From bec3190b08b20726e6fe7335a364c6d675811891 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kelsi <kelsihates2fa@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 01:18:42 -0800
Subject: [PATCH] Fix POM distortions and add normal map strength slider
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

POM fixes: use blurred height only for ray march (keep crisp Sobel for
normals), reduce pomScale 0.03→0.012, clamp grazing angle denominator
to 0.15, hard-limit max UV offset, smooth fadeout at steep view angles.

Add Normal Map Strength slider (0.0-2.0) in Video settings for user
control over surface detail intensity. Persisted across sessions.
---
 assets/shaders/wmo.frag.glsl       |  27 +++++++++++++++++++++-----
 assets/shaders/wmo.frag.spv        | Bin 17296 -> 18492 bytes
 include/rendering/wmo_renderer.hpp |   5 ++++-
 include/ui/game_screen.hpp         |   1 +
 src/rendering/wmo_renderer.cpp     |  30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 src/ui/game_screen.cpp             |  15 +++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/assets/shaders/wmo.frag.glsl b/assets/shaders/wmo.frag.glsl
index 8d21dc74..aaffef29 100644
--- a/assets/shaders/wmo.frag.glsl
+++ b/assets/shaders/wmo.frag.glsl
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ layout(set = 1, binding = 1) uniform WMOMaterial {
     float pomScale;
     int pomMaxSamples;
     float heightMapVariance;
+    float normalMapStrength;
 };
 
 layout(set = 1, binding = 2) uniform sampler2D uNormalHeightMap;
@@ -55,6 +56,10 @@ float computeLodFactor() {
 // Parallax Occlusion Mapping with angle-adaptive sampling
 vec2 parallaxOcclusionMap(vec2 uv, vec3 viewDirTS, float lodFactor) {
     float VdotN = abs(viewDirTS.z);  // 1=head-on, 0=grazing
+
+    // Fade out POM at grazing angles to avoid distortion
+    if (VdotN < 0.15) return uv;
+
     float angleFactor = clamp(VdotN, 0.15, 1.0);
     int maxS = pomMaxSamples;
     int minS = max(maxS / 4, 4);
@@ -64,8 +69,11 @@ vec2 parallaxOcclusionMap(vec2 uv, vec3 viewDirTS, float lodFactor) {
     float layerDepth = 1.0 / float(numSamples);
     float currentLayerDepth = 0.0;
 
-    // Direction to shift UV per layer
-    vec2 P = viewDirTS.xy / max(abs(viewDirTS.z), 0.001) * pomScale;
+    // Direction to shift UV per layer — clamp denominator to prevent explosion at grazing angles
+    vec2 P = viewDirTS.xy / max(VdotN, 0.15) * pomScale;
+    // Hard-clamp total UV offset to prevent texture swimming
+    float maxOffset = pomScale * 3.0;
+    P = clamp(P, vec2(-maxOffset), vec2(maxOffset));
     vec2 deltaUV = P / float(numSamples);
 
     vec2 currentUV = uv;
@@ -84,7 +92,11 @@ vec2 parallaxOcclusionMap(vec2 uv, vec3 viewDirTS, float lodFactor) {
     float afterDepth = currentDepthMapValue - currentLayerDepth;
     float beforeDepth = (1.0 - texture(uNormalHeightMap, prevUV).a) - currentLayerDepth + layerDepth;
     float weight = afterDepth / (afterDepth - beforeDepth + 0.0001);
-    return mix(currentUV, prevUV, weight);
+    vec2 result = mix(currentUV, prevUV, weight);
+
+    // Fade toward original UV at grazing angles for smooth transition
+    float fadeFactor = smoothstep(0.15, 0.35, VdotN);
+    return mix(uv, result, fadeFactor);
 }
 
 void main() {
@@ -114,11 +126,16 @@ void main() {
 
     // Compute normal (with normal mapping if enabled)
     vec3 norm = vertexNormal;
-    if (enableNormalMap != 0 && lodFactor < 0.99) {
+    if (enableNormalMap != 0 && lodFactor < 0.99 && normalMapStrength > 0.001) {
         vec3 mapNormal = texture(uNormalHeightMap, finalUV).rgb * 2.0 - 1.0;
+        // Scale XY by strength to control effect intensity
+        mapNormal.xy *= normalMapStrength;
+        mapNormal = normalize(mapNormal);
         vec3 worldNormal = normalize(TBN * mapNormal);
         if (!gl_FrontFacing) worldNormal = -worldNormal;
-        norm = normalize(mix(worldNormal, vertexNormal, lodFactor));
+        // Blend: strength + LOD both contribute to fade toward vertex normal
+        float blendFactor = max(lodFactor, 1.0 - normalMapStrength);
+        norm = normalize(mix(worldNormal, vertexNormal, blendFactor));
     }
 
