Kelsidavis-WoWee/src/game/game_handler.cpp

#include "game/game_handler.hpp"
#include "game/packet_parsers.hpp"
#include "game/transport_manager.hpp"
#include "game/warden_crypto.hpp"
#include "game/warden_memory.hpp"
#include "game/warden_module.hpp"
#include "game/opcodes.hpp"
#include "game/update_field_table.hpp"
#include "game/expansion_profile.hpp"
#include "rendering/renderer.hpp"
#include "audio/activity_sound_manager.hpp"
#include "audio/combat_sound_manager.hpp"
#include "audio/spell_sound_manager.hpp"
#include "audio/ui_sound_manager.hpp"
#include "pipeline/dbc_layout.hpp"
#include "network/world_socket.hpp"
#include "network/packet.hpp"
#include "auth/crypto.hpp"
#include "core/coordinates.hpp"
#include "core/application.hpp"
#include "pipeline/asset_manager.hpp"
#include "pipeline/dbc_loader.hpp"
#include "core/logger.hpp"
#include <glm/gtx/quaternion.hpp>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <cctype>
#include <ctime>
#include <random>
#include <zlib.h>
#include <chrono>
#include <filesystem>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <functional>
#include <array>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <limits>
#include <openssl/sha.h>
#include <openssl/hmac.h>

namespace wowee {
namespace game {

namespace {
const char* worldStateName(WorldState state) {
    switch (state) {
        case WorldState::DISCONNECTED: return "DISCONNECTED";
        case WorldState::CONNECTING: return "CONNECTING";
        case WorldState::CONNECTED: return "CONNECTED";
        case WorldState::CHALLENGE_RECEIVED: return "CHALLENGE_RECEIVED";
        case WorldState::AUTH_SENT: return "AUTH_SENT";
        case WorldState::AUTHENTICATED: return "AUTHENTICATED";
        case WorldState::READY: return "READY";
        case WorldState::CHAR_LIST_REQUESTED: return "CHAR_LIST_REQUESTED";
        case WorldState::CHAR_LIST_RECEIVED: return "CHAR_LIST_RECEIVED";
        case WorldState::ENTERING_WORLD: return "ENTERING_WORLD";
        case WorldState::IN_WORLD: return "IN_WORLD";
        case WorldState::FAILED: return "FAILED";
    }
    return "UNKNOWN";
}

bool isAuthCharPipelineOpcode(LogicalOpcode op) {
    switch (op) {
        case Opcode::SMSG_AUTH_CHALLENGE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_AUTH_RESPONSE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CLIENTCACHE_VERSION:
        case Opcode::SMSG_TUTORIAL_FLAGS:
        case Opcode::SMSG_WARDEN_DATA:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CHAR_ENUM:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CHAR_CREATE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CHAR_DELETE:
            return true;
        default:
            return false;
    }
}

// Build a WoW-format item link for use in system chat messages.
// The chat renderer in game_screen.cpp parses this format and draws the
// item name in its quality colour with a small icon and tooltip.
// Format: |cff<rrggbb>|Hitem:<id>:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0|h[<name>]|h|r
std::string buildItemLink(uint32_t itemId, uint32_t quality, const std::string& name) {
    static const char* kQualHex[] = {
        "9d9d9d",  // 0 Poor
        "ffffff",  // 1 Common
        "1eff00",  // 2 Uncommon
        "0070dd",  // 3 Rare
        "a335ee",  // 4 Epic
        "ff8000",  // 5 Legendary
        "e6cc80",  // 6 Artifact
        "e6cc80",  // 7 Heirloom
    };
    uint32_t qi = quality < 8 ? quality : 1u;
    char buf[512];
    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "|cff%s|Hitem:%u:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0|h[%s]|h|r",
             kQualHex[qi], itemId, name.c_str());
    return buf;
}

bool isActiveExpansion(const char* expansionId) {
    auto& app = core::Application::getInstance();
    auto* registry = app.getExpansionRegistry();
    if (!registry) return false;
    auto* profile = registry->getActive();
    if (!profile) return false;
    return profile->id == expansionId;
}

bool isClassicLikeExpansion() {
    return isActiveExpansion("classic") || isActiveExpansion("turtle");
}

bool envFlagEnabled(const char* key, bool defaultValue = false) {
    const char* raw = std::getenv(key);
    if (!raw || !*raw) return defaultValue;
    return !(raw[0] == '0' || raw[0] == 'f' || raw[0] == 'F' ||
             raw[0] == 'n' || raw[0] == 'N');
}

int parseEnvIntClamped(const char* key, int defaultValue, int minValue, int maxValue) {
    const char* raw = std::getenv(key);
    if (!raw || !*raw) return defaultValue;
    char* end = nullptr;
    long parsed = std::strtol(raw, &end, 10);
    if (end == raw) return defaultValue;
    return static_cast<int>(std::clamp<long>(parsed, minValue, maxValue));
}

int incomingPacketsBudgetPerUpdate(WorldState state) {
    static const int inWorldBudget =
        parseEnvIntClamped("WOWEE_NET_MAX_GAMEHANDLER_PACKETS", 24, 1, 512);
    static const int loginBudget =
        parseEnvIntClamped("WOWEE_NET_MAX_GAMEHANDLER_PACKETS_LOGIN", 96, 1, 512);
    return state == WorldState::IN_WORLD ? inWorldBudget : loginBudget;
}

float incomingPacketBudgetMs(WorldState state) {
    static const int inWorldBudgetMs =
        parseEnvIntClamped("WOWEE_NET_MAX_GAMEHANDLER_PACKET_MS", 2, 1, 50);
    static const int loginBudgetMs =
        parseEnvIntClamped("WOWEE_NET_MAX_GAMEHANDLER_PACKET_MS_LOGIN", 8, 1, 50);
    return static_cast<float>(state == WorldState::IN_WORLD ? inWorldBudgetMs : loginBudgetMs);
}

int updateObjectBlocksBudgetPerUpdate(WorldState state) {
    static const int inWorldBudget =
        parseEnvIntClamped("WOWEE_NET_MAX_UPDATE_OBJECT_BLOCKS", 24, 1, 2048);
    static const int loginBudget =
        parseEnvIntClamped("WOWEE_NET_MAX_UPDATE_OBJECT_BLOCKS_LOGIN", 128, 1, 4096);
    return state == WorldState::IN_WORLD ? inWorldBudget : loginBudget;
}

float slowPacketLogThresholdMs() {
    static const int thresholdMs =
        parseEnvIntClamped("WOWEE_NET_SLOW_PACKET_LOG_MS", 10, 1, 60000);
    return static_cast<float>(thresholdMs);
}

float slowUpdateObjectBlockLogThresholdMs() {
    static const int thresholdMs =
        parseEnvIntClamped("WOWEE_NET_SLOW_UPDATE_BLOCK_LOG_MS", 10, 1, 60000);
    return static_cast<float>(thresholdMs);
}

constexpr size_t kMaxQueuedInboundPackets = 4096;

bool hasFullPackedGuid(const network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getReadPos() >= packet.getSize()) {
        return false;
    }

    const auto& rawData = packet.getData();
    const uint8_t mask = rawData[packet.getReadPos()];
    size_t guidBytes = 1;
    for (int bit = 0; bit < 8; ++bit) {
        if ((mask & (1u << bit)) != 0) {
            ++guidBytes;
        }
    }
    return packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= guidBytes;
}

bool packetHasRemaining(const network::Packet& packet, size_t need) {
    const size_t size = packet.getSize();
    const size_t pos = packet.getReadPos();
    return pos <= size && need <= (size - pos);
}

CombatTextEntry::Type combatTextTypeFromSpellMissInfo(uint8_t missInfo) {
    switch (missInfo) {
        case 0: return CombatTextEntry::MISS;
        case 1: return CombatTextEntry::DODGE;
        case 2: return CombatTextEntry::PARRY;
        case 3: return CombatTextEntry::BLOCK;
        case 4: return CombatTextEntry::EVADE;
        case 5: return CombatTextEntry::IMMUNE;
        case 6: return CombatTextEntry::DEFLECT;
        case 7: return CombatTextEntry::ABSORB;
        case 8: return CombatTextEntry::RESIST;
        case 9:  // Some cores encode SPELL_MISS_IMMUNE2 as 9.
        case 10: // Others encode SPELL_MISS_IMMUNE2 as 10.
            return CombatTextEntry::IMMUNE;
        case 11: return CombatTextEntry::REFLECT;
        default: return CombatTextEntry::MISS;
    }
}

std::string formatCopperAmount(uint32_t amount) {
    uint32_t gold = amount / 10000;
    uint32_t silver = (amount / 100) % 100;
    uint32_t copper = amount % 100;

    std::ostringstream oss;
    bool wrote = false;
    if (gold > 0) {
        oss << gold << "g";
        wrote = true;
    }
    if (silver > 0) {
        if (wrote) oss << " ";
        oss << silver << "s";
        wrote = true;
    }
    if (copper > 0 || !wrote) {
        if (wrote) oss << " ";
        oss << copper << "c";
    }
    return oss.str();
}

std::string displaySpellName(GameHandler& handler, uint32_t spellId) {
    if (spellId == 0) return {};
    const std::string& name = handler.getSpellName(spellId);
    if (!name.empty()) return name;
    return "spell " + std::to_string(spellId);
}

std::string formatSpellNameList(GameHandler& handler,
                                const std::vector<uint32_t>& spellIds,
                                size_t maxShown = 3) {
    if (spellIds.empty()) return {};

    const size_t shownCount = std::min(spellIds.size(), maxShown);
    std::ostringstream oss;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < shownCount; ++i) {
        if (i > 0) {
            if (shownCount == 2) {
                oss << " and ";
            } else if (i == shownCount - 1) {
                oss << ", and ";
            } else {
                oss << ", ";
            }
        }
        oss << displaySpellName(handler, spellIds[i]);
    }

    if (spellIds.size() > shownCount) {
        oss << ", and " << (spellIds.size() - shownCount) << " more";
    }

    return oss.str();
}

bool readCStringAt(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data, size_t start, std::string& out, size_t& nextPos) {
    out.clear();
    if (start >= data.size()) return false;
    size_t i = start;
    while (i < data.size()) {
        uint8_t b = data[i++];
        if (b == 0) {
            nextPos = i;
            return true;
        }
        out.push_back(static_cast<char>(b));
    }
    return false;
}

std::string asciiLower(std::string s) {
    std::transform(s.begin(), s.end(), s.begin(),
                   [](unsigned char c) { return static_cast<char>(std::tolower(c)); });
    return s;
}

std::vector<std::string> splitWowPath(const std::string& wowPath) {
    std::vector<std::string> out;
    std::string cur;
    for (char c : wowPath) {
        if (c == '\\' || c == '/') {
            if (!cur.empty()) {
                out.push_back(cur);
                cur.clear();
            }
            continue;
        }
        cur.push_back(c);
    }
    if (!cur.empty()) out.push_back(cur);
    return out;
}

int pathCaseScore(const std::string& name) {
    int score = 0;
    for (unsigned char c : name) {
        if (std::islower(c)) score += 2;
        else if (std::isupper(c)) score -= 1;
    }
    return score;
}

std::string resolveCaseInsensitiveDataPath(const std::string& dataRoot, const std::string& wowPath) {
    if (dataRoot.empty() || wowPath.empty()) return std::string();
    std::filesystem::path cur(dataRoot);
    std::error_code ec;
    if (!std::filesystem::exists(cur, ec) || !std::filesystem::is_directory(cur, ec)) {
        return std::string();
    }

    for (const std::string& segment : splitWowPath(wowPath)) {
        std::string wanted = asciiLower(segment);
        std::filesystem::path bestPath;
        int bestScore = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
        bool found = false;

        for (const auto& entry : std::filesystem::directory_iterator(cur, ec)) {
            if (ec) break;
            std::string name = entry.path().filename().string();
            if (asciiLower(name) != wanted) continue;
            int score = pathCaseScore(name);
            if (!found || score > bestScore) {
                found = true;
                bestScore = score;
                bestPath = entry.path();
            }
        }
        if (!found) return std::string();
        cur = bestPath;
    }

    if (!std::filesystem::exists(cur, ec) || std::filesystem::is_directory(cur, ec)) {
        return std::string();
    }
    return cur.string();
}

std::vector<uint8_t> readFileBinary(const std::string& fsPath) {
    std::ifstream in(fsPath, std::ios::binary);
    if (!in) return {};
    in.seekg(0, std::ios::end);
    std::streamoff size = in.tellg();
    if (size <= 0) return {};
    in.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
    std::vector<uint8_t> data(static_cast<size_t>(size));
    in.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(data.data()), size);
    if (!in) return {};
    return data;
}

bool hmacSha1Matches(const uint8_t seedBytes[4], const std::string& text, const uint8_t expected[20]) {
    uint8_t out[SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH];
    unsigned int outLen = 0;
    HMAC(EVP_sha1(),
         seedBytes, 4,
         reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(text.data()),
         static_cast<int>(text.size()),
         out, &outLen);
    return outLen == SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH && std::memcmp(out, expected, SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH) == 0;
}

const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::array<uint8_t, 20>>& knownDoorHashes() {
    static const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::array<uint8_t, 20>> k = {
        {"world\\lordaeron\\stratholme\\activedoodads\\doors\\nox_door_plague.m2",
         {0xB4,0x45,0x2B,0x6D,0x95,0xC9,0x8B,0x18,0x6A,0x70,0xB0,0x08,0xFA,0x07,0xBB,0xAE,0xF3,0x0D,0xF7,0xA2}},
        {"world\\kalimdor\\onyxiaslair\\doors\\onyxiasgate01.m2",
         {0x75,0x19,0x5E,0x4A,0xED,0xA0,0xBC,0xAF,0x04,0x8C,0xA0,0xE3,0x4D,0x95,0xA7,0x0D,0x4F,0x53,0xC7,0x46}},
        {"world\\generic\\human\\activedoodads\\doors\\deadminedoor02.m2",
         {0x3D,0xFF,0x01,0x1B,0x9A,0xB1,0x34,0xF3,0x7F,0x88,0x50,0x97,0xE6,0x95,0x35,0x1B,0x91,0x95,0x35,0x64}},
        {"world\\kalimdor\\silithus\\activedoodads\\ahnqirajdoor\\ahnqirajdoor02.m2",
         {0xDB,0xD4,0xF4,0x07,0xC4,0x68,0xCC,0x36,0x13,0x4E,0x62,0x1D,0x16,0x01,0x78,0xFD,0xA4,0xD0,0xD2,0x49}},
        {"world\\kalimdor\\diremaul\\activedoodads\\doors\\diremaulsmallinstancedoor.m2",
         {0x0D,0xC8,0xDB,0x46,0xC8,0x55,0x49,0xC0,0xFF,0x1A,0x60,0x0F,0x6C,0x23,0x63,0x57,0xC3,0x05,0x78,0x1A}},
    };
    return k;
}

bool isReadableQuestText(const std::string& s, size_t minLen, size_t maxLen) {
    if (s.size() < minLen || s.size() > maxLen) return false;
    bool hasAlpha = false;
    for (unsigned char c : s) {
        if (c < 0x20 || c > 0x7E) return false;
        if (std::isalpha(c)) hasAlpha = true;
    }
    return hasAlpha;
}

bool isPlaceholderQuestTitle(const std::string& s) {
    return s.rfind("Quest #", 0) == 0;
}

float mergeCooldownSeconds(float current, float incoming) {
    constexpr float kEpsilon = 0.05f;
    if (incoming <= 0.0f) return 0.0f;
    if (current <= 0.0f) return incoming;
    // Cooldowns should normally tick down. If a duplicate/late packet reports a
    // larger value, keep the local remaining time to avoid visible timer resets.
    if (incoming > current + kEpsilon) return current;
    return incoming;
}

bool looksLikeQuestDescriptionText(const std::string& s) {
    int spaces = 0;
    int commas = 0;
    for (unsigned char c : s) {
        if (c == ' ') spaces++;
        if (c == ',') commas++;
    }
    const int words = spaces + 1;
    if (words > 8) return true;
    if (commas > 0 && words > 5) return true;
    if (s.find(". ") != std::string::npos) return true;
    if (s.find(':') != std::string::npos && words > 5) return true;
    return false;
}

bool isStrongQuestTitle(const std::string& s) {
    if (!isReadableQuestText(s, 6, 72)) return false;
    if (looksLikeQuestDescriptionText(s)) return false;
    unsigned char first = static_cast<unsigned char>(s.front());
    return std::isupper(first) != 0;
}

int scoreQuestTitle(const std::string& s) {
    if (!isReadableQuestText(s, 4, 72)) return -1000;
    if (looksLikeQuestDescriptionText(s)) return -1000;
    int score = 0;
    score += static_cast<int>(std::min<size_t>(s.size(), 32));
    unsigned char first = static_cast<unsigned char>(s.front());
    if (std::isupper(first)) score += 20;
    if (std::islower(first)) score -= 20;
    if (s.find(' ') != std::string::npos) score += 8;
    if (s.find('.') != std::string::npos) score -= 18;
    if (s.find('!') != std::string::npos || s.find('?') != std::string::npos) score -= 6;
    return score;
}

struct QuestQueryTextCandidate {
    std::string title;
    std::string objectives;
    int score = -1000;
};

QuestQueryTextCandidate pickBestQuestQueryTexts(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data, bool classicHint) {
    QuestQueryTextCandidate best;
    if (data.size() <= 9) return best;

    std::vector<size_t> seedOffsets;
    const size_t base = 8;
    const size_t classicOffset = base + 40u * 4u;
    const size_t wotlkOffset = base + 55u * 4u;
    if (classicHint) {
        seedOffsets.push_back(classicOffset);
        seedOffsets.push_back(wotlkOffset);
    } else {
        seedOffsets.push_back(wotlkOffset);
        seedOffsets.push_back(classicOffset);
    }
    for (size_t off : seedOffsets) {
        if (off < data.size()) {
            std::string title;
            size_t next = off;
            if (readCStringAt(data, off, title, next)) {
                QuestQueryTextCandidate c;
                c.title = title;
                c.score = scoreQuestTitle(title) + 20; // Prefer expected struct offsets

                std::string s2;
                size_t n2 = next;
                if (readCStringAt(data, next, s2, n2) && isReadableQuestText(s2, 8, 600)) {
                    c.objectives = s2;
                }
                if (c.score > best.score) best = c;
            }
        }
    }

    // Fallback: scan packet for best printable C-string title candidate.
    for (size_t start = 8; start < data.size(); ++start) {
        std::string title;
        size_t next = start;
        if (!readCStringAt(data, start, title, next)) continue;

        QuestQueryTextCandidate c;
        c.title = title;
        c.score = scoreQuestTitle(title);
        if (c.score < 0) continue;

        std::string s2, s3;
        size_t n2 = next, n3 = next;
        if (readCStringAt(data, next, s2, n2)) {
            if (isReadableQuestText(s2, 8, 600)) c.objectives = s2;
            else if (readCStringAt(data, n2, s3, n3) && isReadableQuestText(s3, 8, 600)) c.objectives = s3;
        }
        if (c.score > best.score) best = c;
    }

    return best;
}

// Parse kill/item objectives from SMSG_QUEST_QUERY_RESPONSE raw data.
// Returns true if the objective block was found and at least one entry read.
//
// Format after the fixed integer header (40*4 Classic or 55*4 WotLK bytes post questId+questMethod):
//   N strings (title, objectives, details, endText; + completedText for WotLK)
//   4x { int32 npcOrGoId, uint32 count }  -- entity (kill/interact) objectives
//   6x { uint32 itemId, uint32 count }    -- item collect objectives
//   4x cstring                            -- per-objective display text
//
// We use the same fixed-offset heuristic as pickBestQuestQueryTexts and then scan past
// the string section to reach the objective data.
struct QuestQueryObjectives {
    struct Kill { int32_t npcOrGoId; uint32_t required; };
    struct Item { uint32_t itemId; uint32_t required; };
    std::array<Kill, 4> kills{};
    std::array<Item, 6> items{};
    bool valid = false;
};

static uint32_t readU32At(const std::vector<uint8_t>& d, size_t pos) {
    return static_cast<uint32_t>(d[pos])
         | (static_cast<uint32_t>(d[pos + 1]) << 8)
         | (static_cast<uint32_t>(d[pos + 2]) << 16)
         | (static_cast<uint32_t>(d[pos + 3]) << 24);
}

// Try to parse objective block starting at `startPos` with `nStrings` strings before it.
// Returns a valid QuestQueryObjectives if the data looks plausible, otherwise invalid.
static QuestQueryObjectives tryParseQuestObjectivesAt(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data,
                                                       size_t startPos, int nStrings) {
    QuestQueryObjectives out;
    size_t pos = startPos;

    // Scan past each string (null-terminated).
    for (int si = 0; si < nStrings; ++si) {
        while (pos < data.size() && data[pos] != 0) ++pos;
        if (pos >= data.size()) return out;  // truncated
        ++pos;  // consume null terminator
    }

    // Read 4 entity objectives: int32 npcOrGoId + uint32 count each.
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
        if (pos + 8 > data.size()) return out;
        out.kills[i].npcOrGoId = static_cast<int32_t>(readU32At(data, pos));  pos += 4;
        out.kills[i].required  = readU32At(data, pos);                         pos += 4;
    }

    // Read 6 item objectives: uint32 itemId + uint32 count each.
    for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
        if (pos + 8 > data.size()) break;
        out.items[i].itemId   = readU32At(data, pos);  pos += 4;
        out.items[i].required = readU32At(data, pos);  pos += 4;
    }

    out.valid = true;
    return out;
}

QuestQueryObjectives extractQuestQueryObjectives(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data, bool classicHint) {
    if (data.size() < 16) return {};

