diff --git a/src/core/application.cpp b/src/core/application.cpp
index 71832a88..d8ca5658 100644
--- a/src/core/application.cpp
+++ b/src/core/application.cpp
@@ -392,6 +392,9 @@ void Application::update(float deltaTime) {
             if (world) {
                 world->update(deltaTime);
             }
+            // Spawn NPCs once when entering world
+            spawnNpcs();
+
             // Process deferred online creature spawns (throttled)
             processCreatureSpawnQueue();
             processGameObjectSpawnQueue();
@@ -1404,16 +1407,29 @@ void Application::loadEquippedWeapons() {
 
 void Application::spawnNpcs() {
     if (npcsSpawned) return;
-    if (!assetManager || !assetManager->isInitialized()) return;
-    if (!renderer || !renderer->getCharacterRenderer() || !renderer->getCamera()) return;
-    if (!gameHandler) return;
+    LOG_INFO("spawnNpcs: checking preconditions...");
+    if (!assetManager || !assetManager->isInitialized()) {
+        LOG_INFO("spawnNpcs: assetManager not ready");
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!renderer || !renderer->getCharacterRenderer() || !renderer->getCamera()) {
+        LOG_INFO("spawnNpcs: renderer not ready");
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!gameHandler) {
+        LOG_INFO("spawnNpcs: gameHandler not ready");
+        return;
+    }
 
+    LOG_INFO("spawnNpcs: spawning NPCs...");
     if (npcManager) {
         npcManager->clear(renderer->getCharacterRenderer(), &gameHandler->getEntityManager());
     }
     npcManager = std::make_unique<game::NpcManager>();
     glm::vec3 playerSpawnGL = renderer->getCharacterPosition();
     glm::vec3 playerCanonical = core::coords::renderToCanonical(playerSpawnGL);
+    LOG_INFO("spawnNpcs: player position GL=(", playerSpawnGL.x, ",", playerSpawnGL.y, ",", playerSpawnGL.z,
+             ") canonical=(", playerCanonical.x, ",", playerCanonical.y, ",", playerCanonical.z, ")");
     std::string mapName = "Azeroth";
     if (auto* minimap = renderer->getMinimap()) {
         mapName = minimap->getMapName();
diff --git a/src/game/game_handler.cpp b/src/game/game_handler.cpp
index 8d1d448b..e439c30e 100644
--- a/src/game/game_handler.cpp
+++ b/src/game/game_handler.cpp
@@ -4627,6 +4627,17 @@ void GameHandler::handleTrainerList(network::Packet& packet) {
     trainerWindowOpen_ = true;
     gossipWindowOpen = false;
 
+    // Debug: log known spells
+    LOG_INFO("Known spells count: ", knownSpells.size());
+    if (knownSpells.size() <= 20) {
+        std::string spellList;
+        for (uint32_t id : knownSpells) {
+            if (!spellList.empty()) spellList += ", ";
+            spellList += std::to_string(id);
+        }
+        LOG_INFO("Known spells: ", spellList);
+    }
+
     // Ensure caches are populated
     loadSpellNameCache();
     loadSkillLineDbc();
@@ -4635,12 +4646,19 @@ void GameHandler::handleTrainerList(network::Packet& packet) {
 }
 
 void GameHandler::trainSpell(uint32_t spellId) {
-    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
+    LOG_INFO("trainSpell called: spellId=", spellId, " state=", (int)state, " socket=", (socket ? "yes" : "no"));
+    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
+        LOG_WARNING("trainSpell: Not in world or no socket connection");
+        return;
+    }
+    LOG_INFO("Sending CMSG_TRAINER_BUY_SPELL: guid=", currentTrainerList_.trainerGuid,
+             " trainerId=", currentTrainerList_.trainerType, " spellId=", spellId);
     auto packet = TrainerBuySpellPacket::build(
         currentTrainerList_.trainerGuid,
         currentTrainerList_.trainerType,
         spellId);
     socket->send(packet);
+    LOG_INFO("CMSG_TRAINER_BUY_SPELL sent");
 }
 
 void GameHandler::closeTrainer() {
diff --git a/src/ui/game_screen.cpp b/src/ui/game_screen.cpp
index d2c381c8..97245b36 100644
--- a/src/ui/game_screen.cpp
+++ b/src/ui/game_screen.cpp
@@ -3689,6 +3689,19 @@ void GameScreen::renderTrainerWindow(game::GameHandler& gameHandler) {
                     bool canTrain = !alreadyKnown && spell->state == 1
                                   && prereqsMet && levelMet
                                   && (money >= spell->spellCost);
+
+                    // Debug logging for first spell to see why buttons are disabled
+                    static bool logged = false;
+                    if (!logged) {
+                        LOG_INFO("Trainer button debug: spellId=", spell->spellId,
+                                " alreadyKnown=", alreadyKnown, " state=", (int)spell->state,
+                                " prereqsMet=", prereqsMet, " levelMet=", levelMet,
+                                " canAfford=", (money >= spell->spellCost),
+                                " money=", money, " cost=", spell->spellCost,
+                                " canTrain=", canTrain);
+                        logged = true;
+                    }
+
                     if (!canTrain) ImGui::BeginDisabled();
                     if (ImGui::SmallButton("Train")) {
                         gameHandler.trainSpell(spell->spellId);