     vec3 result;
diff --git a/assets/shaders/wmo.frag.spv b/assets/shaders/wmo.frag.spv
index 2cfb1540da5b85cd5939757f84af985c93c03ee3..f1241ab896f55b43eeff964f992468880552a011 100644
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diff --git a/include/rendering/wmo_renderer.hpp b/include/rendering/wmo_renderer.hpp
index 328e6f7e..3376e5c7 100644
--- a/include/rendering/wmo_renderer.hpp
+++ b/include/rendering/wmo_renderer.hpp
@@ -186,9 +186,11 @@ public:
      * Normal mapping / Parallax Occlusion Mapping settings
      */
     void setNormalMappingEnabled(bool enabled) { normalMappingEnabled_ = enabled; materialSettingsDirty_ = true; }
+    void setNormalMapStrength(float s) { normalMapStrength_ = s; materialSettingsDirty_ = true; }
     void setPOMEnabled(bool enabled) { pomEnabled_ = enabled; materialSettingsDirty_ = true; }
     void setPOMQuality(int q) { pomQuality_ = q; materialSettingsDirty_ = true; }
     bool isNormalMappingEnabled() const { return normalMappingEnabled_; }
+    float getNormalMapStrength() const { return normalMapStrength_; }
     bool isPOMEnabled() const { return pomEnabled_; }
     int getPOMQuality() const { return pomQuality_; }
 
@@ -326,7 +328,7 @@ private:
         float pomScale;            // 32 (height scale)
         int32_t pomMaxSamples;     // 36 (max ray-march steps)
         float heightMapVariance;   // 40 (low variance = skip POM)
-        float pad;                 // 44
+        float normalMapStrength;   // 44 (0=flat, 1=full, 2=exaggerated)
     };  // 48 bytes total
 
     /**
@@ -643,6 +645,7 @@ private:
 
     // Normal mapping / POM settings
     bool normalMappingEnabled_ = true;   // on by default
+    float normalMapStrength_ = 1.0f;     // 0.0 = flat, 1.0 = full, 2.0 = exaggerated
     bool pomEnabled_ = false;            // off by default (expensive)
     int pomQuality_ = 1;                 // 0=Low(16), 1=Medium(32), 2=High(64)
     bool materialSettingsDirty_ = false; // rebuild UBOs when settings change
diff --git a/include/ui/game_screen.hpp b/include/ui/game_screen.hpp
index 5f269477..69450693 100644
--- a/include/ui/game_screen.hpp
+++ b/include/ui/game_screen.hpp
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ private:
     int pendingGroundClutterDensity = 100;
     int pendingAntiAliasing = 0;  // 0=Off, 1=2x, 2=4x, 3=8x
     bool pendingNormalMapping = true;   // on by default
+    float pendingNormalMapStrength = 1.0f;  // 0.0-2.0
     bool pendingPOM = false;            // off by default (expensive)
     int pendingPOMQuality = 1;          // 0=Low(16), 1=Medium(32), 2=High(64)
 
diff --git a/src/rendering/wmo_renderer.cpp b/src/rendering/wmo_renderer.cpp
index c4d8431f..2768b5df 100644
--- a/src/rendering/wmo_renderer.cpp
+++ b/src/rendering/wmo_renderer.cpp
@@ -601,12 +601,13 @@ bool WMORenderer::loadModel(const pipeline::WMOModel& model, uint32_t id) {
             matData.isWindow = mb.isWindow ? 1 : 0;
             matData.enableNormalMap = normalMappingEnabled_ ? 1 : 0;
             matData.enablePOM = pomEnabled_ ? 1 : 0;
-            matData.pomScale = 0.03f;
+            matData.pomScale = 0.012f;
             {
                 static const int pomSampleTable[] = { 16, 32, 64 };
                 matData.pomMaxSamples = pomSampleTable[std::clamp(pomQuality_, 0, 2)];
             }
             matData.heightMapVariance = mb.heightMapVariance;
+            matData.normalMapStrength = normalMapStrength_;
             if (matBuf.info.pMappedData) {
                 memcpy(matBuf.info.pMappedData, &matData, sizeof(matData));
             }
@@ -1228,9 +1229,10 @@ void WMORenderer::render(VkCommandBuffer cmd, VkDescriptorSet perFrameSet, const
                         auto* ubo = reinterpret_cast<WMOMaterialUBO*>(allocInfo.pMappedData);
                         ubo->enableNormalMap = normalMappingEnabled_ ? 1 : 0;
                         ubo->enablePOM = pomEnabled_ ? 1 : 0;
-                        ubo->pomScale = 0.03f;
+                        ubo->pomScale = 0.012f;
                         ubo->pomMaxSamples = maxSamples;
                         ubo->heightMapVariance = mb.heightMapVariance;
+                        ubo->normalMapStrength = normalMapStrength_;
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -2019,7 +2021,27 @@ std::unique_ptr<VkTexture> WMORenderer::generateNormalHeightMap(
     double mean = sumH / totalPixels;
     outVariance = static_cast<float>(sumH2 / totalPixels - mean * mean);
 