    // questId(4) + questMethod(4) prefix before the fixed integer header.
    const size_t base = 8;
    // Classic/TBC: 40 fixed uint32 fields + 4 strings before objectives.
    // WotLK:       55 fixed uint32 fields + 5 strings before objectives.
    const size_t classicStart = base + 40u * 4u;
    const size_t wotlkStart   = base + 55u * 4u;

    // Try the expected layout first, then fall back to the other.
    if (classicHint) {
        auto r = tryParseQuestObjectivesAt(data, classicStart, 4);
        if (r.valid) return r;
        return tryParseQuestObjectivesAt(data, wotlkStart, 5);
    } else {
        auto r = tryParseQuestObjectivesAt(data, wotlkStart, 5);
        if (r.valid) return r;
        return tryParseQuestObjectivesAt(data, classicStart, 4);
    }
}

// Parse quest reward fields from SMSG_QUEST_QUERY_RESPONSE fixed header.
// Classic/TBC: 40 fixed fields; WotLK: 55 fixed fields.
struct QuestQueryRewards {
    int32_t  rewardMoney = 0;
    std::array<uint32_t, 4> itemId{};
    std::array<uint32_t, 4> itemCount{};
    std::array<uint32_t, 6> choiceItemId{};
    std::array<uint32_t, 6> choiceItemCount{};
    bool valid = false;
};

static QuestQueryRewards tryParseQuestRewards(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data,
                                               bool classicLayout) {
    const size_t base = 8; // after questId(4) + questMethod(4)
    const size_t fieldCount = classicLayout ? 40u : 55u;
    const size_t headerEnd = base + fieldCount * 4u;
    if (data.size() < headerEnd) return {};

    // Field indices (0-based) for each expansion:
    //   Classic/TBC: rewardMoney=[14], rewardItemId[4]=[20..23], rewardItemCount[4]=[24..27],
    //                rewardChoiceItemId[6]=[28..33], rewardChoiceItemCount[6]=[34..39]
    //   WotLK:       rewardMoney=[17], rewardItemId[4]=[30..33], rewardItemCount[4]=[34..37],
    //                rewardChoiceItemId[6]=[38..43], rewardChoiceItemCount[6]=[44..49]
    const size_t moneyField     = classicLayout ? 14u : 17u;
    const size_t itemIdField    = classicLayout ? 20u : 30u;
    const size_t itemCountField = classicLayout ? 24u : 34u;
    const size_t choiceIdField  = classicLayout ? 28u : 38u;
    const size_t choiceCntField = classicLayout ? 34u : 44u;

    QuestQueryRewards out;
    out.rewardMoney = static_cast<int32_t>(readU32At(data, base + moneyField * 4u));
    for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
        out.itemId[i]    = readU32At(data, base + (itemIdField    + i) * 4u);
        out.itemCount[i] = readU32At(data, base + (itemCountField + i) * 4u);
    }
    for (size_t i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
        out.choiceItemId[i]    = readU32At(data, base + (choiceIdField  + i) * 4u);
        out.choiceItemCount[i] = readU32At(data, base + (choiceCntField + i) * 4u);
    }
    out.valid = true;
    return out;
}

} // namespace


GameHandler::GameHandler() {
    LOG_DEBUG("GameHandler created");

    setActiveOpcodeTable(&opcodeTable_);
    setActiveUpdateFieldTable(&updateFieldTable_);

    // Initialize packet parsers (WotLK default, may be replaced for other expansions)
    packetParsers_ = std::make_unique<WotlkPacketParsers>();

    // Initialize transport manager
    transportManager_ = std::make_unique<TransportManager>();

    // Initialize Warden module manager
    wardenModuleManager_ = std::make_unique<WardenModuleManager>();

    // Default spells always available
    knownSpells.insert(6603);  // Attack
    knownSpells.insert(8690);  // Hearthstone

    // Default action bar layout
    actionBar[0].type = ActionBarSlot::SPELL;
    actionBar[0].id = 6603;   // Attack in slot 1
    actionBar[11].type = ActionBarSlot::SPELL;
    actionBar[11].id = 8690;  // Hearthstone in slot 12
}

GameHandler::~GameHandler() {
    disconnect();
}

void GameHandler::setPacketParsers(std::unique_ptr<PacketParsers> parsers) {
    packetParsers_ = std::move(parsers);
}

bool GameHandler::connect(const std::string& host,
                          uint16_t port,
                          const std::vector<uint8_t>& sessionKey,
                          const std::string& accountName,
                          uint32_t build,
                          uint32_t realmId) {

    if (sessionKey.size() != 40) {
        LOG_ERROR("Invalid session key size: ", sessionKey.size(), " (expected 40)");
        fail("Invalid session key");
        return false;
    }

    LOG_INFO("========================================");
    LOG_INFO("   CONNECTING TO WORLD SERVER");
    LOG_INFO("========================================");
    LOG_INFO("Host: ", host);
    LOG_INFO("Port: ", port);
    LOG_INFO("Account: ", accountName);
    LOG_INFO("Build: ", build);

    // Store authentication data
    this->sessionKey = sessionKey;
    this->accountName = accountName;
    this->build = build;
    this->realmId_ = realmId;

    // Diagnostic: dump session key for AUTH_REJECT debugging
    {
        std::string hex;
        for (uint8_t b : sessionKey) { char buf[4]; snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02x", b); hex += buf; }
        LOG_INFO("GameHandler session key (", sessionKey.size(), "): ", hex);
    }
    requiresWarden_ = false;
    wardenGateSeen_ = false;
    wardenGateElapsed_ = 0.0f;
    wardenGateNextStatusLog_ = 2.0f;
    wardenPacketsAfterGate_ = 0;
    wardenCharEnumBlockedLogged_ = false;
    wardenCrypto_.reset();
    wardenState_ = WardenState::WAIT_MODULE_USE;
    wardenModuleHash_.clear();
    wardenModuleKey_.clear();
    wardenModuleSize_ = 0;
    wardenModuleData_.clear();
    wardenLoadedModule_.reset();

    // Generate random client seed
    this->clientSeed = generateClientSeed();
    LOG_DEBUG("Generated client seed: 0x", std::hex, clientSeed, std::dec);

    // Create world socket
    socket = std::make_unique<network::WorldSocket>();

    // Set up packet callback
    socket->setPacketCallback([this](const network::Packet& packet) {
        enqueueIncomingPacket(packet);
    });

    // Connect to world server
    setState(WorldState::CONNECTING);

    if (!socket->connect(host, port)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Failed to connect to world server");
        fail("Connection failed");
        return false;
    }

    setState(WorldState::CONNECTED);
    LOG_INFO("Connected to world server, waiting for SMSG_AUTH_CHALLENGE...");

    return true;
}

void GameHandler::disconnect() {
    if (onTaxiFlight_) {
        taxiRecoverPending_ = true;
    } else {
        taxiRecoverPending_ = false;
    }
    if (socket) {
        socket->disconnect();
        socket.reset();
    }
    activeCharacterGuid_ = 0;
    playerNameCache.clear();
    pendingNameQueries.clear();
    friendGuids_.clear();
    contacts_.clear();
    transportAttachments_.clear();
    serverUpdatedTransportGuids_.clear();
    // Clear in-flight query sets so reconnect can re-issue queries for any
    // entries whose responses were lost during the disconnect.
    pendingCreatureQueries.clear();
    pendingGameObjectQueries_.clear();
    requiresWarden_ = false;
    wardenGateSeen_ = false;
    wardenGateElapsed_ = 0.0f;
    wardenGateNextStatusLog_ = 2.0f;
    wardenPacketsAfterGate_ = 0;
    wardenCharEnumBlockedLogged_ = false;
    wardenCrypto_.reset();
    wardenState_ = WardenState::WAIT_MODULE_USE;
    wardenModuleHash_.clear();
    wardenModuleKey_.clear();
    wardenModuleSize_ = 0;
    wardenModuleData_.clear();
    wardenLoadedModule_.reset();
    pendingIncomingPackets_.clear();
    pendingUpdateObjectWork_.clear();
    // Clear entity state so reconnect sees fresh CREATE_OBJECT for all visible objects.
    entityManager.clear();
    setState(WorldState::DISCONNECTED);
    LOG_INFO("Disconnected from world server");
}

void GameHandler::resetDbcCaches() {
    spellNameCacheLoaded_ = false;
    spellNameCache_.clear();
    skillLineDbcLoaded_ = false;
    skillLineNames_.clear();
    skillLineCategories_.clear();
    skillLineAbilityLoaded_ = false;
    spellToSkillLine_.clear();
    taxiDbcLoaded_ = false;
    taxiNodes_.clear();
    taxiPathEdges_.clear();
    taxiPathNodes_.clear();
    areaTriggerDbcLoaded_ = false;
    areaTriggers_.clear();
    activeAreaTriggers_.clear();
    talentDbcLoaded_ = false;
    talentCache_.clear();
    talentTabCache_.clear();
    // Clear the AssetManager DBC file cache so that expansion-specific DBCs
    // (CharSections, ItemDisplayInfo, etc.) are reloaded from the new expansion's
    // MPQ files instead of returning stale data from a previous session/expansion.
    auto* am = core::Application::getInstance().getAssetManager();
    if (am) {
        am->clearDBCCache();
    }
    LOG_INFO("GameHandler: DBC caches cleared for expansion switch");
}

bool GameHandler::isConnected() const {
    return socket && socket->isConnected();
}

void GameHandler::update(float deltaTime) {
    // Fire deferred char-create callback (outside ImGui render)
    if (pendingCharCreateResult_) {
        pendingCharCreateResult_ = false;
        if (charCreateCallback_) {
            charCreateCallback_(pendingCharCreateSuccess_, pendingCharCreateMsg_);
        }
    }

    if (!socket) {
        return;
    }

    // Reset per-tick monster-move budget tracking (Classic/Turtle flood protection).
    monsterMovePacketsThisTick_ = 0;
    monsterMovePacketsDroppedThisTick_ = 0;

    // Update socket (processes incoming data and triggers callbacks)
    if (socket) {
        auto socketStart = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
        socket->update();
        float socketMs = std::chrono::duration<float, std::milli>(
            std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - socketStart).count();
        if (socketMs > 3.0f) {
            LOG_WARNING("SLOW socket->update: ", socketMs, "ms");
        }
    }

    {
        auto packetStart = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
        processQueuedIncomingPackets();
        float packetMs = std::chrono::duration<float, std::milli>(
            std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - packetStart).count();
        if (packetMs > 3.0f) {
            LOG_WARNING("SLOW queued packet handling: ", packetMs, "ms");
        }
    }

    // Drain pending async Warden response (built on background thread to avoid 5s stalls)
    if (wardenResponsePending_) {
        auto status = wardenPendingEncrypted_.wait_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(0));
        if (status == std::future_status::ready) {
            auto plaintext = wardenPendingEncrypted_.get();
            wardenResponsePending_ = false;
            if (!plaintext.empty() && wardenCrypto_) {
                std::vector<uint8_t> encrypted = wardenCrypto_->encrypt(plaintext);
                network::Packet response(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_WARDEN_DATA));
                for (uint8_t byte : encrypted) {
                    response.writeUInt8(byte);
                }
                if (socket && socket->isConnected()) {
                    socket->send(response);
                    LOG_WARNING("Warden: Sent async CHEAT_CHECKS_RESULT (", plaintext.size(), " bytes plaintext)");
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Detect RX silence (server stopped sending packets but TCP still open)
    if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD && socket && socket->isConnected() &&
        lastRxTime_.time_since_epoch().count() > 0) {
        auto silenceMs = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
            std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - lastRxTime_).count();
        if (silenceMs > 10000 && !rxSilenceLogged_) {
            rxSilenceLogged_ = true;
            LOG_WARNING("RX SILENCE: No packets from server for ", silenceMs, "ms — possible soft disconnect");
        }
        if (silenceMs > 15000 && silenceMs < 15500) {
            LOG_WARNING("RX SILENCE: 15s — server appears to have stopped sending");
        }
    }

    // Detect server-side disconnect (socket closed during update)
    if (socket && !socket->isConnected() && state != WorldState::DISCONNECTED) {
        if (pendingIncomingPackets_.empty() && pendingUpdateObjectWork_.empty()) {
            LOG_WARNING("Server closed connection in state: ", worldStateName(state));
            disconnect();
            return;
        }
        LOG_DEBUG("World socket closed with ", pendingIncomingPackets_.size(),
                  " queued packet(s) and ", pendingUpdateObjectWork_.size(),
                  " update-object batch(es) pending dispatch");
    }

    // Post-gate visibility: determine whether server goes silent or closes after Warden requirement.
    if (wardenGateSeen_ && socket && socket->isConnected()) {
        wardenGateElapsed_ += deltaTime;
        if (wardenGateElapsed_ >= wardenGateNextStatusLog_) {
            LOG_DEBUG("Warden gate status: elapsed=", wardenGateElapsed_,
                     "s connected=", socket->isConnected() ? "yes" : "no",
                     " packetsAfterGate=", wardenPacketsAfterGate_);
            wardenGateNextStatusLog_ += 30.0f;
        }
    }

    // Validate target still exists
    if (targetGuid != 0 && !entityManager.hasEntity(targetGuid)) {
        clearTarget();
    }

    if (auctionSearchDelayTimer_ > 0.0f) {
        auctionSearchDelayTimer_ -= deltaTime;
        if (auctionSearchDelayTimer_ < 0.0f) auctionSearchDelayTimer_ = 0.0f;
    }

    for (auto it = pendingQuestAcceptTimeouts_.begin(); it != pendingQuestAcceptTimeouts_.end();) {
        it->second -= deltaTime;
        if (it->second <= 0.0f) {
            const uint32_t questId = it->first;
            const uint64_t npcGuid = pendingQuestAcceptNpcGuids_.count(questId) != 0
                ? pendingQuestAcceptNpcGuids_[questId] : 0;
            triggerQuestAcceptResync(questId, npcGuid, "timeout");
            it = pendingQuestAcceptTimeouts_.erase(it);
            pendingQuestAcceptNpcGuids_.erase(questId);
        } else {
            ++it;
        }
    }

    if (pendingMoneyDeltaTimer_ > 0.0f) {
        pendingMoneyDeltaTimer_ -= deltaTime;
        if (pendingMoneyDeltaTimer_ <= 0.0f) {
            pendingMoneyDeltaTimer_ = 0.0f;
            pendingMoneyDelta_ = 0;
        }
    }
    if (autoAttackRangeWarnCooldown_ > 0.0f) {
        autoAttackRangeWarnCooldown_ = std::max(0.0f, autoAttackRangeWarnCooldown_ - deltaTime);
    }

    if (pendingLoginQuestResync_) {
        pendingLoginQuestResyncTimeout_ -= deltaTime;
        if (resyncQuestLogFromServerSlots(true)) {
            pendingLoginQuestResync_ = false;
            pendingLoginQuestResyncTimeout_ = 0.0f;
        } else if (pendingLoginQuestResyncTimeout_ <= 0.0f) {
            pendingLoginQuestResync_ = false;
            pendingLoginQuestResyncTimeout_ = 0.0f;
            LOG_WARNING("Quest login resync timed out waiting for player quest slot fields");
        }
    }

    for (auto it = pendingGameObjectLootRetries_.begin(); it != pendingGameObjectLootRetries_.end();) {
        it->timer -= deltaTime;
        if (it->timer <= 0.0f) {
            if (it->remainingRetries > 0 && state == WorldState::IN_WORLD && socket) {
                // Keep server-side position/facing fresh before retrying GO use.
                sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_HEARTBEAT);
                auto usePacket = GameObjectUsePacket::build(it->guid);
                socket->send(usePacket);
                if (it->sendLoot) {
                    auto lootPacket = LootPacket::build(it->guid);
                    socket->send(lootPacket);
                }
                --it->remainingRetries;
                it->timer = 0.20f;
            }
        }
        if (it->remainingRetries == 0) {
            it = pendingGameObjectLootRetries_.erase(it);
        } else {
            ++it;
        }
    }

    for (auto it = pendingGameObjectLootOpens_.begin(); it != pendingGameObjectLootOpens_.end();) {
        it->timer -= deltaTime;
        if (it->timer <= 0.0f) {
            if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD && socket) {
                // Avoid sending CMSG_LOOT while a timed cast is active (e.g. gathering).
                // handleSpellGo will trigger loot after the cast completes.
                if (casting && currentCastSpellId != 0) {
                    it->timer = 0.20f;
                    ++it;
                    continue;
                }
                lootTarget(it->guid);
            }
            it = pendingGameObjectLootOpens_.erase(it);
        } else {
            ++it;
        }
    }

    // Periodically re-query names for players whose initial CMSG_NAME_QUERY was
    // lost (server didn't respond) or whose entity was recreated while the query
    // was still pending. Runs every 5 seconds to keep overhead minimal.
    if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD && socket) {
        static float nameResyncTimer = 0.0f;
        nameResyncTimer += deltaTime;
        if (nameResyncTimer >= 5.0f) {
            nameResyncTimer = 0.0f;
            for (const auto& [guid, entity] : entityManager.getEntities()) {
                if (!entity || entity->getType() != ObjectType::PLAYER) continue;
                if (guid == playerGuid) continue;
                auto player = std::static_pointer_cast<Player>(entity);
                if (!player->getName().empty()) continue;
                if (playerNameCache.count(guid)) continue;
                if (pendingNameQueries.count(guid)) continue;
                // Player entity exists with empty name and no pending query — resend.
                LOG_DEBUG("Name resync: re-querying guid=0x", std::hex, guid, std::dec);
                pendingNameQueries.insert(guid);
                auto pkt = NameQueryPacket::build(guid);
                socket->send(pkt);
            }
        }
    }

    if (pendingLootMoneyNotifyTimer_ > 0.0f) {
        pendingLootMoneyNotifyTimer_ -= deltaTime;
        if (pendingLootMoneyNotifyTimer_ <= 0.0f) {
            pendingLootMoneyNotifyTimer_ = 0.0f;
            bool alreadyAnnounced = false;
            if (pendingLootMoneyGuid_ != 0) {
                auto it = localLootState_.find(pendingLootMoneyGuid_);
                if (it != localLootState_.end()) {
                    alreadyAnnounced = it->second.moneyTaken;
                    it->second.moneyTaken = true;
                }
            }
            if (!alreadyAnnounced && pendingLootMoneyAmount_ > 0) {
                addSystemChatMessage("Looted: " + formatCopperAmount(pendingLootMoneyAmount_));
                auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer();
                if (renderer) {
                    if (auto* sfx = renderer->getUiSoundManager()) {
                        if (pendingLootMoneyAmount_ >= 10000) {
                            sfx->playLootCoinLarge();
                        } else {
                            sfx->playLootCoinSmall();
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (pendingLootMoneyGuid_ != 0) {
                    recentLootMoneyAnnounceCooldowns_[pendingLootMoneyGuid_] = 1.5f;
                }
            }
            pendingLootMoneyGuid_ = 0;
            pendingLootMoneyAmount_ = 0;
        }
    }

    for (auto it = recentLootMoneyAnnounceCooldowns_.begin(); it != recentLootMoneyAnnounceCooldowns_.end();) {
        it->second -= deltaTime;
        if (it->second <= 0.0f) {
            it = recentLootMoneyAnnounceCooldowns_.erase(it);
        } else {
            ++it;
        }
    }

    // Auto-inspect throttling (fallback for player equipment visuals).
    if (inspectRateLimit_ > 0.0f) {
        inspectRateLimit_ = std::max(0.0f, inspectRateLimit_ - deltaTime);
    }
    if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD && socket && inspectRateLimit_ <= 0.0f && !pendingAutoInspect_.empty()) {
        uint64_t guid = *pendingAutoInspect_.begin();
        pendingAutoInspect_.erase(pendingAutoInspect_.begin());
        if (guid != 0 && guid != playerGuid && entityManager.hasEntity(guid)) {
            auto pkt = InspectPacket::build(guid);
            socket->send(pkt);
            inspectRateLimit_ = 2.0f; // throttle to avoid compositing stutter
            LOG_DEBUG("Sent CMSG_INSPECT for player 0x", std::hex, guid, std::dec);
        }
    }

    // Send periodic heartbeat if in world
    if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
        timeSinceLastPing += deltaTime;
        timeSinceLastMoveHeartbeat_ += deltaTime;

        const float currentPingInterval =
            (isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc")) ? 10.0f : pingInterval;
        if (timeSinceLastPing >= currentPingInterval) {
            if (socket) {
                sendPing();
            }
            timeSinceLastPing = 0.0f;
        }

        const bool classicLikeCombatSync =
            autoAttackRequested_ && (isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc"));
        const uint32_t locomotionFlags =
            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::FORWARD) |
            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::BACKWARD) |
            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::STRAFE_LEFT) |
            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::STRAFE_RIGHT) |
            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::TURN_LEFT) |
            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::TURN_RIGHT) |
            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::ASCENDING) |
            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::FALLING) |
            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::FALLINGFAR);
        const bool classicLikeStationaryCombatSync =
            classicLikeCombatSync &&
            !onTaxiFlight_ &&
            !taxiActivatePending_ &&
            !taxiClientActive_ &&
            (movementInfo.flags & locomotionFlags) == 0;
        float heartbeatInterval = (onTaxiFlight_ || taxiActivatePending_ || taxiClientActive_)
                                      ? 0.25f
                                      : (classicLikeStationaryCombatSync ? 0.75f
                                                                         : (classicLikeCombatSync ? 0.20f
                                                                                                  : moveHeartbeatInterval_));
        if (timeSinceLastMoveHeartbeat_ >= heartbeatInterval) {
            sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_HEARTBEAT);
            timeSinceLastMoveHeartbeat_ = 0.0f;
        }

        // Check area triggers (instance portals, tavern rests, etc.)
        areaTriggerCheckTimer_ += deltaTime;
        if (areaTriggerCheckTimer_ >= 0.25f) {
            areaTriggerCheckTimer_ = 0.0f;
            checkAreaTriggers();
        }

        // Update cast timer (Phase 3)
        if (pendingGameObjectInteractGuid_ != 0 &&
            (autoAttacking || autoAttackRequested_)) {
            pendingGameObjectInteractGuid_ = 0;
            casting = false;
            castIsChannel = false;
            currentCastSpellId = 0;
            castTimeRemaining = 0.0f;
            addUIError("Interrupted.");
            addSystemChatMessage("Interrupted.");
        }
        if (casting && castTimeRemaining > 0.0f) {
            castTimeRemaining -= deltaTime;
            if (castTimeRemaining <= 0.0f) {
                if (pendingGameObjectInteractGuid_ != 0) {
                    uint64_t interactGuid = pendingGameObjectInteractGuid_;
                    pendingGameObjectInteractGuid_ = 0;
                    performGameObjectInteractionNow(interactGuid);
                }
                casting = false;
                castIsChannel = false;
                currentCastSpellId = 0;
                castTimeRemaining = 0.0f;
            }
        }

        // Tick down all tracked unit cast bars
        for (auto it = unitCastStates_.begin(); it != unitCastStates_.end(); ) {
            auto& s = it->second;
            if (s.casting && s.timeRemaining > 0.0f) {
                s.timeRemaining -= deltaTime;
                if (s.timeRemaining <= 0.0f) {
                    it = unitCastStates_.erase(it);
                    continue;
                }
            }
            ++it;
        }

        // Update spell cooldowns (Phase 3)
        for (auto it = spellCooldowns.begin(); it != spellCooldowns.end(); ) {
            it->second -= deltaTime;
            if (it->second <= 0.0f) {
                it = spellCooldowns.erase(it);
            } else {
                ++it;
            }
        }

        // Update action bar cooldowns
        for (auto& slot : actionBar) {
            if (slot.cooldownRemaining > 0.0f) {
                slot.cooldownRemaining -= deltaTime;
                if (slot.cooldownRemaining < 0.0f) slot.cooldownRemaining = 0.0f;
            }
        }

        // Update combat text (Phase 2)
        updateCombatText(deltaTime);
        tickMinimapPings(deltaTime);

        // Tick logout countdown
        if (loggingOut_ && logoutCountdown_ > 0.0f) {
            logoutCountdown_ -= deltaTime;
            if (logoutCountdown_ < 0.0f) logoutCountdown_ = 0.0f;
        }

        // Update taxi landing cooldown
        if (taxiLandingCooldown_ > 0.0f) {
            taxiLandingCooldown_ -= deltaTime;
        }
        if (taxiStartGrace_ > 0.0f) {
            taxiStartGrace_ -= deltaTime;
        }
        if (playerTransportStickyTimer_ > 0.0f) {
            playerTransportStickyTimer_ -= deltaTime;
            if (playerTransportStickyTimer_ <= 0.0f) {
                playerTransportStickyTimer_ = 0.0f;
                playerTransportStickyGuid_ = 0;
            }
        }

        // Detect taxi flight landing: UNIT_FLAG_TAXI_FLIGHT (0x00000100) cleared
        if (onTaxiFlight_) {
            updateClientTaxi(deltaTime);
            auto playerEntity = entityManager.getEntity(playerGuid);
            auto unit = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Unit>(playerEntity);
            if (unit &&
                (unit->getUnitFlags() & 0x00000100) == 0 &&
                !taxiClientActive_ &&
                !taxiActivatePending_ &&
                taxiStartGrace_ <= 0.0f) {
                onTaxiFlight_ = false;
                taxiLandingCooldown_ = 2.0f;  // 2 second cooldown to prevent re-entering
                if (taxiMountActive_ && mountCallback_) {
                    mountCallback_(0);
                }
                taxiMountActive_ = false;
                taxiMountDisplayId_ = 0;
                currentMountDisplayId_ = 0;
                taxiClientActive_ = false;
                taxiClientPath_.clear();
                taxiRecoverPending_ = false;
                movementInfo.flags = 0;
                movementInfo.flags2 = 0;
                if (socket) {
                    sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP);
                    sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_HEARTBEAT);
                }
                LOG_INFO("Taxi flight landed");
            }
        }

        // Safety: if taxi flight ended but mount is still active, force dismount.
        // Guard against transient taxi-state flicker.
        if (!onTaxiFlight_ && taxiMountActive_) {
            bool serverStillTaxi = false;
            auto playerEntity = entityManager.getEntity(playerGuid);
            auto playerUnit = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Unit>(playerEntity);
            if (playerUnit) {
                serverStillTaxi = (playerUnit->getUnitFlags() & 0x00000100) != 0;
            }

            if (taxiStartGrace_ > 0.0f || serverStillTaxi || taxiClientActive_ || taxiActivatePending_) {
                onTaxiFlight_ = true;
            } else {
                if (mountCallback_) mountCallback_(0);
                taxiMountActive_ = false;
                taxiMountDisplayId_ = 0;
                currentMountDisplayId_ = 0;
                movementInfo.flags = 0;
                movementInfo.flags2 = 0;
                if (socket) {
                    sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP);
                    sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_HEARTBEAT);
                }
                LOG_INFO("Taxi dismount cleanup");
            }
        }

        // Keep non-taxi mount state server-authoritative.
        // Some server paths don't emit explicit mount field updates in lockstep
        // with local visual state changes, so reconcile continuously.
        if (!onTaxiFlight_ && !taxiMountActive_) {
            auto playerEntity = entityManager.getEntity(playerGuid);
            auto playerUnit = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Unit>(playerEntity);
            if (playerUnit) {
                uint32_t serverMountDisplayId = playerUnit->getMountDisplayId();
                if (serverMountDisplayId != currentMountDisplayId_) {
                    LOG_INFO("Mount reconcile: server=", serverMountDisplayId,
                             " local=", currentMountDisplayId_);
                    currentMountDisplayId_ = serverMountDisplayId;
                    if (mountCallback_) {
                        mountCallback_(serverMountDisplayId);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (taxiRecoverPending_ && state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
            auto playerEntity = entityManager.getEntity(playerGuid);
            if (playerEntity) {
                playerEntity->setPosition(taxiRecoverPos_.x, taxiRecoverPos_.y,
                                          taxiRecoverPos_.z, movementInfo.orientation);
                movementInfo.x = taxiRecoverPos_.x;
                movementInfo.y = taxiRecoverPos_.y;
                movementInfo.z = taxiRecoverPos_.z;
                if (socket) {
                    sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_HEARTBEAT);
                }
                taxiRecoverPending_ = false;
                LOG_INFO("Taxi recovery applied");
            }
        }

        if (taxiActivatePending_) {
            taxiActivateTimer_ += deltaTime;
            if (taxiActivateTimer_ > 5.0f) {
                // If client taxi simulation is already active, server reply may be missing/late.
                // Do not cancel the flight in that case; clear pending state and continue.
                if (onTaxiFlight_ || taxiClientActive_ || taxiMountActive_) {
                    taxiActivatePending_ = false;
                    taxiActivateTimer_ = 0.0f;
                } else {
                taxiActivatePending_ = false;
                taxiActivateTimer_ = 0.0f;
                if (taxiMountActive_ && mountCallback_) {
                    mountCallback_(0);
                }
                taxiMountActive_ = false;
                taxiMountDisplayId_ = 0;
                taxiClientActive_ = false;
                taxiClientPath_.clear();
                onTaxiFlight_ = false;
                LOG_WARNING("Taxi activation timed out");
                }
            }
        }

        // Update transport manager
        if (transportManager_) {
            transportManager_->update(deltaTime);
            updateAttachedTransportChildren(deltaTime);
        }

        // Leave combat if auto-attack target is too far away (leash range)
        // and keep melee intent tightly synced while stationary.
        if (autoAttackRequested_ && autoAttackTarget != 0) {
            auto targetEntity = entityManager.getEntity(autoAttackTarget);
            if (targetEntity) {
                // Use latest server-authoritative target position to avoid stale
                // interpolation snapshots masking out-of-range states.
                const float targetX = targetEntity->getLatestX();
                const float targetY = targetEntity->getLatestY();
                const float targetZ = targetEntity->getLatestZ();
                float dx = movementInfo.x - targetX;
                float dy = movementInfo.y - targetY;
                float dz = movementInfo.z - targetZ;
                float dist = std::sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
                float dist3d = std::sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz);
                const bool classicLike = isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc");
                if (dist > 40.0f) {
                    stopAutoAttack();
                    LOG_INFO("Left combat: target too far (", dist, " yards)");
                } else if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD && socket) {
                    bool allowResync = true;
                    const float meleeRange = classicLike ? 5.25f : 5.75f;
                    if (dist3d > meleeRange) {
                        autoAttackOutOfRange_ = true;
                        autoAttackOutOfRangeTime_ += deltaTime;
                        if (autoAttackRangeWarnCooldown_ <= 0.0f) {
                            addSystemChatMessage("Target is too far away.");
                            addUIError("Target is too far away.");
                            autoAttackRangeWarnCooldown_ = 1.25f;
                        }
                        // Stop chasing stale swings when the target remains out of range.
                        if (autoAttackOutOfRangeTime_ > 2.0f && dist3d > 9.0f) {
                            stopAutoAttack();
                            addSystemChatMessage("Auto-attack stopped: target out of range.");
                            allowResync = false;
                        }
                    } else {
                        autoAttackOutOfRange_ = false;
                        autoAttackOutOfRangeTime_ = 0.0f;
                    }

                    if (allowResync) {
                        autoAttackResendTimer_ += deltaTime;
                        autoAttackFacingSyncTimer_ += deltaTime;

                        // Classic/Turtle servers do not tolerate steady attack-start
                        // reissues well. Only retry once after local start or an
                        // explicit server-side attack stop while intent is still set.
                        const float resendInterval = classicLike ? 1.0f : 0.50f;
                        if (!autoAttacking && !autoAttackOutOfRange_ && autoAttackRetryPending_ &&
                            autoAttackResendTimer_ >= resendInterval) {
                            autoAttackResendTimer_ = 0.0f;
                            autoAttackRetryPending_ = false;
                            auto pkt = AttackSwingPacket::build(autoAttackTarget);
                            socket->send(pkt);
                        }

                        // Keep server-facing aligned while trying to acquire melee.
                        // Once the server confirms auto-attack, rely on explicit
                        // bad-facing feedback instead of periodic steady-state facing spam.
                        const float facingSyncInterval = classicLike ? 0.25f : 0.20f;
                        const bool allowPeriodicFacingSync = !classicLike || !autoAttacking;
                        if (allowPeriodicFacingSync &&
                            autoAttackFacingSyncTimer_ >= facingSyncInterval) {
                            autoAttackFacingSyncTimer_ = 0.0f;
                            float toTargetX = targetX - movementInfo.x;
                            float toTargetY = targetY - movementInfo.y;
                            if (std::abs(toTargetX) > 0.01f || std::abs(toTargetY) > 0.01f) {
                                float desired = std::atan2(-toTargetY, toTargetX);
                                float diff = desired - movementInfo.orientation;
                                while (diff > static_cast<float>(M_PI)) diff -= 2.0f * static_cast<float>(M_PI);
                                while (diff < -static_cast<float>(M_PI)) diff += 2.0f * static_cast<float>(M_PI);
                                const float facingThreshold = classicLike ? 0.035f : 0.12f; // ~2deg / ~7deg
                                if (std::abs(diff) > facingThreshold) {
                                    movementInfo.orientation = desired;
                                    sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_FACING);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Keep active melee attackers visually facing the player as positions change.
        // Some servers don't stream frequent orientation updates during combat.
        if (!hostileAttackers_.empty()) {
            for (uint64_t attackerGuid : hostileAttackers_) {
                auto attacker = entityManager.getEntity(attackerGuid);
                if (!attacker) continue;
                float dx = movementInfo.x - attacker->getX();
                float dy = movementInfo.y - attacker->getY();
                if (std::abs(dx) < 0.01f && std::abs(dy) < 0.01f) continue;
                attacker->setOrientation(std::atan2(-dy, dx));
            }
        }

        // Close vendor/gossip/taxi window if player walks too far from NPC
        if (vendorWindowOpen && currentVendorItems.vendorGuid != 0) {
            auto npc = entityManager.getEntity(currentVendorItems.vendorGuid);
            if (npc) {
                float dx = movementInfo.x - npc->getX();
                float dy = movementInfo.y - npc->getY();
                float dist = std::sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
                if (dist > 15.0f) {
                    closeVendor();
                    LOG_INFO("Vendor closed: walked too far from NPC");
                }
            }
        }
        if (gossipWindowOpen && currentGossip.npcGuid != 0) {
            auto npc = entityManager.getEntity(currentGossip.npcGuid);
            if (npc) {
                float dx = movementInfo.x - npc->getX();
                float dy = movementInfo.y - npc->getY();
                float dist = std::sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
                if (dist > 15.0f) {
                    closeGossip();
                    LOG_INFO("Gossip closed: walked too far from NPC");
                }
            }
        }
        if (taxiWindowOpen_ && taxiNpcGuid_ != 0) {
            auto npc = entityManager.getEntity(taxiNpcGuid_);
            if (npc) {
                float dx = movementInfo.x - npc->getX();
                float dy = movementInfo.y - npc->getY();
                float dist = std::sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
                if (dist > 15.0f) {
                    closeTaxi();
                    LOG_INFO("Taxi window closed: walked too far from NPC");
                }
            }
        }
        if (trainerWindowOpen_ && currentTrainerList_.trainerGuid != 0) {
            auto npc = entityManager.getEntity(currentTrainerList_.trainerGuid);
            if (npc) {
                float dx = movementInfo.x - npc->getX();
                float dy = movementInfo.y - npc->getY();
                float dist = std::sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
                if (dist > 15.0f) {
                    closeTrainer();
                    LOG_INFO("Trainer closed: walked too far from NPC");
                }
            }
        }

        // Update entity movement interpolation (keeps targeting in sync with visuals)
        // Only update entities within reasonable distance for performance
        const float updateRadiusSq = 150.0f * 150.0f;  // 150 unit radius
        auto playerEntity = entityManager.getEntity(playerGuid);
        glm::vec3 playerPos = playerEntity ? glm::vec3(playerEntity->getX(), playerEntity->getY(), playerEntity->getZ()) : glm::vec3(0.0f);

        for (auto& [guid, entity] : entityManager.getEntities()) {
            // Always update player
            if (guid == playerGuid) {
                entity->updateMovement(deltaTime);
                continue;
            }
            // Keep selected/engaged target interpolation exact for UI targeting circle.
            if (guid == targetGuid || guid == autoAttackTarget) {
                entity->updateMovement(deltaTime);
                continue;
            }

            // Distance cull other entities (use latest position to avoid culling by stale origin)
            glm::vec3 entityPos(entity->getLatestX(), entity->getLatestY(), entity->getLatestZ());
            float distSq = glm::dot(entityPos - playerPos, entityPos - playerPos);
            if (distSq < updateRadiusSq) {
                entity->updateMovement(deltaTime);
            }
        }

    }
}

void GameHandler::handlePacket(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() < 1) {
        LOG_DEBUG("Received empty world packet (ignored)");
        return;
    }

    uint16_t opcode = packet.getOpcode();
    try {

    const bool allowVanillaAliases = isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc");

    // Vanilla compatibility aliases:
    // - 0x006B: can be SMSG_COMPRESSED_MOVES on some vanilla-family servers
    //           and SMSG_WEATHER on others
    // - 0x0103: SMSG_PLAY_MUSIC (some vanilla-family servers)
    //
    // We gate these by payload shape so expansion-native mappings remain intact.
    if (allowVanillaAliases && opcode == 0x006B) {
        // Try compressed movement batch first:
        // [u8 subSize][u16 subOpcode][subPayload...] ...
        // where subOpcode is typically SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE / SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE_TRANSPORT.
        const auto& data = packet.getData();
        if (packet.getReadPos() + 3 <= data.size()) {
            size_t pos = packet.getReadPos();
            uint8_t subSize = data[pos];
            if (subSize >= 2 && pos + 1 + subSize <= data.size()) {
                uint16_t subOpcode = static_cast<uint16_t>(data[pos + 1]) |
                                     (static_cast<uint16_t>(data[pos + 2]) << 8);
                uint16_t monsterMoveWire = wireOpcode(Opcode::SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE);
                uint16_t monsterMoveTransportWire = wireOpcode(Opcode::SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE_TRANSPORT);
                if ((monsterMoveWire != 0xFFFF && subOpcode == monsterMoveWire) ||
                    (monsterMoveTransportWire != 0xFFFF && subOpcode == monsterMoveTransportWire)) {
                    LOG_INFO("Opcode 0x006B interpreted as SMSG_COMPRESSED_MOVES (subOpcode=0x",
                             std::hex, subOpcode, std::dec, ")");
                    handleCompressedMoves(packet);
                    return;
                }
            }
        }

        // Expected weather payload: uint32 weatherType, float intensity, uint8 abrupt
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 9) {
            uint32_t wType = packet.readUInt32();
            float wIntensity = packet.readFloat();
            uint8_t abrupt = packet.readUInt8();
            bool plausibleWeather =
                (wType <= 3) &&
                std::isfinite(wIntensity) &&
                (wIntensity >= 0.0f && wIntensity <= 1.5f) &&
                (abrupt <= 1);
            if (plausibleWeather) {
                weatherType_ = wType;
                weatherIntensity_ = wIntensity;
                const char* typeName =
                    (wType == 1) ? "Rain" :
                    (wType == 2) ? "Snow" :
                    (wType == 3) ? "Storm" : "Clear";
                LOG_INFO("Weather changed (0x006B alias): type=", wType,
                         " (", typeName, "), intensity=", wIntensity,
                         ", abrupt=", static_cast<int>(abrupt));
                return;
            }
            // Not weather-shaped: rewind and fall through to normal opcode table handling.
            packet.setReadPos(0);
        }
    } else if (allowVanillaAliases && opcode == 0x0103) {
        // Expected play-music payload: uint32 sound/music id
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() == 4) {
            uint32_t soundId = packet.readUInt32();
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_PLAY_MUSIC (0x0103 alias): soundId=", soundId);
            if (playMusicCallback_) playMusicCallback_(soundId);
            return;
        }
    } else if (opcode == 0x0480) {
        // Observed on this WotLK profile immediately after CMSG_BUYBACK_ITEM.
        // Treat as vendor/buyback transaction result (7-byte payload on this core).
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 7) {
            uint8_t opType = packet.readUInt8();
            uint8_t resultCode = packet.readUInt8();
            uint8_t slotOrCount = packet.readUInt8();
            uint32_t itemId = packet.readUInt32();
            LOG_INFO("Vendor txn result (0x480): opType=", static_cast<int>(opType),
                     " result=", static_cast<int>(resultCode),
                     " slot/count=", static_cast<int>(slotOrCount),
                     " itemId=", itemId,
                     " pendingBuybackSlot=", pendingBuybackSlot_,
                     " pendingBuyItemId=", pendingBuyItemId_,
                     " pendingBuyItemSlot=", pendingBuyItemSlot_);

            if (pendingBuybackSlot_ >= 0) {
                if (resultCode == 0) {
                    // Success: remove the bought-back slot from our local UI cache.
                    if (pendingBuybackSlot_ < static_cast<int>(buybackItems_.size())) {
                        buybackItems_.erase(buybackItems_.begin() + pendingBuybackSlot_);
                    }
                } else {
                    const char* msg = "Buyback failed.";
                    // Best-effort mapping; keep raw code visible for unknowns.
                    switch (resultCode) {
                        case 2: msg = "Buyback failed: not enough money."; break;
                        case 4: msg = "Buyback failed: vendor too far away."; break;
                        case 5: msg = "Buyback failed: item unavailable."; break;
                        case 6: msg = "Buyback failed: inventory full."; break;
                        case 8: msg = "Buyback failed: requirements not met."; break;
                        default: break;
                    }
                    addSystemChatMessage(std::string(msg) + " (code " + std::to_string(resultCode) + ")");
                }
                pendingBuybackSlot_ = -1;
                pendingBuybackWireSlot_ = 0;

                // Refresh vendor list so UI state stays in sync after buyback result.
                if (currentVendorItems.vendorGuid != 0 && socket && state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
                    auto pkt = ListInventoryPacket::build(currentVendorItems.vendorGuid);
                    socket->send(pkt);
                }
            } else if (pendingBuyItemId_ != 0) {
                if (resultCode != 0) {
                    const char* msg = "Purchase failed.";
                    switch (resultCode) {
                        case 2: msg = "Purchase failed: not enough money."; break;
                        case 4: msg = "Purchase failed: vendor too far away."; break;
                        case 5: msg = "Purchase failed: item sold out."; break;
                        case 6: msg = "Purchase failed: inventory full."; break;
                        case 8: msg = "Purchase failed: requirements not met."; break;
                        default: break;
                    }
                    addSystemChatMessage(std::string(msg) + " (code " + std::to_string(resultCode) + ")");
                }
                pendingBuyItemId_ = 0;
                pendingBuyItemSlot_ = 0;
            }
            return;
        }
    } else if (opcode == 0x046A) {
        // Server-specific vendor/buyback state packet (observed 25-byte records).
        // Consume to keep stream aligned; currently not used for gameplay logic.
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 25) {
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getReadPos() + 25);
            return;
        }
    }

    auto preLogicalOp = opcodeTable_.fromWire(opcode);
    if (wardenGateSeen_ && (!preLogicalOp || *preLogicalOp != Opcode::SMSG_WARDEN_DATA)) {
        ++wardenPacketsAfterGate_;
    }
    if (preLogicalOp && isAuthCharPipelineOpcode(*preLogicalOp)) {
        LOG_DEBUG("AUTH/CHAR RX opcode=0x", std::hex, opcode, std::dec,
                 " state=", worldStateName(state),
                 " size=", packet.getSize());
    }