-    // Step 2: Sobel 3x3 → normal map (wrap-sampled for tiling textures)
+    // Step 1.5: Box blur the height map to reduce noise from diffuse textures
+    auto wrapSample = [&](const std::vector<float>& map, int x, int y) -> float {
+        x = ((x % (int)width) + (int)width) % (int)width;
+        y = ((y % (int)height) + (int)height) % (int)height;
+        return map[y * width + x];
+    };
+
+    std::vector<float> blurredHeight(totalPixels);
+    for (uint32_t y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+        for (uint32_t x = 0; x < width; x++) {
+            int ix = static_cast<int>(x), iy = static_cast<int>(y);
+            float sum = 0.0f;
+            for (int dy = -1; dy <= 1; dy++)
+                for (int dx = -1; dx <= 1; dx++)
+                    sum += wrapSample(heightMap, ix + dx, iy + dy);
+            blurredHeight[y * width + x] = sum / 9.0f;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Step 2: Sobel 3x3 → normal map
+    // Use ORIGINAL height for normals (crisp detail), blurred height for POM alpha only
     const float strength = 2.0f;
     std::vector<uint8_t> output(totalPixels * 4);
 
@@ -2050,7 +2072,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<VkTexture> WMORenderer::generateNormalHeightMap(
             output[idx + 0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::clamp((nx * 0.5f + 0.5f) * 255.0f, 0.0f, 255.0f));
             output[idx + 1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::clamp((ny * 0.5f + 0.5f) * 255.0f, 0.0f, 255.0f));
             output[idx + 2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::clamp((nz * 0.5f + 0.5f) * 255.0f, 0.0f, 255.0f));
-            output[idx + 3] = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::clamp(heightMap[y * width + x] * 255.0f, 0.0f, 255.0f));
+            output[idx + 3] = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::clamp(blurredHeight[y * width + x] * 255.0f, 0.0f, 255.0f));
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/ui/game_screen.cpp b/src/ui/game_screen.cpp
index 42392cd8..e38d1475 100644
--- a/src/ui/game_screen.cpp
+++ b/src/ui/game_screen.cpp
@@ -284,6 +284,7 @@ void GameScreen::render(game::GameHandler& gameHandler) {
         if (renderer) {
             if (auto* wr = renderer->getWMORenderer()) {
                 wr->setNormalMappingEnabled(pendingNormalMapping);
+                wr->setNormalMapStrength(pendingNormalMapStrength);
                 wr->setPOMEnabled(pendingPOM);
                 wr->setPOMQuality(pendingPOMQuality);
                 normalMapSettingsApplied_ = true;
@@ -5916,6 +5917,16 @@ void GameScreen::renderSettingsWindow() {
                     }
                     saveSettings();
                 }
+                if (pendingNormalMapping) {
+                    if (ImGui::SliderFloat("Normal Map Strength", &pendingNormalMapStrength, 0.0f, 2.0f, "%.1f")) {
+                        if (renderer) {
+                            if (auto* wr = renderer->getWMORenderer()) {
+                                wr->setNormalMapStrength(pendingNormalMapStrength);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        saveSettings();
+                    }
+                }
                 if (ImGui::Checkbox("Parallax Mapping", &pendingPOM)) {
                     if (renderer) {
                         if (auto* wr = renderer->getWMORenderer()) {
@@ -5959,6 +5970,7 @@ void GameScreen::renderSettingsWindow() {
                     pendingGroundClutterDensity = kDefaultGroundClutterDensity;
                     pendingAntiAliasing = 0;
                     pendingNormalMapping = true;
+                    pendingNormalMapStrength = 1.0f;
                     pendingPOM = false;
                     pendingPOMQuality = 1;
                     pendingResIndex = defaultResIndex;
@@ -5975,6 +5987,7 @@ void GameScreen::renderSettingsWindow() {
                     if (renderer) {
                         if (auto* wr = renderer->getWMORenderer()) {
                             wr->setNormalMappingEnabled(pendingNormalMapping);
+                            wr->setNormalMapStrength(pendingNormalMapStrength);
                             wr->setPOMEnabled(pendingPOM);
                             wr->setPOMQuality(pendingPOMQuality);
                         }
@@ -6906,6 +6919,7 @@ void GameScreen::saveSettings() {
     out << "ground_clutter_density=" << pendingGroundClutterDensity << "\n";
     out << "antialiasing=" << pendingAntiAliasing << "\n";
     out << "normal_mapping=" << (pendingNormalMapping ? 1 : 0) << "\n";
+    out << "normal_map_strength=" << pendingNormalMapStrength << "\n";
     out << "pom=" << (pendingPOM ? 1 : 0) << "\n";
     out << "pom_quality=" << pendingPOMQuality << "\n";
 
@@ -6987,6 +7001,7 @@ void GameScreen::loadSettings() {
             else if (key == "ground_clutter_density") pendingGroundClutterDensity = std::clamp(std::stoi(val), 0, 150);
             else if (key == "antialiasing") pendingAntiAliasing = std::clamp(std::stoi(val), 0, 3);
             else if (key == "normal_mapping") pendingNormalMapping = (std::stoi(val) != 0);
+            else if (key == "normal_map_strength") pendingNormalMapStrength = std::clamp(std::stof(val), 0.0f, 2.0f);
             else if (key == "pom") pendingPOM = (std::stoi(val) != 0);
             else if (key == "pom_quality") pendingPOMQuality = std::clamp(std::stoi(val), 0, 2);
             // Controls