    LOG_DEBUG("Received world packet: opcode=0x", std::hex, opcode, std::dec,
              " size=", packet.getSize(), " bytes");

    // Translate wire opcode to logical opcode via expansion table
    auto logicalOp = opcodeTable_.fromWire(opcode);

    if (!logicalOp) {
        static std::unordered_set<uint16_t> loggedUnknownWireOpcodes;
        if (loggedUnknownWireOpcodes.insert(opcode).second) {
            LOG_WARNING("Unhandled world opcode: 0x", std::hex, opcode, std::dec,
                        " state=", static_cast<int>(state),
                        " size=", packet.getSize());
        }
        return;
    }

    switch (*logicalOp) {
        case Opcode::SMSG_AUTH_CHALLENGE:
            if (state == WorldState::CONNECTED) {
                handleAuthChallenge(packet);
            } else {
                LOG_WARNING("Unexpected SMSG_AUTH_CHALLENGE in state: ", worldStateName(state));
            }
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_AUTH_RESPONSE:
            if (state == WorldState::AUTH_SENT) {
                handleAuthResponse(packet);
            } else {
                LOG_WARNING("Unexpected SMSG_AUTH_RESPONSE in state: ", worldStateName(state));
            }
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_CHAR_CREATE:
            handleCharCreateResponse(packet);
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_CHAR_DELETE: {
            uint8_t result = packet.readUInt8();
            lastCharDeleteResult_ = result;
            bool success = (result == 0x00 || result == 0x47); // Common success codes
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_CHAR_DELETE result: ", (int)result, success ? " (success)" : " (failed)");
            requestCharacterList();
            if (charDeleteCallback_) charDeleteCallback_(success);
            break;
        }

        case Opcode::SMSG_CHAR_ENUM:
            if (state == WorldState::CHAR_LIST_REQUESTED) {
                handleCharEnum(packet);
            } else {
                LOG_WARNING("Unexpected SMSG_CHAR_ENUM in state: ", worldStateName(state));
            }
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_CHARACTER_LOGIN_FAILED:
            handleCharLoginFailed(packet);
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_LOGIN_VERIFY_WORLD:
            if (state == WorldState::ENTERING_WORLD || state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
                handleLoginVerifyWorld(packet);
            } else {
                LOG_WARNING("Unexpected SMSG_LOGIN_VERIFY_WORLD in state: ", worldStateName(state));
            }
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_LOGIN_SETTIMESPEED:
            // Can be received during login or at any time after
            handleLoginSetTimeSpeed(packet);
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_CLIENTCACHE_VERSION:
            // Early pre-world packet in some realms (e.g. Warmane profile)
            handleClientCacheVersion(packet);
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_TUTORIAL_FLAGS:
            // Often sent during char-list stage (8x uint32 tutorial flags)
            handleTutorialFlags(packet);
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_WARDEN_DATA:
            handleWardenData(packet);
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_ACCOUNT_DATA_TIMES:
            // Can be received at any time after authentication
            handleAccountDataTimes(packet);
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_MOTD:
            // Can be received at any time after entering world
            handleMotd(packet);
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_NOTIFICATION:
            // Vanilla/Classic server notification (single string)
            handleNotification(packet);
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_PONG:
            // Can be received at any time after entering world
            handlePong(packet);
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_UPDATE_OBJECT:
            LOG_DEBUG("Received SMSG_UPDATE_OBJECT, state=", static_cast<int>(state), " size=", packet.getSize());
            // Can be received after entering world
            if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
                handleUpdateObject(packet);
            }
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_COMPRESSED_UPDATE_OBJECT:
            LOG_DEBUG("Received SMSG_COMPRESSED_UPDATE_OBJECT, state=", static_cast<int>(state), " size=", packet.getSize());
            // Compressed version of UPDATE_OBJECT
            if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
                handleCompressedUpdateObject(packet);
            }
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_DESTROY_OBJECT:
            // Can be received after entering world
            if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
                handleDestroyObject(packet);
            }
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_MESSAGECHAT:
            // Can be received after entering world
            if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
                handleMessageChat(packet);
            }
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_GM_MESSAGECHAT:
            // GM → player message: same wire format as SMSG_MESSAGECHAT
            if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
                handleMessageChat(packet);
            }
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_TEXT_EMOTE:
            if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
                handleTextEmote(packet);
            }
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_EMOTE: {
            if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD) break;
            // SMSG_EMOTE: uint32 emoteAnim, uint64 sourceGuid
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 12) break;
            uint32_t emoteAnim = packet.readUInt32();
            uint64_t sourceGuid = packet.readUInt64();
            if (emoteAnimCallback_ && sourceGuid != 0) {
                emoteAnimCallback_(sourceGuid, emoteAnim);
            }
            break;
        }

        case Opcode::SMSG_CHANNEL_NOTIFY:
            // Accept during ENTERING_WORLD too — server auto-joins channels before VERIFY_WORLD
            if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD || state == WorldState::ENTERING_WORLD) {
                handleChannelNotify(packet);
            }
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_CHAT_PLAYER_NOT_FOUND: {
            // string: name of the player not found (for failed whispers)
            std::string name = packet.readString();
            if (!name.empty()) {
                addSystemChatMessage("No player named '" + name + "' is currently playing.");
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_CHAT_PLAYER_AMBIGUOUS: {
            // string: ambiguous player name (multiple matches)
            std::string name = packet.readString();
            if (!name.empty()) {
                addSystemChatMessage("Player name '" + name + "' is ambiguous.");
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_CHAT_WRONG_FACTION:
            addUIError("You cannot send messages to members of that faction.");
            addSystemChatMessage("You cannot send messages to members of that faction.");
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_CHAT_NOT_IN_PARTY:
            addUIError("You are not in a party.");
            addSystemChatMessage("You are not in a party.");
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_CHAT_RESTRICTED:
            addUIError("You cannot send chat messages in this area.");
            addSystemChatMessage("You cannot send chat messages in this area.");
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_QUERY_TIME_RESPONSE:
            if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
                handleQueryTimeResponse(packet);
            }
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_PLAYED_TIME:
            if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
                handlePlayedTime(packet);
            }
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_WHO:
            if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
                handleWho(packet);
            }
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_WHOIS: {
            // GM/admin response to /whois command: cstring with account/IP info
            // Format: string (the whois result text, typically "Name: ...\nAccount: ...\nIP: ...")
            if (packet.getReadPos() < packet.getSize()) {
                std::string whoisText = packet.readString();
                if (!whoisText.empty()) {
                    // Display each line of the whois response in system chat
                    std::string line;
                    for (char c : whoisText) {
                        if (c == '\n') {
                            if (!line.empty()) addSystemChatMessage("[Whois] " + line);
                            line.clear();
                        } else {
                            line += c;
                        }
                    }
                    if (!line.empty()) addSystemChatMessage("[Whois] " + line);
                    LOG_INFO("SMSG_WHOIS: ", whoisText);
                }
            }
            break;
        }

        case Opcode::SMSG_FRIEND_STATUS:
            if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
                handleFriendStatus(packet);
            }
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_CONTACT_LIST:
            handleContactList(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_FRIEND_LIST:
            // Classic 1.12 and TBC friend list (WotLK uses SMSG_CONTACT_LIST instead)
            handleFriendList(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_IGNORE_LIST: {
            // uint8 count + count × (uint64 guid + string name)
            // Populate ignoreCache so /unignore works for pre-existing ignores.
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) break;
            uint8_t ignCount = packet.readUInt8();
            for (uint8_t i = 0; i < ignCount; ++i) {
                if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) break;
                uint64_t ignGuid = packet.readUInt64();
                std::string ignName = packet.readString();
                if (!ignName.empty() && ignGuid != 0) {
                    ignoreCache[ignName] = ignGuid;
                }
            }
            LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_IGNORE_LIST: loaded ", (int)ignCount, " ignored players");
            break;
        }

        case Opcode::MSG_RANDOM_ROLL:
            if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
                handleRandomRoll(packet);
            }
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_ITEM_PUSH_RESULT: {
            // Item received notification (loot, quest reward, trade, etc.)
            // guid(8) + received(1) + created(1) + showInChat(1) + bagSlot(1) + itemSlot(4)
            // + itemId(4) + itemSuffixFactor(4) + randomPropertyId(4) + count(4) + totalCount(4)
            constexpr size_t kMinSize = 8 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4;
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= kMinSize) {
                /*uint64_t recipientGuid =*/ packet.readUInt64();
                /*uint8_t received =*/ packet.readUInt8();   // 0=looted/generated, 1=received from trade
                /*uint8_t created =*/ packet.readUInt8();    // 0=stack added, 1=new item slot
                uint8_t showInChat = packet.readUInt8();
                /*uint8_t bagSlot =*/ packet.readUInt8();
                /*uint32_t itemSlot =*/ packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t itemId = packet.readUInt32();
                /*uint32_t suffixFactor =*/ packet.readUInt32();
                /*int32_t randomProp =*/ static_cast<int32_t>(packet.readUInt32());
                uint32_t count = packet.readUInt32();
                /*uint32_t totalCount =*/ packet.readUInt32();

                queryItemInfo(itemId, 0);
                if (showInChat) {
                    std::string itemName = "item #" + std::to_string(itemId);
                    uint32_t quality = 1;  // white default
                    if (const ItemQueryResponseData* info = getItemInfo(itemId)) {
                        if (!info->name.empty()) itemName = info->name;
                        quality = info->quality;
                    }
                    std::string link = buildItemLink(itemId, quality, itemName);
                    std::string msg = "Received: " + link;
                    if (count > 1) msg += " x" + std::to_string(count);
                    addSystemChatMessage(msg);
                    if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
                        if (auto* sfx = renderer->getUiSoundManager())
                            sfx->playLootItem();
                    }
                    if (itemLootCallback_) {
                        itemLootCallback_(itemId, count, quality, itemName);
                    }
                }
                LOG_INFO("Item push: itemId=", itemId, " count=", count,
                         " showInChat=", static_cast<int>(showInChat));
            }
            break;
        }

        case Opcode::SMSG_LOGOUT_RESPONSE:
            handleLogoutResponse(packet);
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_LOGOUT_COMPLETE:
            handleLogoutComplete(packet);
            break;

        // ---- Phase 1: Foundation ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_NAME_QUERY_RESPONSE:
            handleNameQueryResponse(packet);
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_CREATURE_QUERY_RESPONSE:
            handleCreatureQueryResponse(packet);
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_ITEM_QUERY_SINGLE_RESPONSE:
            handleItemQueryResponse(packet);
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_INSPECT_TALENT:
            handleInspectResults(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_ADDON_INFO:
        case Opcode::SMSG_EXPECTED_SPAM_RECORDS:
            // Optional system payloads that are safe to consume.
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        // ---- XP ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_LOG_XPGAIN:
            handleXpGain(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_EXPLORATION_EXPERIENCE: {
            // uint32 areaId + uint32 xpGained
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
                uint32_t areaId   = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t xpGained = packet.readUInt32();
                if (xpGained > 0) {
                    std::string areaName = getAreaName(areaId);
                    std::string msg;
                    if (!areaName.empty()) {
                        msg = "Discovered " + areaName + "! Gained " +
                              std::to_string(xpGained) + " experience.";
                    } else {
                        char buf[128];
                        std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                                      "Discovered new area! Gained %u experience.", xpGained);
                        msg = buf;
                    }
                    addSystemChatMessage(msg);
                    addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::XP_GAIN,
                                  static_cast<int32_t>(xpGained), 0, true);
                    // XP is updated via PLAYER_XP update fields from the server.
                    if (areaDiscoveryCallback_)
                        areaDiscoveryCallback_(areaName, xpGained);
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_PET_TAME_FAILURE: {
            // uint8 reason: 0=invalid_creature, 1=too_many_pets, 2=already_tamed, etc.
            const char* reasons[] = {
                "Invalid creature", "Too many pets", "Already tamed",
                "Wrong faction", "Level too low", "Creature not tameable",
                "Can't control", "Can't command"
            };
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
                uint8_t reason = packet.readUInt8();
                const char* msg = (reason < 8) ? reasons[reason] : "Unknown reason";
                std::string s = std::string("Failed to tame: ") + msg;
                addUIError(s);
                addSystemChatMessage(s);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_PET_ACTION_FEEDBACK: {
            // uint8 msg: 1=dead, 2=nothing_to_attack, 3=cant_attack_target,
            //            4=target_too_far, 5=no_path, 6=cant_attack_immune
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) break;
            uint8_t msg = packet.readUInt8();
            static const char* kPetFeedback[] = {
                nullptr,
                "Your pet is dead.",
                "Your pet has nothing to attack.",
                "Your pet cannot attack that target.",
                "That target is too far away.",
                "Your pet cannot find a path to the target.",
                "Your pet cannot attack an immune target.",
            };
            if (msg > 0 && msg < 7 && kPetFeedback[msg]) {
                addSystemChatMessage(kPetFeedback[msg]);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_PET_NAME_QUERY_RESPONSE: {
            // uint32 petNumber + string name + uint32 timestamp + bool declined
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());  // Consume; pet names shown via unit objects.
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUESTUPDATE_FAILED: {
            // uint32 questId
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t questId = packet.readUInt32();
                std::string questTitle;
                for (const auto& q : questLog_)
                    if (q.questId == questId && !q.title.empty()) { questTitle = q.title; break; }
                addSystemChatMessage(questTitle.empty()
                    ? std::string("Quest failed!")
                    : ('"' + questTitle + "\" failed!"));
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUESTUPDATE_FAILEDTIMER: {
            // uint32 questId
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t questId = packet.readUInt32();
                std::string questTitle;
                for (const auto& q : questLog_)
                    if (q.questId == questId && !q.title.empty()) { questTitle = q.title; break; }
                addSystemChatMessage(questTitle.empty()
                    ? std::string("Quest timed out!")
                    : ('"' + questTitle + "\" has timed out."));
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Entity health/power delta updates ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_HEALTH_UPDATE: {
            // WotLK: packed_guid + uint32 health
            // TBC: full uint64 + uint32 health
            // Classic/Vanilla: packed_guid + uint32 health (same as WotLK)
            const bool huTbc = isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (huTbc ? 8u : 2u)) break;
            uint64_t guid = huTbc
                ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
            uint32_t hp = packet.readUInt32();
            auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(guid);
            if (auto* unit = dynamic_cast<Unit*>(entity.get())) {
                unit->setHealth(hp);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_POWER_UPDATE: {
            // WotLK: packed_guid + uint8 powerType + uint32 value
            // TBC: full uint64 + uint8 powerType + uint32 value
            // Classic/Vanilla: packed_guid + uint8 powerType + uint32 value (same as WotLK)
            const bool puTbc = isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (puTbc ? 8u : 2u)) break;
            uint64_t guid = puTbc
                ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 5) break;
            uint8_t  powerType = packet.readUInt8();
            uint32_t value     = packet.readUInt32();
            auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(guid);
            if (auto* unit = dynamic_cast<Unit*>(entity.get())) {
                unit->setPowerByType(powerType, value);
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- World state single update ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_UPDATE_WORLD_STATE: {
            // uint32 field + uint32 value
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) break;
            uint32_t field = packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t value = packet.readUInt32();
            worldStates_[field] = value;
            LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_UPDATE_WORLD_STATE: field=", field, " value=", value);
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_WORLD_STATE_UI_TIMER_UPDATE: {
            // uint32 time (server unix timestamp) — used to sync UI timers (arena, BG)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t serverTime = packet.readUInt32();
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_WORLD_STATE_UI_TIMER_UPDATE: serverTime=", serverTime);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_PVP_CREDIT: {
            // uint32 honorPoints + uint64 victimGuid + uint32 victimRank
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 16) {
                uint32_t honor      = packet.readUInt32();
                uint64_t victimGuid = packet.readUInt64();
                uint32_t rank       = packet.readUInt32();
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_PVP_CREDIT: honor=", honor, " victim=0x", std::hex, victimGuid,
                         std::dec, " rank=", rank);
                std::string msg = "You gain " + std::to_string(honor) + " honor points.";
                addSystemChatMessage(msg);
                if (honor > 0)
                    addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::HONOR_GAIN, static_cast<int32_t>(honor), 0, true);
                if (pvpHonorCallback_) {
                    pvpHonorCallback_(honor, victimGuid, rank);
                }
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Combo points ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_UPDATE_COMBO_POINTS: {
            // WotLK: packed_guid (target) + uint8 points
            // TBC: full uint64 (target) + uint8 points
            // Classic/Vanilla: packed_guid (target) + uint8 points (same as WotLK)
            const bool cpTbc = isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (cpTbc ? 8u : 2u)) break;
            uint64_t target = cpTbc
                ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) break;
            comboPoints_ = packet.readUInt8();
            comboTarget_ = target;
            LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_UPDATE_COMBO_POINTS: target=0x", std::hex, target,
                      std::dec, " points=", static_cast<int>(comboPoints_));
            break;
        }

        // ---- Mirror timers (breath/fatigue/feign death) ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_START_MIRROR_TIMER: {
            // uint32 type + int32 value + int32 maxValue + int32 scale + uint32 tracker + uint8 paused
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 21) break;
            uint32_t type  = packet.readUInt32();
            int32_t  value = static_cast<int32_t>(packet.readUInt32());
            int32_t  maxV  = static_cast<int32_t>(packet.readUInt32());
            int32_t  scale = static_cast<int32_t>(packet.readUInt32());
            /*uint32_t tracker =*/ packet.readUInt32();
            uint8_t  paused = packet.readUInt8();
            if (type < 3) {
                mirrorTimers_[type].value    = value;
                mirrorTimers_[type].maxValue = maxV;
                mirrorTimers_[type].scale    = scale;
                mirrorTimers_[type].paused   = (paused != 0);
                mirrorTimers_[type].active   = true;
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_STOP_MIRROR_TIMER: {
            // uint32 type
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
            uint32_t type = packet.readUInt32();
            if (type < 3) {
                mirrorTimers_[type].active = false;
                mirrorTimers_[type].value  = 0;
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_PAUSE_MIRROR_TIMER: {
            // uint32 type + uint8 paused
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 5) break;
            uint32_t type   = packet.readUInt32();
            uint8_t  paused = packet.readUInt8();
            if (type < 3) {
                mirrorTimers_[type].paused = (paused != 0);
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Cast result (WotLK extended cast failed) ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_CAST_RESULT: {
            // WotLK: castCount(u8) + spellId(u32) + result(u8)
            // TBC/Classic: spellId(u32) + result(u8)  (no castCount prefix)
            // If result == 0, the spell successfully began; otherwise treat like SMSG_CAST_FAILED.
            uint32_t castResultSpellId = 0;
            uint8_t  castResult        = 0;
            if (packetParsers_->parseCastResult(packet, castResultSpellId, castResult)) {
                if (castResult != 0) {
                    casting = false;
                    castIsChannel = false;
                    currentCastSpellId = 0;
                    castTimeRemaining  = 0.0f;
                    lastInteractedGoGuid_ = 0;
                    // Cancel craft queue on cast failure
                    craftQueueSpellId_ = 0;
                    craftQueueRemaining_ = 0;
                    // Pass player's power type so result 85 says "Not enough rage/energy/etc."
                    int playerPowerType = -1;
                    if (auto pe = entityManager.getEntity(playerGuid)) {
                        if (auto pu = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Unit>(pe))
                            playerPowerType = static_cast<int>(pu->getPowerType());
                    }
                    const char* reason = getSpellCastResultString(castResult, playerPowerType);
                    std::string errMsg = reason ? reason
                                                : ("Spell cast failed (error " + std::to_string(castResult) + ")");
                    addUIError(errMsg);
                    MessageChatData msg;
                    msg.type     = ChatType::SYSTEM;
                    msg.language = ChatLanguage::UNIVERSAL;
                    msg.message  = errMsg;
                    addLocalChatMessage(msg);
                }
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Spell failed on another unit ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPELL_FAILED_OTHER: {
            // WotLK: packed_guid + uint8 castCount + uint32 spellId + uint8 reason
            // TBC/Classic: full uint64 + uint8 castCount + uint32 spellId + uint8 reason
            const bool tbcLike2 = isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            uint64_t failOtherGuid = tbcLike2
                ? (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8 ? packet.readUInt64() : 0)
                : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (failOtherGuid != 0 && failOtherGuid != playerGuid) {
                unitCastStates_.erase(failOtherGuid);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }

        // ---- Spell proc resist log ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_PROCRESIST: {
            // WotLK/Classic/Turtle: packed_guid caster + packed_guid victim + uint32 spellId + ...
            // TBC:                  uint64 caster + uint64 victim + uint32 spellId + ...
            const bool prUsesFullGuid = isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            auto readPrGuid = [&]() -> uint64_t {
                if (prUsesFullGuid)
                    return (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) ? packet.readUInt64() : 0;
                return UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            };
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (prUsesFullGuid ? 8u : 1u)
                || (!prUsesFullGuid && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t caster = readPrGuid();
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (prUsesFullGuid ? 8u : 1u)
                || (!prUsesFullGuid && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t victim = readPrGuid();
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
            uint32_t spellId = packet.readUInt32();
            if (victim == playerGuid) {
                addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::RESIST, 0, spellId, false, 0, caster, victim);
            } else if (caster == playerGuid) {
                addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::RESIST, 0, spellId, true, 0, caster, victim);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }

        // ---- Loot start roll (Need/Greed popup trigger) ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_LOOT_START_ROLL: {
            // WotLK 3.3.5a: uint64 objectGuid + uint32 mapId + uint32 lootSlot + uint32 itemId
            //              + uint32 randomSuffix + uint32 randomPropId + uint32 countdown + uint8 voteMask (33 bytes)
            // Classic/TBC:  uint64 objectGuid + uint32 mapId + uint32 lootSlot + uint32 itemId
            //              + uint32 countdown + uint8 voteMask (25 bytes)
            const bool isWotLK = isActiveExpansion("wotlk");
            const size_t minSize = isWotLK ? 33u : 25u;
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < minSize) break;
            uint64_t objectGuid = packet.readUInt64();
            /*uint32_t mapId =*/ packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t slot   = packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t itemId = packet.readUInt32();
            if (isWotLK) {
                /*uint32_t randSuffix =*/ packet.readUInt32();
                /*uint32_t randProp   =*/ packet.readUInt32();
            }
            uint32_t countdown  = packet.readUInt32();
            /*uint8_t  voteMask   =*/ packet.readUInt8();
            // Trigger the roll popup for local player
            pendingLootRollActive_      = true;
            pendingLootRoll_.objectGuid = objectGuid;
            pendingLootRoll_.slot       = slot;
            pendingLootRoll_.itemId     = itemId;
            // Ensure item info is queried so the roll popup can show the name/icon.
            // The popup re-reads getItemInfo() live, so the name will populate once
            // SMSG_ITEM_QUERY_SINGLE_RESPONSE arrives (usually within ~100 ms).
            queryItemInfo(itemId, 0);
            auto* info = getItemInfo(itemId);
            pendingLootRoll_.itemName    = info ? info->name : std::to_string(itemId);
            pendingLootRoll_.itemQuality = info ? static_cast<uint8_t>(info->quality) : 0;
            pendingLootRoll_.rollCountdownMs = (countdown > 0 && countdown <= 120000) ? countdown : 60000;
            pendingLootRoll_.rollStartedAt   = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_LOOT_START_ROLL: item=", itemId, " (", pendingLootRoll_.itemName,
                     ") slot=", slot);
            break;
        }

        // ---- Pet stable list ----
        case Opcode::MSG_LIST_STABLED_PETS:
            if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) handleListStabledPets(packet);
            break;

        // ---- Pet stable result ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_STABLE_RESULT: {
            // uint8 result
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) break;
            uint8_t result = packet.readUInt8();
            const char* msg = nullptr;
            switch (result) {
                case 0x01: msg = "Pet stored in stable."; break;
                case 0x06: msg = "Pet retrieved from stable."; break;
                case 0x07: msg = "Stable slot purchased."; break;
                case 0x08: msg = "Stable list updated."; break;
                case 0x09: msg = "Stable failed: not enough money or other error.";
                           addUIError(msg); break;
                default:   break;
            }
            if (msg) addSystemChatMessage(msg);
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_STABLE_RESULT: result=", static_cast<int>(result));
            // Refresh the stable list after a result to reflect the new state
            if (stableWindowOpen_ && stableMasterGuid_ != 0 && socket && result <= 0x08) {
                auto refreshPkt = ListStabledPetsPacket::build(stableMasterGuid_);
                socket->send(refreshPkt);
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Title earned ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_TITLE_EARNED: {
            // uint32 titleBitIndex + uint32 isLost
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) break;
            uint32_t titleBit = packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t isLost   = packet.readUInt32();
            loadTitleNameCache();

            // Format the title string using the player's own name
            std::string titleStr;
            auto tit = titleNameCache_.find(titleBit);
            if (tit != titleNameCache_.end() && !tit->second.empty()) {
                // Title strings contain "%s" as a player-name placeholder.
                // Replace it with the local player's name if known.
                auto nameIt = playerNameCache.find(playerGuid);
                const std::string& pName = (nameIt != playerNameCache.end())
                    ? nameIt->second : "you";
                const std::string& fmt = tit->second;
                size_t pos = fmt.find("%s");
                if (pos != std::string::npos) {
                    titleStr = fmt.substr(0, pos) + pName + fmt.substr(pos + 2);
                } else {
                    titleStr = fmt;
                }
            }

            std::string msg;
            if (!titleStr.empty()) {
                msg = isLost ? ("Title removed: " + titleStr + ".")
                             : ("Title earned: " + titleStr + "!");
            } else {
                char buf[64];
                std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                    isLost ? "Title removed (bit %u)." : "Title earned (bit %u)!",
                    titleBit);
                msg = buf;
            }
            // Track in known title set
            if (isLost) {
                knownTitleBits_.erase(titleBit);
            } else {
                knownTitleBits_.insert(titleBit);
            }

            // Only post chat message for actual earned/lost events (isLost and new earn)
            // Server sends isLost=0 for all known titles during login — suppress the chat spam
            // by only notifying when we already had some titles (after login sequence)
            addSystemChatMessage(msg);
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_TITLE_EARNED: bit=", titleBit, " lost=", isLost,
                     " title='", titleStr, "' known=", knownTitleBits_.size());
            break;
        }

        case Opcode::SMSG_LEARNED_DANCE_MOVES:
            // Contains bitmask of learned dance moves — cosmetic only, no gameplay effect.
            LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_LEARNED_DANCE_MOVES: ignored (size=", packet.getSize(), ")");
            break;

        // ---- Hearthstone binding ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_PLAYERBOUND: {
            // uint64 binderGuid + uint32 mapId + uint32 zoneId
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 16) break;
            /*uint64_t binderGuid =*/ packet.readUInt64();
            uint32_t mapId = packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t zoneId = packet.readUInt32();
            // Update home bind location so hearthstone tooltip reflects the new zone
            homeBindMapId_  = mapId;
            homeBindZoneId_ = zoneId;
            std::string pbMsg = "Your home location has been set";
            std::string zoneName = getAreaName(zoneId);
            if (!zoneName.empty())
                pbMsg += " to " + zoneName;
            pbMsg += '.';
            addSystemChatMessage(pbMsg);
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_BINDER_CONFIRM: {
            // uint64 npcGuid — fires just before SMSG_PLAYERBOUND; PLAYERBOUND shows
            // the zone name so this confirm is redundant. Consume silently.
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }

        // ---- Phase shift (WotLK phasing) ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_SET_PHASE_SHIFT: {
            // uint32 phaseFlags [+ packed guid + uint16 count + repeated uint16 phaseIds]
            // Just consume; phasing doesn't require action from client in WotLK
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }

        // ---- XP gain toggle ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_TOGGLE_XP_GAIN: {
            // uint8 enabled
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) break;
            uint8_t enabled = packet.readUInt8();
            addSystemChatMessage(enabled ? "XP gain enabled." : "XP gain disabled.");
            break;
        }

        // ---- Gossip POI (quest map markers) ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_GOSSIP_POI: {
            // uint32 flags + float x + float y + uint32 icon + uint32 data + string name
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 20) break;
            /*uint32_t flags =*/ packet.readUInt32();
            float poiX = packet.readFloat();  // WoW canonical coords
            float poiY = packet.readFloat();
            uint32_t icon = packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t data = packet.readUInt32();
            std::string name = packet.readString();
            GossipPoi poi;
            poi.x    = poiX;
            poi.y    = poiY;
            poi.icon = icon;
            poi.data = data;
            poi.name = std::move(name);
            gossipPois_.push_back(std::move(poi));
            LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_GOSSIP_POI: x=", poiX, " y=", poiY, " icon=", icon);
            break;
        }

        // ---- Character service results ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_CHAR_RENAME: {
            // uint32 result (0=success) + uint64 guid + string newName
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 13) {
                uint32_t result = packet.readUInt32();
                /*uint64_t guid =*/ packet.readUInt64();
                std::string newName = packet.readString();
                if (result == 0) {
                    addSystemChatMessage("Character name changed to: " + newName);
                } else {
                    // ResponseCodes for name changes (shared with char create)
                    static const char* kRenameErrors[] = {
                        nullptr,                                         // 0 = success
                        "Name already in use.",                          // 1
                        "Name too short.",                               // 2
                        "Name too long.",                                // 3
                        "Name contains invalid characters.",             // 4
                        "Name contains a profanity.",                    // 5
                        "Name is reserved.",                             // 6
                        "Character name does not meet requirements.",    // 7
                    };
                    const char* errMsg = (result < 8) ? kRenameErrors[result] : nullptr;
                    std::string renameErr = errMsg ? std::string("Rename failed: ") + errMsg
                                                   : "Character rename failed.";
                    addUIError(renameErr);
                    addSystemChatMessage(renameErr);
                }
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_CHAR_RENAME: result=", result, " newName=", newName);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_BINDZONEREPLY: {
            // uint32 result (0=success, 1=too far)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t result = packet.readUInt32();
                if (result == 0) {
                    addSystemChatMessage("Your home is now set to this location.");
                } else {
                    addUIError("You are too far from the innkeeper.");
                    addSystemChatMessage("You are too far from the innkeeper.");
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_CHANGEPLAYER_DIFFICULTY_RESULT: {
            // uint32 result
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t result = packet.readUInt32();
                if (result == 0) {
                    addSystemChatMessage("Difficulty changed.");
                } else {
                    static const char* reasons[] = {
                        "", "Error", "Too many members", "Already in dungeon",
                        "You are in a battleground", "Raid not allowed in heroic",
                        "You must be in a raid group", "Player not in group"
                    };
                    const char* msg = (result < 8) ? reasons[result] : "Difficulty change failed.";
                    addUIError(std::string("Cannot change difficulty: ") + msg);
                    addSystemChatMessage(std::string("Cannot change difficulty: ") + msg);
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_CORPSE_NOT_IN_INSTANCE:
            addUIError("Your corpse is outside this instance.");
            addSystemChatMessage("Your corpse is outside this instance. Release spirit to retrieve it.");
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_CROSSED_INEBRIATION_THRESHOLD: {
            // uint64 playerGuid + uint32 threshold
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 12) {
                uint64_t guid = packet.readUInt64();
                uint32_t threshold = packet.readUInt32();
                if (guid == playerGuid && threshold > 0) {
                    addSystemChatMessage("You feel rather drunk.");
                }
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_CROSSED_INEBRIATION_THRESHOLD: guid=0x", std::hex, guid,
                          std::dec, " threshold=", threshold);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_CLEAR_FAR_SIGHT_IMMEDIATE:
            // Far sight cancelled; viewport returns to player camera
            LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_CLEAR_FAR_SIGHT_IMMEDIATE");
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_COMBAT_EVENT_FAILED:
            // Combat event could not be executed (e.g. invalid target for special ability)
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_FORCE_ANIM: {
            // packed_guid + uint32 animId — force entity to play animation
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
                uint64_t animGuid = UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
                if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                    uint32_t animId = packet.readUInt32();
                    if (emoteAnimCallback_)
                        emoteAnimCallback_(animGuid, animId);
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_GAMEOBJECT_DESPAWN_ANIM:
        case Opcode::SMSG_GAMEOBJECT_RESET_STATE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_FLIGHT_SPLINE_SYNC:
        case Opcode::SMSG_FORCE_DISPLAY_UPDATE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_FORCE_SEND_QUEUED_PACKETS:
        case Opcode::SMSG_FORCE_SET_VEHICLE_REC_ID:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CORPSE_MAP_POSITION_QUERY_RESPONSE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_DAMAGE_CALC_LOG:
        case Opcode::SMSG_DYNAMIC_DROP_ROLL_RESULT:
        case Opcode::SMSG_DESTRUCTIBLE_BUILDING_DAMAGE:
            // Consume — handled by broader object update or not yet implemented
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_FORCED_DEATH_UPDATE:
            // Server forces player into dead state (GM command, scripted event, etc.)
            playerDead_ = true;
            if (ghostStateCallback_) ghostStateCallback_(false); // dead but not ghost yet
            addSystemChatMessage("You have been killed.");
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_FORCED_DEATH_UPDATE: player force-killed");
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        // ---- Zone defense messages ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_DEFENSE_MESSAGE: {
            // uint32 zoneId + string message — used for PvP zone attack alerts
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 5) {
                /*uint32_t zoneId =*/ packet.readUInt32();
                std::string defMsg = packet.readString();
                if (!defMsg.empty()) {
                    addSystemChatMessage("[Defense] " + defMsg);
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_CORPSE_RECLAIM_DELAY: {
            // uint32 delayMs before player can reclaim corpse
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t delayMs = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t delaySec = (delayMs + 999) / 1000;
                addSystemChatMessage("You can reclaim your corpse in " +
                                     std::to_string(delaySec) + " seconds.");
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_CORPSE_RECLAIM_DELAY: ", delayMs, "ms");
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_DEATH_RELEASE_LOC: {
            // uint32 mapId + float x + float y + float z — corpse/spirit healer position
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 16) {
                corpseMapId_ = packet.readUInt32();
                corpseX_     = packet.readFloat();
                corpseY_     = packet.readFloat();
                corpseZ_     = packet.readFloat();
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_DEATH_RELEASE_LOC: map=", corpseMapId_,
                         " x=", corpseX_, " y=", corpseY_, " z=", corpseZ_);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_ENABLE_BARBER_SHOP:
            // Sent by server when player sits in barber chair — triggers barber shop UI
            // No payload; we don't have barber shop UI yet, so just log
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_ENABLE_BARBER_SHOP: barber shop available");
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_FEIGN_DEATH_RESISTED:
            addUIError("Your Feign Death was resisted.");
            addSystemChatMessage("Your Feign Death attempt was resisted.");
            LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_FEIGN_DEATH_RESISTED");
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_CHANNEL_MEMBER_COUNT: {
            // string channelName + uint8 flags + uint32 memberCount
            std::string chanName = packet.readString();
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 5) {
                /*uint8_t flags =*/ packet.readUInt8();
                uint32_t count = packet.readUInt32();
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_CHANNEL_MEMBER_COUNT: channel=", chanName, " members=", count);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_GAMETIME_SET:
        case Opcode::SMSG_GAMETIME_UPDATE:
            // Server time correction: uint32 gameTimePacked (seconds since epoch)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t gameTimePacked = packet.readUInt32();
                gameTime_ = static_cast<float>(gameTimePacked);
                LOG_DEBUG("Server game time update: ", gameTime_, "s");
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_GAMESPEED_SET:
            // Server speed correction: uint32 gameTimePacked + float timeSpeed
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
                uint32_t gameTimePacked = packet.readUInt32();
                float timeSpeed = packet.readFloat();
                gameTime_ = static_cast<float>(gameTimePacked);
                timeSpeed_ = timeSpeed;
                LOG_DEBUG("Server game speed update: time=", gameTime_, " speed=", timeSpeed_);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_GAMETIMEBIAS_SET:
            // Time bias — consume without processing
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_ACHIEVEMENT_DELETED: {
            // uint32 achievementId — remove from local earned set
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t achId = packet.readUInt32();
                earnedAchievements_.erase(achId);
                achievementDates_.erase(achId);
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_ACHIEVEMENT_DELETED: id=", achId);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_CRITERIA_DELETED: {
            // uint32 criteriaId — remove from local criteria progress
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t critId = packet.readUInt32();
                criteriaProgress_.erase(critId);
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_CRITERIA_DELETED: id=", critId);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }

        // ---- Combat clearing ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_ATTACKSWING_DEADTARGET:
            // Target died mid-swing: clear auto-attack
            autoAttacking = false;
            autoAttackTarget = 0;
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_THREAT_CLEAR:
            // All threat dropped on the local player (e.g. Vanish, Feign Death)
            threatLists_.clear();
            LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_THREAT_CLEAR: threat wiped");
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_THREAT_REMOVE: {
            // packed_guid (unit) + packed_guid (victim whose threat was removed)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) break;
            uint64_t unitGuid   = UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) break;
            uint64_t victimGuid = UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            auto it = threatLists_.find(unitGuid);
            if (it != threatLists_.end()) {
                auto& list = it->second;
                list.erase(std::remove_if(list.begin(), list.end(),
                    [victimGuid](const ThreatEntry& e){ return e.victimGuid == victimGuid; }),
                    list.end());
                if (list.empty()) threatLists_.erase(it);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_HIGHEST_THREAT_UPDATE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_THREAT_UPDATE: {
            // Both packets share the same format:
            // packed_guid (unit) + packed_guid (highest-threat target or target, unused here)
            // + uint32 count + count × (packed_guid victim + uint32 threat)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) break;
            uint64_t unitGuid = UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) break;
            (void)UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet); // highest-threat / current target
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
            uint32_t cnt = packet.readUInt32();
            if (cnt > 100) { packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break; } // sanity
            std::vector<ThreatEntry> list;
            list.reserve(cnt);
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cnt; ++i) {
                if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) break;
                ThreatEntry entry;
                entry.victimGuid = UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
                if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
                entry.threat = packet.readUInt32();
                list.push_back(entry);
            }
            // Sort descending by threat so highest is first
            std::sort(list.begin(), list.end(),
                [](const ThreatEntry& a, const ThreatEntry& b){ return a.threat > b.threat; });
            threatLists_[unitGuid] = std::move(list);
            break;
        }

        case Opcode::SMSG_CANCEL_COMBAT:
            // Server-side combat state reset
            autoAttacking = false;
            autoAttackTarget = 0;
            autoAttackRequested_ = false;
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_BREAK_TARGET:
            // Server breaking our targeting (PvP flag, etc.)
            // uint64 guid — consume; target cleared if it matches
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
                uint64_t bGuid = packet.readUInt64();
                if (bGuid == targetGuid) targetGuid = 0;
            }
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_CLEAR_TARGET:
            // uint64 guid — server cleared targeting on a unit (or 0 = clear all)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
                uint64_t cGuid = packet.readUInt64();
                if (cGuid == 0 || cGuid == targetGuid) targetGuid = 0;
            }
            break;

        // ---- Server-forced dismount ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_DISMOUNT:
            // No payload — server forcing dismount
            currentMountDisplayId_ = 0;
            if (mountCallback_) mountCallback_(0);
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_MOUNTRESULT: {
            // uint32 result: 0=error, 1=invalid, 2=not in range, 3=already mounted, 4=ok
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
            uint32_t result = packet.readUInt32();
            if (result != 4) {
                const char* msgs[] = { "Cannot mount here.", "Invalid mount spell.", "Too far away to mount.", "Already mounted." };
                std::string mountErr = result < 4 ? msgs[result] : "Cannot mount.";
                addUIError(mountErr);
                addSystemChatMessage(mountErr);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_DISMOUNTRESULT: {
            // uint32 result: 0=ok, others=error
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
            uint32_t result = packet.readUInt32();
            if (result != 0) { addUIError("Cannot dismount here."); addSystemChatMessage("Cannot dismount here."); }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Loot notifications ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_LOOT_ALL_PASSED: {
            // WotLK 3.3.5a: uint64 objectGuid + uint32 slot + uint32 itemId + uint32 randSuffix + uint32 randPropId (24 bytes)
            // Classic/TBC:  uint64 objectGuid + uint32 slot + uint32 itemId (16 bytes)
            const bool isWotLK = isActiveExpansion("wotlk");
            const size_t minSize = isWotLK ? 24u : 16u;
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < minSize) break;
            /*uint64_t objGuid =*/ packet.readUInt64();
            /*uint32_t slot    =*/ packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t itemId  = packet.readUInt32();
            if (isWotLK) {
                /*uint32_t randSuffix =*/ packet.readUInt32();
                /*uint32_t randProp   =*/ packet.readUInt32();
            }
            auto* info = getItemInfo(itemId);
            std::string allPassName = info && !info->name.empty() ? info->name : std::to_string(itemId);
            uint32_t allPassQuality = info ? info->quality : 1u;
            addSystemChatMessage("Everyone passed on " + buildItemLink(itemId, allPassQuality, allPassName) + ".");
            pendingLootRollActive_ = false;
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_LOOT_ITEM_NOTIFY: {
            // uint64 looterGuid + uint64 lootGuid + uint32 itemId + uint32 count
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 24) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t looterGuid = packet.readUInt64();
            /*uint64_t lootGuid =*/ packet.readUInt64();
            uint32_t itemId  = packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t count   = packet.readUInt32();
            // Show loot message for party members (not the player — SMSG_ITEM_PUSH_RESULT covers that)
            if (isInGroup() && looterGuid != playerGuid) {
                auto nit = playerNameCache.find(looterGuid);
                std::string looterName = (nit != playerNameCache.end()) ? nit->second : "";
                if (!looterName.empty()) {
                    queryItemInfo(itemId, 0);
                    std::string itemName = "item #" + std::to_string(itemId);
                    uint32_t notifyQuality = 1;
                    if (const ItemQueryResponseData* info = getItemInfo(itemId)) {
                        if (!info->name.empty()) itemName = info->name;
                        notifyQuality = info->quality;
                    }
                    std::string itemLink2 = buildItemLink(itemId, notifyQuality, itemName);
                    std::string lootMsg = looterName + " loots " + itemLink2;
                    if (count > 1) lootMsg += " x" + std::to_string(count);
                    lootMsg += ".";
                    addSystemChatMessage(lootMsg);
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_LOOT_SLOT_CHANGED: {
            // uint8 slotIndex — another player took the item from this slot in group loot
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
                uint8_t slotIndex = packet.readUInt8();
                for (auto it = currentLoot.items.begin(); it != currentLoot.items.end(); ++it) {
                    if (it->slotIndex == slotIndex) {
                        currentLoot.items.erase(it);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Spell log miss ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPELLLOGMISS: {
            // All expansions: uint32 spellId first.
            // WotLK/Classic: spellId(4) + packed_guid caster + uint8 unk + uint32 count
            //                 + count × (packed_guid victim + uint8 missInfo)
            // TBC:            spellId(4) + uint64 caster + uint8 unk + uint32 count
            //                 + count × (uint64 victim + uint8 missInfo)
            // All expansions append uint32 reflectSpellId + uint8 reflectResult when
            // missInfo==11 (REFLECT).
            const bool spellMissUsesFullGuid = isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            auto readSpellMissGuid = [&]() -> uint64_t {
                if (spellMissUsesFullGuid)
                    return (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) ? packet.readUInt64() : 0;
                return UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            };
            // spellId prefix present in all expansions
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
            uint32_t spellId = packet.readUInt32();
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (spellMissUsesFullGuid ? 8u : 1u)
                || (!spellMissUsesFullGuid && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t casterGuid = readSpellMissGuid();
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 5) break;
            /*uint8_t unk =*/ packet.readUInt8();
            const uint32_t rawCount = packet.readUInt32();
            if (rawCount > 128) {
                LOG_WARNING("SMSG_SPELLLOGMISS: miss count capped (requested=", rawCount, ")");
            }
            const uint32_t storedLimit = std::min<uint32_t>(rawCount, 128u);

            struct SpellMissLogEntry {
                uint64_t victimGuid = 0;
                uint8_t missInfo = 0;
            };
            std::vector<SpellMissLogEntry> parsedMisses;
            parsedMisses.reserve(storedLimit);

            bool truncated = false;
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < rawCount; ++i) {
                if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (spellMissUsesFullGuid ? 9u : 2u)
                    || (!spellMissUsesFullGuid && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                    truncated = true;
                    break;
                }
                const uint64_t victimGuid = readSpellMissGuid();
                if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) {
                    truncated = true;
                    break;
                }
                const uint8_t missInfo = packet.readUInt8();
                // REFLECT (11): extra uint32 reflectSpellId + uint8 reflectResult
                if (missInfo == 11) {
                    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 5) {
                        /*uint32_t reflectSpellId =*/ packet.readUInt32();
                        /*uint8_t  reflectResult  =*/ packet.readUInt8();
                    } else {
                        truncated = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (i < storedLimit) {
                    parsedMisses.push_back({victimGuid, missInfo});
                }
            }

            if (truncated) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
                break;
            }

            for (const auto& miss : parsedMisses) {
                const uint64_t victimGuid = miss.victimGuid;
                const uint8_t missInfo = miss.missInfo;
                CombatTextEntry::Type ct = combatTextTypeFromSpellMissInfo(missInfo);
                if (casterGuid == playerGuid) {
                    // We cast a spell and it missed the target
                    addCombatText(ct, 0, spellId, true, 0, casterGuid, victimGuid);
                } else if (victimGuid == playerGuid) {
                    // Enemy spell missed us (we dodged/parried/blocked/resisted/etc.)
                    addCombatText(ct, 0, spellId, false, 0, casterGuid, victimGuid);
                }
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Environmental damage log ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_ENVIRONMENTALDAMAGELOG: {
            // uint64 victimGuid + uint8 envDamageType + uint32 damage + uint32 absorb + uint32 resist
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 21) break;
            uint64_t victimGuid = packet.readUInt64();
            /*uint8_t  envType =*/ packet.readUInt8();
            uint32_t damage   = packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t absorb   = packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t resist   = packet.readUInt32();
            if (victimGuid == playerGuid) {
                // Environmental damage: no caster GUID, victim = player
                if (damage > 0)
                    addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::ENVIRONMENTAL, static_cast<int32_t>(damage), 0, false, 0, 0, victimGuid);
                if (absorb > 0)
                    addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::ABSORB, static_cast<int32_t>(absorb), 0, false, 0, 0, victimGuid);
                if (resist > 0)
                    addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::RESIST, static_cast<int32_t>(resist), 0, false, 0, 0, victimGuid);
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Creature Movement ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE:
            handleMonsterMove(packet);
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_COMPRESSED_MOVES:
            handleCompressedMoves(packet);
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE_TRANSPORT:
            handleMonsterMoveTransport(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_FEATHER_FALL:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_GRAVITY_DISABLE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_GRAVITY_ENABLE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_LAND_WALK:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_NORMAL_FALL:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_ROOT:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_HOVER: {
            // Minimal parse: PackedGuid only — no animation-relevant state change.
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
                (void)UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_WALK_MODE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_RUN_MODE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_FLYING:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_START_SWIM:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_STOP_SWIM: {
            // PackedGuid + synthesised move-flags → drives animation state in application layer.
            // SWIMMING=0x00200000, WALKING=0x00000100, CAN_FLY=0x00800000, FLYING=0x01000000
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) break;
            uint64_t guid = UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (guid == 0 || guid == playerGuid || !unitMoveFlagsCallback_) break;
            uint32_t synthFlags = 0;
            if (*logicalOp == Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_START_SWIM)
                synthFlags = 0x00200000u; // SWIMMING
            else if (*logicalOp == Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_WALK_MODE)
                synthFlags = 0x00000100u; // WALKING
            else if (*logicalOp == Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_FLYING)
                synthFlags = 0x01000000u | 0x00800000u; // FLYING | CAN_FLY
            // STOP_SWIM and SET_RUN_MODE: synthFlags stays 0 → clears swim/walk
            unitMoveFlagsCallback_(guid, synthFlags);
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_SET_RUN_SPEED:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_SET_RUN_BACK_SPEED:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_SET_SWIM_SPEED: {
            // Minimal parse: PackedGuid + float speed
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 5) break;
            uint64_t guid = UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
            float speed = packet.readFloat();
            if (guid == playerGuid && std::isfinite(speed) && speed > 0.01f && speed < 200.0f) {
                if (*logicalOp == Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_SET_RUN_SPEED)
                    serverRunSpeed_ = speed;
                else if (*logicalOp == Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_SET_RUN_BACK_SPEED)
                    serverRunBackSpeed_ = speed;
                else if (*logicalOp == Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_SET_SWIM_SPEED)
                    serverSwimSpeed_ = speed;
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Speed Changes ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_FORCE_RUN_SPEED_CHANGE:
            handleForceRunSpeedChange(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_FORCE_MOVE_ROOT:
            handleForceMoveRootState(packet, true);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_FORCE_MOVE_UNROOT:
            handleForceMoveRootState(packet, false);
            break;

        // ---- Other force speed changes ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_FORCE_WALK_SPEED_CHANGE:
            handleForceSpeedChange(packet, "WALK_SPEED", Opcode::CMSG_FORCE_WALK_SPEED_CHANGE_ACK, &serverWalkSpeed_);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_FORCE_RUN_BACK_SPEED_CHANGE:
            handleForceSpeedChange(packet, "RUN_BACK_SPEED", Opcode::CMSG_FORCE_RUN_BACK_SPEED_CHANGE_ACK, &serverRunBackSpeed_);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_FORCE_SWIM_SPEED_CHANGE:
            handleForceSpeedChange(packet, "SWIM_SPEED", Opcode::CMSG_FORCE_SWIM_SPEED_CHANGE_ACK, &serverSwimSpeed_);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_FORCE_SWIM_BACK_SPEED_CHANGE:
            handleForceSpeedChange(packet, "SWIM_BACK_SPEED", Opcode::CMSG_FORCE_SWIM_BACK_SPEED_CHANGE_ACK, &serverSwimBackSpeed_);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_FORCE_FLIGHT_SPEED_CHANGE:
            handleForceSpeedChange(packet, "FLIGHT_SPEED", Opcode::CMSG_FORCE_FLIGHT_SPEED_CHANGE_ACK, &serverFlightSpeed_);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_FORCE_FLIGHT_BACK_SPEED_CHANGE:
            handleForceSpeedChange(packet, "FLIGHT_BACK_SPEED", Opcode::CMSG_FORCE_FLIGHT_BACK_SPEED_CHANGE_ACK, &serverFlightBackSpeed_);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_FORCE_TURN_RATE_CHANGE:
            handleForceSpeedChange(packet, "TURN_RATE", Opcode::CMSG_FORCE_TURN_RATE_CHANGE_ACK, &serverTurnRate_);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_FORCE_PITCH_RATE_CHANGE:
            handleForceSpeedChange(packet, "PITCH_RATE", Opcode::CMSG_FORCE_PITCH_RATE_CHANGE_ACK, &serverPitchRate_);
            break;

        // ---- Movement flag toggle ACKs ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_MOVE_SET_CAN_FLY:
            handleForceMoveFlagChange(packet, "SET_CAN_FLY", Opcode::CMSG_MOVE_SET_CAN_FLY_ACK,
                static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::CAN_FLY), true);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_MOVE_UNSET_CAN_FLY:
            handleForceMoveFlagChange(packet, "UNSET_CAN_FLY", Opcode::CMSG_MOVE_SET_CAN_FLY_ACK,
                static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::CAN_FLY), false);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_MOVE_FEATHER_FALL:
            handleForceMoveFlagChange(packet, "FEATHER_FALL", Opcode::CMSG_MOVE_FEATHER_FALL_ACK,
                static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::FEATHER_FALL), true);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_MOVE_WATER_WALK:
            handleForceMoveFlagChange(packet, "WATER_WALK", Opcode::CMSG_MOVE_WATER_WALK_ACK,
                static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::WATER_WALK), true);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_MOVE_SET_HOVER:
            handleForceMoveFlagChange(packet, "SET_HOVER", Opcode::CMSG_MOVE_HOVER_ACK,
                static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::HOVER), true);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_MOVE_UNSET_HOVER:
            handleForceMoveFlagChange(packet, "UNSET_HOVER", Opcode::CMSG_MOVE_HOVER_ACK,
                static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::HOVER), false);
            break;

        // ---- Knockback ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_MOVE_KNOCK_BACK:
            handleMoveKnockBack(packet);
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_CAMERA_SHAKE: {
            // uint32 shakeID (CameraShakes.dbc), uint32 shakeType
            // We don't parse CameraShakes.dbc; apply a hardcoded moderate shake.
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
                uint32_t shakeId   = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t shakeType = packet.readUInt32();
                (void)shakeType;
                // Map shakeId ranges to approximate magnitudes:
                // IDs < 50: minor environmental (0.04), others: larger boss effects (0.08)
                float magnitude = (shakeId < 50) ? 0.04f : 0.08f;
                if (cameraShakeCallback_) {
                    cameraShakeCallback_(magnitude, 18.0f, 0.5f);
                }
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_CAMERA_SHAKE: id=", shakeId, " type=", shakeType,
                          " magnitude=", magnitude);
            }
            break;
        }

        case Opcode::SMSG_CLIENT_CONTROL_UPDATE: {
            // Minimal parse: PackedGuid + uint8 allowMovement.
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 2) {
                LOG_WARNING("SMSG_CLIENT_CONTROL_UPDATE too short: ", packet.getSize(), " bytes");
                break;
            }
            uint8_t guidMask = packet.readUInt8();
            size_t guidBytes = 0;
            uint64_t controlGuid = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
                if (guidMask & (1u << i)) ++guidBytes;
            }
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < guidBytes + 1) {
                LOG_WARNING("SMSG_CLIENT_CONTROL_UPDATE malformed (truncated packed guid)");
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
                break;
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
                if (guidMask & (1u << i)) {
                    uint8_t b = packet.readUInt8();
                    controlGuid |= (static_cast<uint64_t>(b) << (i * 8));
                }
            }
            bool allowMovement = (packet.readUInt8() != 0);
            if (controlGuid == 0 || controlGuid == playerGuid) {
                bool changed = (serverMovementAllowed_ != allowMovement);
                serverMovementAllowed_ = allowMovement;
                if (changed && !allowMovement) {
                    // Force-stop local movement immediately when server revokes control.
                    movementInfo.flags &= ~(static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::FORWARD) |
                                            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::BACKWARD) |
                                            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::STRAFE_LEFT) |
                                            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::STRAFE_RIGHT) |
                                            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::TURN_LEFT) |
                                            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::TURN_RIGHT));
                    sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP);
                    sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_STRAFE);
                    sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_TURN);
                    sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_SWIM);
                    addSystemChatMessage("Movement disabled by server.");
                } else if (changed && allowMovement) {
                    addSystemChatMessage("Movement re-enabled.");
                }
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Phase 2: Combat ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_ATTACKSTART:
            handleAttackStart(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_ATTACKSTOP:
            handleAttackStop(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_ATTACKSWING_NOTINRANGE:
            autoAttackOutOfRange_ = true;
            if (autoAttackRangeWarnCooldown_ <= 0.0f) {
                addSystemChatMessage("Target is too far away.");
                autoAttackRangeWarnCooldown_ = 1.25f;
            }
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_ATTACKSWING_BADFACING:
            if (autoAttackRequested_ && autoAttackTarget != 0) {
                auto targetEntity = entityManager.getEntity(autoAttackTarget);
                if (targetEntity) {
                    float toTargetX = targetEntity->getX() - movementInfo.x;
                    float toTargetY = targetEntity->getY() - movementInfo.y;
                    if (std::abs(toTargetX) > 0.01f || std::abs(toTargetY) > 0.01f) {
                        movementInfo.orientation = std::atan2(-toTargetY, toTargetX);
                        sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_FACING);
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_ATTACKSWING_NOTSTANDING:
        case Opcode::SMSG_ATTACKSWING_CANT_ATTACK:
            autoAttackOutOfRange_ = false;
            autoAttackOutOfRangeTime_ = 0.0f;
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_ATTACKERSTATEUPDATE:
            handleAttackerStateUpdate(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_AI_REACTION: {
            // SMSG_AI_REACTION: uint64 guid, uint32 reaction
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 12) break;
            uint64_t guid = packet.readUInt64();
            uint32_t reaction = packet.readUInt32();
            // Reaction 2 commonly indicates aggro.
            if (reaction == 2 && npcAggroCallback_) {
                auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(guid);
                if (entity) {
                    npcAggroCallback_(guid, glm::vec3(entity->getX(), entity->getY(), entity->getZ()));
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPELLNONMELEEDAMAGELOG:
            handleSpellDamageLog(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_PLAY_SPELL_VISUAL: {
            // uint64 casterGuid + uint32 visualId
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 12) break;
            uint64_t casterGuid = packet.readUInt64();
            uint32_t visualId   = packet.readUInt32();
            if (visualId == 0) break;
            // Resolve caster world position and spawn the effect
            auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer();
            if (!renderer) break;
            glm::vec3 spawnPos;
            if (casterGuid == playerGuid) {
                spawnPos = renderer->getCharacterPosition();
            } else {
                auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(casterGuid);
                if (!entity) break;
                glm::vec3 canonical(entity->getLatestX(), entity->getLatestY(), entity->getLatestZ());
                spawnPos = core::coords::canonicalToRender(canonical);
            }
            renderer->playSpellVisual(visualId, spawnPos);
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPELLHEALLOG:
            handleSpellHealLog(packet);
            break;

        // ---- Phase 3: Spells ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_INITIAL_SPELLS:
            handleInitialSpells(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_CAST_FAILED:
            handleCastFailed(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPELL_START:
            handleSpellStart(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPELL_GO:
            handleSpellGo(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPELL_FAILURE: {
            // WotLK: packed_guid + uint8 castCount + uint32 spellId + uint8 failReason
            // TBC:   full uint64 + uint8 castCount + uint32 spellId + uint8 failReason
            // Classic: full uint64 + uint32 spellId + uint8 failReason  (NO castCount)
            const bool isClassic = isClassicLikeExpansion();
            const bool isTbc     = isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            uint64_t failGuid = (isClassic || isTbc)
                ? (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8 ? packet.readUInt64() : 0)
                : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            // Classic omits the castCount byte; TBC and WotLK include it
            const size_t remainingFields = isClassic ? 5u : 6u;  // spellId(4)+reason(1) [+castCount(1)]
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= remainingFields) {
                if (!isClassic) /*uint8_t castCount =*/ packet.readUInt8();
                uint32_t failSpellId = packet.readUInt32();
                uint8_t rawFailReason = packet.readUInt8();
                // Classic result enum starts at 0=AFFECTING_COMBAT; shift +1 for WotLK table
                uint8_t failReason = isClassic ? static_cast<uint8_t>(rawFailReason + 1) : rawFailReason;
                if (failGuid == playerGuid && failReason != 0) {
                    // Show interruption/failure reason in chat and error overlay for player
                    int pt = -1;
                    if (auto pe = entityManager.getEntity(playerGuid))
                        if (auto pu = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Unit>(pe))
                            pt = static_cast<int>(pu->getPowerType());
                    const char* reason = getSpellCastResultString(failReason, pt);
                    if (reason) {
                        // Prefix with spell name for context, e.g. "Fireball: Not in range"
                        const std::string& sName = getSpellName(failSpellId);
                        std::string fullMsg = sName.empty() ? reason
                                                            : sName + ": " + reason;
                        addUIError(fullMsg);
                        MessageChatData emsg;
                        emsg.type = ChatType::SYSTEM;
                        emsg.language = ChatLanguage::UNIVERSAL;
                        emsg.message = std::move(fullMsg);
                        addLocalChatMessage(emsg);
                    }
                }
            }
            if (failGuid == playerGuid || failGuid == 0) {
                // Player's own cast failed — clear gather-node loot target so the
                // next timed cast doesn't try to loot a stale interrupted gather node.
                casting = false;
                castIsChannel = false;
                currentCastSpellId = 0;
                lastInteractedGoGuid_ = 0;
                if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
                    if (auto* ssm = renderer->getSpellSoundManager()) {
                        ssm->stopPrecast();
                    }
                }
                if (spellCastAnimCallback_) {
                    spellCastAnimCallback_(playerGuid, false, false);
                }
            } else {
                // Another unit's cast failed — clear their tracked cast bar
                unitCastStates_.erase(failGuid);
                if (spellCastAnimCallback_) {
                    spellCastAnimCallback_(failGuid, false, false);
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPELL_COOLDOWN:
            handleSpellCooldown(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_COOLDOWN_EVENT:
            handleCooldownEvent(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_CLEAR_COOLDOWN: {
            // spellId(u32) + guid(u64): clear cooldown for the given spell/guid
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t spellId = packet.readUInt32();
                // guid is present but we only track per-spell for the local player
                spellCooldowns.erase(spellId);
                for (auto& slot : actionBar) {
                    if (slot.type == ActionBarSlot::SPELL && slot.id == spellId) {
                        slot.cooldownRemaining = 0.0f;
                    }
                }
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_CLEAR_COOLDOWN: spellId=", spellId);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_MODIFY_COOLDOWN: {
            // spellId(u32) + diffMs(i32): adjust cooldown remaining by diffMs
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
                uint32_t spellId = packet.readUInt32();
                int32_t  diffMs  = static_cast<int32_t>(packet.readUInt32());
                float diffSec = diffMs / 1000.0f;
                auto it = spellCooldowns.find(spellId);
                if (it != spellCooldowns.end()) {
                    it->second = std::max(0.0f, it->second + diffSec);
                    for (auto& slot : actionBar) {
                        if (slot.type == ActionBarSlot::SPELL && slot.id == spellId) {
                            slot.cooldownRemaining = std::max(0.0f, slot.cooldownRemaining + diffSec);
                        }
                    }
                }
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_MODIFY_COOLDOWN: spellId=", spellId, " diff=", diffMs, "ms");
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_ACHIEVEMENT_EARNED:
            handleAchievementEarned(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_ALL_ACHIEVEMENT_DATA:
            handleAllAchievementData(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_ITEM_COOLDOWN: {
            // uint64 itemGuid + uint32 spellId + uint32 cooldownMs
            size_t rem = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
            if (rem >= 16) {
                uint64_t itemGuid = packet.readUInt64();
                uint32_t spellId  = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t cdMs     = packet.readUInt32();
                float cdSec = cdMs / 1000.0f;
                if (cdSec > 0.0f) {
                    if (spellId != 0) {
                        auto it = spellCooldowns.find(spellId);
                        if (it == spellCooldowns.end()) {
                            spellCooldowns[spellId] = cdSec;
                        } else {
                            it->second = mergeCooldownSeconds(it->second, cdSec);
                        }
                    }
                    // Resolve itemId from the GUID so item-type slots are also updated
                    uint32_t itemId = 0;
                    auto iit = onlineItems_.find(itemGuid);
                    if (iit != onlineItems_.end()) itemId = iit->second.entry;
                    for (auto& slot : actionBar) {
                        bool match = (spellId != 0 && slot.type == ActionBarSlot::SPELL && slot.id == spellId)
                                  || (itemId  != 0 && slot.type == ActionBarSlot::ITEM  && slot.id == itemId);
                        if (match) {
                            float prevRemaining = slot.cooldownRemaining;
                            float merged = mergeCooldownSeconds(slot.cooldownRemaining, cdSec);
                            slot.cooldownRemaining = merged;
                            if (slot.cooldownTotal <= 0.0f || prevRemaining <= 0.0f) {
                                slot.cooldownTotal = cdSec;
                            } else {
                                slot.cooldownTotal = std::max(slot.cooldownTotal, merged);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_ITEM_COOLDOWN: itemGuid=0x", std::hex, itemGuid, std::dec,
                              " spellId=", spellId, " itemId=", itemId, " cd=", cdSec, "s");
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_FISH_NOT_HOOKED:
            addSystemChatMessage("Your fish got away.");
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_FISH_ESCAPED:
            addSystemChatMessage("Your fish escaped!");
            break;
        case Opcode::MSG_MINIMAP_PING: {
            // WotLK: packed_guid + float posX + float posY
            // TBC/Classic: uint64 + float posX + float posY
            const bool mmTbcLike = isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (mmTbcLike ? 8u : 1u)) break;
            uint64_t senderGuid = mmTbcLike
                ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) break;
            float pingX = packet.readFloat(); // server sends map-coord X (east-west)
            float pingY = packet.readFloat(); // server sends map-coord Y (north-south)
            MinimapPing ping;
            ping.senderGuid = senderGuid;
            ping.wowX       = pingY;  // canonical WoW X = north = server's posY
            ping.wowY       = pingX;  // canonical WoW Y = west  = server's posX
            ping.age        = 0.0f;
            minimapPings_.push_back(ping);
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_ZONE_UNDER_ATTACK: {
            // uint32 areaId
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t areaId = packet.readUInt32();
                std::string areaName = getAreaName(areaId);
                std::string msg = areaName.empty()
                    ? std::string("A zone is under attack!")
                    : (areaName + " is under attack!");
                addUIError(msg);
                addSystemChatMessage(msg);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_CANCEL_AUTO_REPEAT:
            break; // Server signals to stop a repeating spell (wand/shoot); no client action needed
        case Opcode::SMSG_AURA_UPDATE:
            handleAuraUpdate(packet, false);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_AURA_UPDATE_ALL:
            handleAuraUpdate(packet, true);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_DISPEL_FAILED: {
            // WotLK:       uint32 dispelSpellId + packed_guid caster + packed_guid victim
            //              [+ count × uint32 failedSpellId]
            // Classic:     uint32 dispelSpellId + packed_guid caster + packed_guid victim
            //              [+ count × uint32 failedSpellId]
            // TBC:         uint64 caster + uint64 victim + uint32 spellId
            //              [+ count × uint32 failedSpellId]
            const bool dispelUsesFullGuid = isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            uint32_t dispelSpellId = 0;
            uint64_t dispelCasterGuid = 0;
            if (dispelUsesFullGuid) {
                if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 20) break;
                dispelCasterGuid = packet.readUInt64();
                /*uint64_t victim =*/ packet.readUInt64();
                dispelSpellId = packet.readUInt32();
            } else {
                if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
                dispelSpellId = packet.readUInt32();
                if (!hasFullPackedGuid(packet)) {
                    packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
                }
                dispelCasterGuid = UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
                if (!hasFullPackedGuid(packet)) {
                    packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
                }
                /*uint64_t victim =*/ UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            }
            // Only show failure to the player who attempted the dispel
            if (dispelCasterGuid == playerGuid) {
                loadSpellNameCache();
                auto it = spellNameCache_.find(dispelSpellId);
                char buf[128];
                if (it != spellNameCache_.end() && !it->second.name.empty())
                    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s failed to dispel.", it->second.name.c_str());
                else
                    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Dispel failed! (spell %u)", dispelSpellId);
                addSystemChatMessage(buf);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_TOTEM_CREATED: {
            // WotLK:       uint8 slot + packed_guid + uint32 duration + uint32 spellId
            // TBC/Classic: uint8 slot + uint64 guid  + uint32 duration + uint32 spellId
            const bool totemTbcLike = isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (totemTbcLike ? 17u : 9u)) break;
            uint8_t slot = packet.readUInt8();
            if (totemTbcLike)
                /*uint64_t guid =*/ packet.readUInt64();
            else
                /*uint64_t guid =*/ UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) break;
            uint32_t duration = packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t spellId  = packet.readUInt32();
            LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_TOTEM_CREATED: slot=", (int)slot,
                      " spellId=", spellId, " duration=", duration, "ms");
            if (slot < NUM_TOTEM_SLOTS) {
                activeTotemSlots_[slot].spellId    = spellId;
                activeTotemSlots_[slot].durationMs = duration;
                activeTotemSlots_[slot].placedAt   = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_AREA_SPIRIT_HEALER_TIME: {
            // uint64 guid + uint32 timeLeftMs
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 12) {
                /*uint64_t guid =*/ packet.readUInt64();
                uint32_t timeMs = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t secs   = timeMs / 1000;
                char buf[128];
                std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                              "You will be able to resurrect in %u seconds.", secs);
                addSystemChatMessage(buf);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_DURABILITY_DAMAGE_DEATH: {
            // uint32 percent (how much durability was lost due to death)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t pct = packet.readUInt32();
                char buf[80];
                std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                    "You have lost %u%% of your gear's durability due to death.", pct);
                addUIError(buf);
                addSystemChatMessage(buf);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_LEARNED_SPELL:
            handleLearnedSpell(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_SUPERCEDED_SPELL:
            handleSupercededSpell(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_REMOVED_SPELL:
            handleRemovedSpell(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_SEND_UNLEARN_SPELLS:
            handleUnlearnSpells(packet);
            break;

        // ---- Talents ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_TALENTS_INFO:
            handleTalentsInfo(packet);
            break;

        // ---- Phase 4: Group ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_GROUP_INVITE:
            handleGroupInvite(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_GROUP_DECLINE:
            handleGroupDecline(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_GROUP_LIST:
            handleGroupList(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_GROUP_DESTROYED:
            // The group was disbanded; clear all party state.
            partyData.members.clear();
            partyData.memberCount = 0;
            partyData.leaderGuid = 0;
            addUIError("Your party has been disbanded.");
            addSystemChatMessage("Your party has been disbanded.");
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_GROUP_DESTROYED: party cleared");
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_GROUP_CANCEL:
            // Group invite was cancelled before being accepted.
            addSystemChatMessage("Group invite cancelled.");
            LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_GROUP_CANCEL");
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_GROUP_UNINVITE:
            handleGroupUninvite(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_PARTY_COMMAND_RESULT:
            handlePartyCommandResult(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_PARTY_MEMBER_STATS:
            handlePartyMemberStats(packet, false);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_PARTY_MEMBER_STATS_FULL:
            handlePartyMemberStats(packet, true);
            break;
        case Opcode::MSG_RAID_READY_CHECK: {
            // Server is broadcasting a ready check (someone in the raid initiated it).
            // Payload: empty body, or optional uint64 initiator GUID in some builds.
            pendingReadyCheck_       = true;
            readyCheckReadyCount_    = 0;
            readyCheckNotReadyCount_ = 0;
            readyCheckInitiator_.clear();
            readyCheckResults_.clear();
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
                uint64_t initiatorGuid = packet.readUInt64();
                auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(initiatorGuid);
                if (auto* unit = dynamic_cast<Unit*>(entity.get())) {
                    readyCheckInitiator_ = unit->getName();
                }
            }
            if (readyCheckInitiator_.empty() && partyData.leaderGuid != 0) {
                // Identify initiator from party leader
                for (const auto& member : partyData.members) {
                    if (member.guid == partyData.leaderGuid) { readyCheckInitiator_ = member.name; break; }
                }
            }
            addSystemChatMessage(readyCheckInitiator_.empty()
                ? "Ready check initiated!"
                : readyCheckInitiator_ + " initiated a ready check!");
            LOG_INFO("MSG_RAID_READY_CHECK: initiator=", readyCheckInitiator_);
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::MSG_RAID_READY_CHECK_CONFIRM: {
            // guid (8) + uint8 isReady (0=not ready, 1=ready)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 9) { packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break; }
            uint64_t respGuid = packet.readUInt64();
            uint8_t  isReady  = packet.readUInt8();
            if (isReady) ++readyCheckReadyCount_;
            else         ++readyCheckNotReadyCount_;
            auto nit = playerNameCache.find(respGuid);
            std::string rname;
            if (nit != playerNameCache.end()) rname = nit->second;
            else {
                auto ent = entityManager.getEntity(respGuid);
                if (ent) rname = std::static_pointer_cast<game::Unit>(ent)->getName();
            }
            // Track per-player result for live popup display
            if (!rname.empty()) {
                bool found = false;
                for (auto& r : readyCheckResults_) {
                    if (r.name == rname) { r.ready = (isReady != 0); found = true; break; }
                }
                if (!found) readyCheckResults_.push_back({ rname, isReady != 0 });

                char rbuf[128];
                std::snprintf(rbuf, sizeof(rbuf), "%s is %s.", rname.c_str(), isReady ? "Ready" : "Not Ready");
                addSystemChatMessage(rbuf);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::MSG_RAID_READY_CHECK_FINISHED: {
            // Ready check complete — summarize results
            char fbuf[128];
            std::snprintf(fbuf, sizeof(fbuf), "Ready check complete: %u ready, %u not ready.",
                         readyCheckReadyCount_, readyCheckNotReadyCount_);
            addSystemChatMessage(fbuf);
            pendingReadyCheck_       = false;
            readyCheckReadyCount_    = 0;
            readyCheckNotReadyCount_ = 0;
            readyCheckResults_.clear();
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_RAID_INSTANCE_INFO:
            handleRaidInstanceInfo(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_DUEL_REQUESTED:
            handleDuelRequested(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_DUEL_COMPLETE:
            handleDuelComplete(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_DUEL_WINNER:
            handleDuelWinner(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_DUEL_OUTOFBOUNDS:
            addUIError("You are out of the duel area!");
            addSystemChatMessage("You are out of the duel area!");
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_DUEL_INBOUNDS:
            // Re-entered the duel area; no special action needed.
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_DUEL_COUNTDOWN: {
            // uint32 countdown in milliseconds (typically 3000 ms)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t ms = packet.readUInt32();
                duelCountdownMs_        = (ms > 0 && ms <= 30000) ? ms : 3000;
                duelCountdownStartedAt_ = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_DUEL_COUNTDOWN: ", duelCountdownMs_, " ms");
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_PARTYKILLLOG: {
            // uint64 killerGuid + uint64 victimGuid
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 16) break;
            uint64_t killerGuid = packet.readUInt64();
            uint64_t victimGuid = packet.readUInt64();
            // Show kill message in party chat style
            auto nameForGuid = [&](uint64_t g) -> std::string {
                // Check player name cache first
                auto nit = playerNameCache.find(g);
                if (nit != playerNameCache.end()) return nit->second;
                // Fall back to entity name (NPCs)
                auto ent = entityManager.getEntity(g);
                if (ent && (ent->getType() == game::ObjectType::UNIT ||
                            ent->getType() == game::ObjectType::PLAYER)) {
                    auto unit = std::static_pointer_cast<game::Unit>(ent);
                    return unit->getName();
                }
                return {};
            };
            std::string killerName = nameForGuid(killerGuid);
            std::string victimName = nameForGuid(victimGuid);
            if (!killerName.empty() && !victimName.empty()) {
                char buf[256];
                std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s killed %s.",
                              killerName.c_str(), victimName.c_str());
                addSystemChatMessage(buf);
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Guild ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_GUILD_INFO:
            handleGuildInfo(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_GUILD_ROSTER:
            handleGuildRoster(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_GUILD_QUERY_RESPONSE:
            handleGuildQueryResponse(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_GUILD_EVENT:
            handleGuildEvent(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_GUILD_INVITE:
            handleGuildInvite(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_GUILD_COMMAND_RESULT:
            handleGuildCommandResult(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_PET_SPELLS:
            handlePetSpells(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_PETITION_SHOWLIST:
            handlePetitionShowlist(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_TURN_IN_PETITION_RESULTS:
            handleTurnInPetitionResults(packet);
            break;

        // ---- Phase 5: Loot/Gossip/Vendor ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_LOOT_RESPONSE:
            handleLootResponse(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_LOOT_RELEASE_RESPONSE:
            handleLootReleaseResponse(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_LOOT_REMOVED:
            handleLootRemoved(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUEST_CONFIRM_ACCEPT:
            handleQuestConfirmAccept(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_ITEM_TEXT_QUERY_RESPONSE:
            handleItemTextQueryResponse(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_SUMMON_REQUEST:
            handleSummonRequest(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_SUMMON_CANCEL:
            pendingSummonRequest_ = false;
            addSystemChatMessage("Summon cancelled.");
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_TRADE_STATUS:
            handleTradeStatus(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_TRADE_STATUS_EXTENDED:
            handleTradeStatusExtended(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_LOOT_ROLL:
            handleLootRoll(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_LOOT_ROLL_WON:
            handleLootRollWon(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_LOOT_MASTER_LIST: {
            // uint8 count + count * uint64 guid — eligible recipients for master looter
            masterLootCandidates_.clear();
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) break;
            uint8_t mlCount = packet.readUInt8();
            masterLootCandidates_.reserve(mlCount);
            for (uint8_t i = 0; i < mlCount; ++i) {
                if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) break;
                masterLootCandidates_.push_back(packet.readUInt64());
            }
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_LOOT_MASTER_LIST: ", (int)masterLootCandidates_.size(), " candidates");
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_GOSSIP_MESSAGE:
            handleGossipMessage(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUESTGIVER_QUEST_LIST:
            handleQuestgiverQuestList(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_BINDPOINTUPDATE: {
            BindPointUpdateData data;
            if (BindPointUpdateParser::parse(packet, data)) {
                LOG_INFO("Bindpoint updated: mapId=", data.mapId,
                         " pos=(", data.x, ", ", data.y, ", ", data.z, ")");
                glm::vec3 canonical = core::coords::serverToCanonical(
                    glm::vec3(data.x, data.y, data.z));
                // Only show message if bind point was already set (not initial login sync)
                bool wasSet = hasHomeBind_;
                hasHomeBind_ = true;
                homeBindMapId_ = data.mapId;
                homeBindZoneId_ = data.zoneId;
                homeBindPos_ = canonical;
                if (bindPointCallback_) {
                    bindPointCallback_(data.mapId, canonical.x, canonical.y, canonical.z);
                }
                if (wasSet) {
                    std::string bindMsg = "Your home has been set";
                    std::string zoneName = getAreaName(data.zoneId);
                    if (!zoneName.empty())
                        bindMsg += " to " + zoneName;
                    bindMsg += '.';
                    addSystemChatMessage(bindMsg);
                }
            } else {
                LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_BINDPOINTUPDATE");
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_GOSSIP_COMPLETE:
            handleGossipComplete(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPIRIT_HEALER_CONFIRM: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) {
                LOG_WARNING("SMSG_SPIRIT_HEALER_CONFIRM too short");
                break;
            }
            uint64_t npcGuid = packet.readUInt64();
            LOG_INFO("Spirit healer confirm from 0x", std::hex, npcGuid, std::dec);
            if (npcGuid) {
                resurrectCasterGuid_ = npcGuid;
                resurrectCasterName_ = "";
                resurrectIsSpiritHealer_ = true;
                resurrectRequestPending_ = true;
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_RESURRECT_REQUEST: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) {
                LOG_WARNING("SMSG_RESURRECT_REQUEST too short");
                break;
            }
            uint64_t casterGuid = packet.readUInt64();
            // Optional caster name (CString, may be absent on some server builds)
            std::string casterName;
            if (packet.getReadPos() < packet.getSize()) {
                casterName = packet.readString();
            }
            LOG_INFO("Resurrect request from 0x", std::hex, casterGuid, std::dec,
                     " name='", casterName, "'");
            if (casterGuid) {
                resurrectCasterGuid_ = casterGuid;
                resurrectIsSpiritHealer_ = false;
                if (!casterName.empty()) {
                    resurrectCasterName_ = casterName;
                } else {
                    auto nit = playerNameCache.find(casterGuid);
                    resurrectCasterName_ = (nit != playerNameCache.end()) ? nit->second : "";
                }
                resurrectRequestPending_ = true;
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_TIME_SYNC_REQ: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) {
                LOG_WARNING("SMSG_TIME_SYNC_REQ too short");
                break;
            }
            uint32_t counter = packet.readUInt32();
            LOG_DEBUG("Time sync request counter: ", counter);
            if (socket) {
                network::Packet resp(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_TIME_SYNC_RESP));
                resp.writeUInt32(counter);
                resp.writeUInt32(nextMovementTimestampMs());
                socket->send(resp);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_LIST_INVENTORY:
            handleListInventory(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_TRAINER_LIST:
            handleTrainerList(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_TRAINER_BUY_SUCCEEDED: {
            uint64_t guid = packet.readUInt64();
            uint32_t spellId = packet.readUInt32();
            (void)guid;

            // Add to known spells immediately for prerequisite re-evaluation
            // (SMSG_LEARNED_SPELL may come separately, but we need immediate update)
            if (!knownSpells.count(spellId)) {
                knownSpells.insert(spellId);
                LOG_INFO("Added spell ", spellId, " to known spells (trainer purchase)");
            }

            const std::string& name = getSpellName(spellId);
            if (!name.empty())
                addSystemChatMessage("You have learned " + name + ".");
            else
                addSystemChatMessage("Spell learned.");
            if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
                if (auto* sfx = renderer->getUiSoundManager())
                    sfx->playQuestActivate();
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_TRAINER_BUY_FAILED: {
            // Server rejected the spell purchase
            // Packet format: uint64 trainerGuid, uint32 spellId, uint32 errorCode
            uint64_t trainerGuid = packet.readUInt64();
            uint32_t spellId = packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t errorCode = 0;
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                errorCode = packet.readUInt32();
            }
            LOG_WARNING("Trainer buy spell failed: guid=", trainerGuid,
                       " spellId=", spellId, " error=", errorCode);

            const std::string& spellName = getSpellName(spellId);
            std::string msg = "Cannot learn ";
            if (!spellName.empty()) msg += spellName;
            else msg += "spell #" + std::to_string(spellId);

            // Common error reasons
            if (errorCode == 0) msg += " (not enough money)";
            else if (errorCode == 1) msg += " (not enough skill)";
            else if (errorCode == 2) msg += " (already known)";
            else if (errorCode != 0) msg += " (error " + std::to_string(errorCode) + ")";

            addUIError(msg);
            addSystemChatMessage(msg);
            // Play error sound so the player notices the failure
            if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
                if (auto* sfx = renderer->getUiSoundManager())
                    sfx->playError();
            }
            break;
        }

        // Silently ignore common packets we don't handle yet
        case Opcode::SMSG_INIT_WORLD_STATES: {
            // WotLK format: uint32 mapId, uint32 zoneId, uint32 areaId, uint16 count, N*(uint32 key, uint32 val)
            // Classic/TBC format: uint32 mapId, uint32 zoneId, uint16 count, N*(uint32 key, uint32 val)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 10) {
                LOG_WARNING("SMSG_INIT_WORLD_STATES too short: ", packet.getSize(), " bytes");
                break;
            }
            worldStateMapId_ = packet.readUInt32();
            worldStateZoneId_ = packet.readUInt32();
            // WotLK adds areaId (uint32) before count; detect by checking if payload would be consistent
            size_t remaining = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
            bool isWotLKFormat = isActiveExpansion("wotlk") || isActiveExpansion("turtle");
            if (isWotLKFormat && remaining >= 6) {
                packet.readUInt32(); // areaId (WotLK only)
            }
            uint16_t count = packet.readUInt16();
            size_t needed = static_cast<size_t>(count) * 8;
            size_t available = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
            if (available < needed) {
                // Be tolerant across expansion/private-core variants: if packet shape
                // still looks like N*(key,val) dwords, parse what is present.
                if ((available % 8) == 0) {
                    uint16_t adjustedCount = static_cast<uint16_t>(available / 8);
                    LOG_WARNING("SMSG_INIT_WORLD_STATES count mismatch: header=", count,
                                " adjusted=", adjustedCount, " (available=", available, ")");
                    count = adjustedCount;
                    needed = available;
                } else {
                    LOG_WARNING("SMSG_INIT_WORLD_STATES truncated: expected ", needed,
                                " bytes of state pairs, got ", available);
                    packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
                    break;
                }
            }
            worldStates_.clear();
            worldStates_.reserve(count);
            for (uint16_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
                uint32_t key = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t val = packet.readUInt32();
                worldStates_[key] = val;
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_INITIALIZE_FACTIONS: {
            // Minimal parse: uint32 count, repeated (uint8 flags, int32 standing)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) {
                LOG_WARNING("SMSG_INITIALIZE_FACTIONS too short: ", packet.getSize(), " bytes");
                break;
            }
            uint32_t count = packet.readUInt32();
            size_t needed = static_cast<size_t>(count) * 5;
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < needed) {
                LOG_WARNING("SMSG_INITIALIZE_FACTIONS truncated: expected ", needed,
                            " bytes of faction data, got ", packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos());
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
                break;
            }
            initialFactions_.clear();
            initialFactions_.reserve(count);
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
                FactionStandingInit fs{};
                fs.flags = packet.readUInt8();
                fs.standing = static_cast<int32_t>(packet.readUInt32());
                initialFactions_.push_back(fs);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_SET_FACTION_STANDING: {
            // uint8 showVisualEffect + uint32 count + count × (uint32 factionId + int32 standing)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 5) break;
            /*uint8_t showVisual =*/ packet.readUInt8();
            uint32_t count = packet.readUInt32();
            count = std::min(count, 128u);
            loadFactionNameCache();
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count && packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8; ++i) {
                uint32_t factionId = packet.readUInt32();
                int32_t  standing  = static_cast<int32_t>(packet.readUInt32());
                int32_t  oldStanding = 0;
                auto it = factionStandings_.find(factionId);
                if (it != factionStandings_.end()) oldStanding = it->second;
                factionStandings_[factionId] = standing;
                int32_t delta = standing - oldStanding;
                if (delta != 0) {
                    std::string name = getFactionName(factionId);
                    char buf[256];
                    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Reputation with %s %s by %d.",
                                  name.c_str(),
                                  delta > 0 ? "increased" : "decreased",
                                  std::abs(delta));
                    addSystemChatMessage(buf);
                    watchedFactionId_ = factionId;
                    if (repChangeCallback_) repChangeCallback_(name, delta, standing);
                }
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_SET_FACTION_STANDING: faction=", factionId, " standing=", standing);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_SET_FACTION_ATWAR: {
            // uint32 repListId + uint8 set (1=set at-war, 0=clear at-war)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 5) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint32_t repListId = packet.readUInt32();
            uint8_t  setAtWar  = packet.readUInt8();
            if (repListId < initialFactions_.size()) {
                if (setAtWar)
                    initialFactions_[repListId].flags |=  FACTION_FLAG_AT_WAR;
                else
                    initialFactions_[repListId].flags &= ~FACTION_FLAG_AT_WAR;
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_SET_FACTION_ATWAR: repListId=", repListId,
                          " atWar=", (int)setAtWar);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_SET_FACTION_VISIBLE: {
            // uint32 repListId + uint8 visible (1=show, 0=hide)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 5) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint32_t repListId = packet.readUInt32();
            uint8_t  visible   = packet.readUInt8();
            if (repListId < initialFactions_.size()) {
                if (visible)
                    initialFactions_[repListId].flags |=  FACTION_FLAG_VISIBLE;
                else
                    initialFactions_[repListId].flags &= ~FACTION_FLAG_VISIBLE;
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_SET_FACTION_VISIBLE: repListId=", repListId,
                          " visible=", (int)visible);
            }
            break;
        }

        case Opcode::SMSG_FEATURE_SYSTEM_STATUS:
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_SET_FLAT_SPELL_MODIFIER:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SET_PCT_SPELL_MODIFIER: {
            // WotLK format: one or more (uint8 groupIndex, uint8 modOp, int32 value) tuples
            // Each tuple is 6 bytes; iterate until packet is consumed.
            const bool isFlat = (*logicalOp == Opcode::SMSG_SET_FLAT_SPELL_MODIFIER);
            auto& modMap = isFlat ? spellFlatMods_ : spellPctMods_;
            while (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 6) {
                uint8_t groupIndex = packet.readUInt8();
                uint8_t modOpRaw   = packet.readUInt8();
                int32_t value      = static_cast<int32_t>(packet.readUInt32());
                if (groupIndex > 5 || modOpRaw >= SPELL_MOD_OP_COUNT) continue;
                SpellModKey key{ static_cast<SpellModOp>(modOpRaw), groupIndex };
                modMap[key] = value;
                LOG_DEBUG(isFlat ? "SMSG_SET_FLAT_SPELL_MODIFIER" : "SMSG_SET_PCT_SPELL_MODIFIER",
                          ": group=", (int)groupIndex, " op=", (int)modOpRaw, " value=", value);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }

        case Opcode::SMSG_SPELL_DELAYED: {
            // WotLK: packed_guid (caster) + uint32 delayMs
            // TBC/Classic: uint64 (caster) + uint32 delayMs
            const bool spellDelayTbcLike = isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (spellDelayTbcLike ? 8u : 1u)) break;
            uint64_t caster = spellDelayTbcLike
                ? packet.readUInt64()
                : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
            uint32_t delayMs = packet.readUInt32();
            if (delayMs == 0) break;
            float delaySec = delayMs / 1000.0f;
            if (caster == playerGuid) {
                if (casting) castTimeRemaining += delaySec;
            } else {
                auto it = unitCastStates_.find(caster);
                if (it != unitCastStates_.end() && it->second.casting) {
                    it->second.timeRemaining += delaySec;
                    it->second.timeTotal     += delaySec;
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_EQUIPMENT_SET_SAVED: {
            // uint32 setIndex + uint64 guid — equipment set was successfully saved
            std::string setName;
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 12) {
                uint32_t setIndex = packet.readUInt32();
                uint64_t setGuid  = packet.readUInt64();
                for (const auto& es : equipmentSets_) {
                    if (es.setGuid == setGuid ||
                        (es.setGuid == 0 && es.setId == setIndex)) {
                        setName = es.name;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                (void)setIndex;
            }
            addSystemChatMessage(setName.empty()
                ? std::string("Equipment set saved.")
                : "Equipment set \"" + setName + "\" saved.");
            LOG_DEBUG("Equipment set saved");
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_PERIODICAURALOG: {
            // WotLK: packed_guid victim + packed_guid caster + uint32 spellId + uint32 count + effects
            // TBC: full uint64 victim + uint64 caster + uint32 spellId + uint32 count + effects
            // Classic/Vanilla: packed_guid (same as WotLK)
            const bool periodicTbc = isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            const size_t guidMinSz = periodicTbc ? 8u : 2u;
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < guidMinSz) break;
            uint64_t victimGuid = periodicTbc
                ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < guidMinSz) break;
            uint64_t casterGuid = periodicTbc
                ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) break;
            uint32_t spellId = packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t count   = packet.readUInt32();
            bool isPlayerVictim = (victimGuid == playerGuid);
            bool isPlayerCaster = (casterGuid == playerGuid);
            if (!isPlayerVictim && !isPlayerCaster) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
                break;
            }
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count && packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1; ++i) {
                uint8_t auraType = packet.readUInt8();
                if (auraType == 3 || auraType == 89) {
                    // Classic/TBC: damage(4)+school(4)+absorbed(4)+resisted(4)  = 16 bytes
                    // WotLK 3.3.5a: damage(4)+overkill(4)+school(4)+absorbed(4)+resisted(4) = 20 bytes
                    const bool periodicWotlk = isActiveExpansion("wotlk");
                    const size_t dotSz = periodicWotlk ? 20u : 16u;
                    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < dotSz) break;
                    uint32_t dmg      = packet.readUInt32();
                    if (periodicWotlk) /*uint32_t overkill=*/ packet.readUInt32();
                    /*uint32_t school=*/ packet.readUInt32();
                    uint32_t abs      = packet.readUInt32();
                    uint32_t res      = packet.readUInt32();
                    if (dmg > 0)
                        addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::PERIODIC_DAMAGE, static_cast<int32_t>(dmg),
                                      spellId, isPlayerCaster, 0, casterGuid, victimGuid);
                    if (abs > 0)
                        addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::ABSORB, static_cast<int32_t>(abs),
                                      spellId, isPlayerCaster, 0, casterGuid, victimGuid);
                    if (res > 0)
                        addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::RESIST, static_cast<int32_t>(res),
                                      spellId, isPlayerCaster, 0, casterGuid, victimGuid);
                } else if (auraType == 8 || auraType == 124 || auraType == 45) {
                    // Classic/TBC: heal(4)+maxHeal(4)+overHeal(4)                  = 12 bytes
                    // WotLK 3.3.5a: heal(4)+maxHeal(4)+overHeal(4)+absorbed(4)+isCrit(1) = 17 bytes
                    const bool healWotlk = isActiveExpansion("wotlk");
                    const size_t hotSz = healWotlk ? 17u : 12u;
                    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < hotSz) break;
                    uint32_t heal    = packet.readUInt32();
                    /*uint32_t max=*/  packet.readUInt32();
                    /*uint32_t over=*/ packet.readUInt32();
                    uint32_t hotAbs  = 0;
                    if (healWotlk) {
                        hotAbs = packet.readUInt32();
                        /*uint8_t isCrit=*/ packet.readUInt8();
                    }
                    addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::PERIODIC_HEAL, static_cast<int32_t>(heal),
                                  spellId, isPlayerCaster, 0, casterGuid, victimGuid);
                    if (hotAbs > 0)
                        addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::ABSORB, static_cast<int32_t>(hotAbs),
                                      spellId, isPlayerCaster, 0, casterGuid, victimGuid);
                } else if (auraType == 46 || auraType == 91) {
                    // OBS_MOD_POWER / PERIODIC_ENERGIZE: miscValue(powerType) + amount
                    // Common in WotLK: Replenishment, Mana Spring Totem, Divine Plea, etc.
                    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) break;
                    uint8_t periodicPowerType = static_cast<uint8_t>(packet.readUInt32());
                    uint32_t amount = packet.readUInt32();
                    if ((isPlayerVictim || isPlayerCaster) && amount > 0)
                        addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::ENERGIZE, static_cast<int32_t>(amount),
                                      spellId, isPlayerCaster, periodicPowerType, casterGuid, victimGuid);
                } else if (auraType == 98) {
                    // PERIODIC_MANA_LEECH: miscValue(powerType) + amount + float multiplier
                    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 12) break;
                    uint8_t powerType = static_cast<uint8_t>(packet.readUInt32());
                    uint32_t amount = packet.readUInt32();
                    float multiplier = packet.readFloat();
                    if (isPlayerVictim && amount > 0)
                        addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::POWER_DRAIN, static_cast<int32_t>(amount),
                                      spellId, false, powerType, casterGuid, victimGuid);
                    if (isPlayerCaster && amount > 0 && multiplier > 0.0f && std::isfinite(multiplier)) {
                        const uint32_t gainedAmount = static_cast<uint32_t>(
                            std::lround(static_cast<double>(amount) * static_cast<double>(multiplier)));
                        if (gainedAmount > 0) {
                            addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::ENERGIZE, static_cast<int32_t>(gainedAmount),
                                          spellId, true, powerType, casterGuid, casterGuid);
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    // Unknown/untracked aura type — stop parsing this event safely
                    packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
                    break;
                }
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPELLENERGIZELOG: {
            // WotLK: packed_guid victim + packed_guid caster + uint32 spellId + uint8 powerType + int32 amount
            // TBC: full uint64 victim + uint64 caster + uint32 spellId + uint8 powerType + int32 amount
            // Classic/Vanilla: packed_guid (same as WotLK)
            const bool energizeTbc = isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            auto readEnergizeGuid = [&]() -> uint64_t {
                if (energizeTbc)
                    return (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) ? packet.readUInt64() : 0;
                return UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            };
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (energizeTbc ? 8u : 1u)
                || (!energizeTbc && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t victimGuid = readEnergizeGuid();
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (energizeTbc ? 8u : 1u)
                || (!energizeTbc && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t casterGuid = readEnergizeGuid();
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 9) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint32_t spellId       = packet.readUInt32();
            uint8_t  energizePowerType = packet.readUInt8();
            int32_t  amount        = static_cast<int32_t>(packet.readUInt32());
            bool isPlayerVictim = (victimGuid == playerGuid);
            bool isPlayerCaster = (casterGuid == playerGuid);
            if ((isPlayerVictim || isPlayerCaster) && amount > 0)
                addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::ENERGIZE, amount, spellId, isPlayerCaster, energizePowerType, casterGuid, victimGuid);
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_ENVIRONMENTAL_DAMAGE_LOG: {
            // uint64 victimGuid + uint8 envDmgType + uint32 damage + uint32 absorbed + uint32 resisted
            // envDmgType: 0=Exhausted(fatigue), 1=Drowning, 2=Fall, 3=Lava, 4=Slime, 5=Fire
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 21) { packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break; }
            uint64_t victimGuid  = packet.readUInt64();
            uint8_t envType      = packet.readUInt8();
            uint32_t dmg         = packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t envAbs      = packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t envRes      = packet.readUInt32();
            if (victimGuid == playerGuid) {
                // Environmental damage: pass envType via powerType field for display differentiation
                if (dmg > 0)
                    addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::ENVIRONMENTAL, static_cast<int32_t>(dmg), 0, false, envType, 0, victimGuid);
                if (envAbs > 0)
                    addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::ABSORB, static_cast<int32_t>(envAbs), 0, false, 0, 0, victimGuid);
                if (envRes > 0)
                    addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::RESIST, static_cast<int32_t>(envRes), 0, false, 0, 0, victimGuid);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_SET_PROFICIENCY: {
            // uint8 itemClass + uint32 itemSubClassMask
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 5) break;
            uint8_t  itemClass = packet.readUInt8();
            uint32_t mask      = packet.readUInt32();
            if (itemClass == 2) {      // Weapon
                weaponProficiency_ = mask;
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_SET_PROFICIENCY: weapon mask=0x", std::hex, mask, std::dec);
            } else if (itemClass == 4) { // Armor
                armorProficiency_ = mask;
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_SET_PROFICIENCY: armor mask=0x", std::hex, mask, std::dec);
            }
            break;
        }

        case Opcode::SMSG_ACTION_BUTTONS: {
            // Slot encoding differs by expansion:
            //   Classic/Turtle: uint16 actionId + uint8 type + uint8 misc
            //     type: 0=spell, 1=item, 64=macro
            //   TBC/WotLK: uint32 packed = actionId | (type << 24)
            //     type: 0x00=spell, 0x80=item, 0x40=macro
            // Format differences:
            //   Classic 1.12: no mode byte, 120 slots (480 bytes)
            //   TBC 2.4.3:    no mode byte, 132 slots (528 bytes)
            //   WotLK 3.3.5a: uint8 mode + 144 slots (577 bytes)
            size_t rem = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
            const bool hasModeByteExp = isActiveExpansion("wotlk");
            int serverBarSlots;
            if (isClassicLikeExpansion()) {
                serverBarSlots = 120;
            } else if (isActiveExpansion("tbc")) {
                serverBarSlots = 132;
            } else {
                serverBarSlots = 144;
            }
            if (hasModeByteExp) {
                if (rem < 1) break;
                /*uint8_t mode =*/ packet.readUInt8();
                rem--;
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < serverBarSlots; ++i) {
                if (rem < 4) break;
                uint32_t packed = packet.readUInt32();
                rem -= 4;
                if (i >= ACTION_BAR_SLOTS) continue;  // only load bars 1 and 2
                if (packed == 0) {
                    // Empty slot — only clear if not already set to Attack/Hearthstone defaults
                    // so we don't wipe hardcoded fallbacks when the server sends zeros.
                    continue;
                }
                uint8_t type = 0;
                uint32_t id = 0;
                if (isClassicLikeExpansion()) {
                    id = packed & 0x0000FFFFu;
                    type = static_cast<uint8_t>((packed >> 16) & 0xFF);
                } else {
                    type = static_cast<uint8_t>((packed >> 24) & 0xFF);
                    id = packed & 0x00FFFFFFu;
                }
                if (id == 0) continue;
                ActionBarSlot slot;
                switch (type) {
                    case 0x00: slot.type = ActionBarSlot::SPELL; slot.id = id; break;
                    case 0x01: slot.type = ActionBarSlot::ITEM;  slot.id = id; break;
                    case 0x80: slot.type = ActionBarSlot::ITEM;  slot.id = id; break;
                    default:   continue;  // macro or unknown — leave as-is
                }
                actionBar[i] = slot;
            }
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_ACTION_BUTTONS: populated action bar from server");
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }

        case Opcode::SMSG_LEVELUP_INFO:
        case Opcode::SMSG_LEVELUP_INFO_ALT: {
            // Server-authoritative level-up event.
            // WotLK layout: uint32 newLevel + uint32 hpDelta + uint32 manaDelta + 5x uint32 statDeltas
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t newLevel = packet.readUInt32();
                if (newLevel > 0) {
                    // Parse stat deltas (WotLK layout has 7 more uint32s)
                    lastLevelUpDeltas_ = {};
                    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 28) {
                        lastLevelUpDeltas_.hp    = packet.readUInt32();
                        lastLevelUpDeltas_.mana  = packet.readUInt32();
                        lastLevelUpDeltas_.str   = packet.readUInt32();
                        lastLevelUpDeltas_.agi   = packet.readUInt32();
                        lastLevelUpDeltas_.sta   = packet.readUInt32();
                        lastLevelUpDeltas_.intel = packet.readUInt32();
                        lastLevelUpDeltas_.spi   = packet.readUInt32();
                    }
                    uint32_t oldLevel = serverPlayerLevel_;
                    serverPlayerLevel_ = std::max(serverPlayerLevel_, newLevel);
                    for (auto& ch : characters) {
                        if (ch.guid == playerGuid) {
                            ch.level = serverPlayerLevel_;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    if (newLevel > oldLevel) {
                        addSystemChatMessage("You have reached level " + std::to_string(newLevel) + "!");
                        if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
                            if (auto* sfx = renderer->getUiSoundManager())
                                sfx->playLevelUp();
                        }
                        if (levelUpCallback_) levelUpCallback_(newLevel);
                    }
                }
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }

        case Opcode::SMSG_PLAY_SOUND:
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t soundId = packet.readUInt32();
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_PLAY_SOUND id=", soundId);
                if (playSoundCallback_) playSoundCallback_(soundId);
            }
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_SERVER_MESSAGE: {
            // uint32 type + string message
            // Types: 1=shutdown_time, 2=restart_time, 3=string, 4=shutdown_cancelled, 5=restart_cancelled
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t msgType = packet.readUInt32();
                std::string msg = packet.readString();
                if (!msg.empty()) {
                    std::string prefix;
                    switch (msgType) {
                        case 1: prefix = "[Shutdown] ";   addUIError("Server shutdown: " + msg);  break;
                        case 2: prefix = "[Restart] ";    addUIError("Server restart: " + msg);   break;
                        case 4: prefix = "[Shutdown cancelled] "; break;
                        case 5: prefix = "[Restart cancelled] ";  break;
                        default: prefix = "[Server] "; break;
                    }
                    addSystemChatMessage(prefix + msg);
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_CHAT_SERVER_MESSAGE: {
            // uint32 type + string text
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                /*uint32_t msgType =*/ packet.readUInt32();
                std::string msg = packet.readString();
                if (!msg.empty()) addSystemChatMessage("[Announcement] " + msg);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_AREA_TRIGGER_MESSAGE: {
            // uint32 size, then string
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                /*uint32_t len =*/ packet.readUInt32();
                std::string msg = packet.readString();
                if (!msg.empty()) {
                    addUIError(msg);
                    addSystemChatMessage(msg);
                    areaTriggerMsgs_.push_back(msg);
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_TRIGGER_CINEMATIC:
            // uint32 cinematicId — we don't play cinematics; consume and skip.
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_TRIGGER_CINEMATIC: skipped");
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_LOOT_MONEY_NOTIFY: {
            // Format: uint32 money + uint8 soleLooter
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t amount = packet.readUInt32();
                if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
                    /*uint8_t soleLooter =*/ packet.readUInt8();
                }
                playerMoneyCopper_ += amount;
                pendingMoneyDelta_ = amount;
                pendingMoneyDeltaTimer_ = 2.0f;
                LOG_INFO("Looted ", amount, " copper (total: ", playerMoneyCopper_, ")");
                uint64_t notifyGuid = pendingLootMoneyGuid_ != 0 ? pendingLootMoneyGuid_ : currentLoot.lootGuid;
                pendingLootMoneyGuid_ = 0;
                pendingLootMoneyAmount_ = 0;
                pendingLootMoneyNotifyTimer_ = 0.0f;
                bool alreadyAnnounced = false;
                auto it = localLootState_.find(notifyGuid);
                if (it != localLootState_.end()) {
                    alreadyAnnounced = it->second.moneyTaken;
                    it->second.moneyTaken = true;
                }
                if (!alreadyAnnounced) {
                    addSystemChatMessage("Looted: " + formatCopperAmount(amount));
                    auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer();
                    if (renderer) {
                        if (auto* sfx = renderer->getUiSoundManager()) {
                            if (amount >= 10000) {
                                sfx->playLootCoinLarge();
                            } else {
                                sfx->playLootCoinSmall();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if (notifyGuid != 0) {
                        recentLootMoneyAnnounceCooldowns_[notifyGuid] = 1.5f;
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_LOOT_CLEAR_MONEY:
        case Opcode::SMSG_NPC_TEXT_UPDATE:
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_SELL_ITEM: {
            // uint64 vendorGuid, uint64 itemGuid, uint8 result
            if ((packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos()) >= 17) {
                uint64_t vendorGuid = packet.readUInt64();
                uint64_t itemGuid = packet.readUInt64(); // itemGuid
                uint8_t result = packet.readUInt8();
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_SELL_ITEM: vendorGuid=0x", std::hex, vendorGuid,
                         " itemGuid=0x", itemGuid, std::dec,
                         " result=", static_cast<int>(result));
                if (result == 0) {
                    pendingSellToBuyback_.erase(itemGuid);
                    if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
                        if (auto* sfx = renderer->getUiSoundManager())
                            sfx->playDropOnGround();
                    }
                } else {
                    bool removedPending = false;
                    auto it = pendingSellToBuyback_.find(itemGuid);
                    if (it != pendingSellToBuyback_.end()) {
                        for (auto bit = buybackItems_.begin(); bit != buybackItems_.end(); ++bit) {
                            if (bit->itemGuid == itemGuid) {
                                buybackItems_.erase(bit);
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                        pendingSellToBuyback_.erase(it);
                        removedPending = true;
                    }
                    if (!removedPending) {
                        // Some cores return a non-item GUID on sell failure; drop the newest
                        // optimistic entry if it is still pending so stale rows don't block buyback.
                        if (!buybackItems_.empty()) {
                            uint64_t frontGuid = buybackItems_.front().itemGuid;
                            if (pendingSellToBuyback_.erase(frontGuid) > 0) {
                                buybackItems_.pop_front();
                                removedPending = true;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if (!removedPending && !pendingSellToBuyback_.empty()) {
                        // Last-resort desync recovery.
                        pendingSellToBuyback_.clear();
                        buybackItems_.clear();
                    }
                    static const char* sellErrors[] = {
                        "OK", "Can't find item", "Can't sell item",
                        "Can't find vendor", "You don't own that item",
                        "Unknown error", "Only empty bag"
                    };
                    const char* msg = (result < 7) ? sellErrors[result] : "Unknown sell error";
                    addUIError(std::string("Sell failed: ") + msg);
                    addSystemChatMessage(std::string("Sell failed: ") + msg);
                    if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
                        if (auto* sfx = renderer->getUiSoundManager())
                            sfx->playError();
                    }
                    LOG_WARNING("SMSG_SELL_ITEM error: ", (int)result, " (", msg, ")");
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_INVENTORY_CHANGE_FAILURE: {
            if ((packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos()) >= 1) {
                uint8_t error = packet.readUInt8();
                if (error != 0) {
                    LOG_WARNING("SMSG_INVENTORY_CHANGE_FAILURE: error=", (int)error);
                    // After error byte: item_guid1(8) + item_guid2(8) + bag_slot(1) = 17 bytes
                    uint32_t requiredLevel = 0;
                    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 17) {
                        packet.readUInt64(); // item_guid1
                        packet.readUInt64(); // item_guid2
                        packet.readUInt8();  // bag_slot
                        // Error 1 = EQUIP_ERR_LEVEL_REQ: server appends required level as uint32
                        if (error == 1 && packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4)
                            requiredLevel = packet.readUInt32();
                    }
                    // InventoryResult enum (AzerothCore 3.3.5a)
                    const char* errMsg = nullptr;
                    char levelBuf[64];
                    switch (error) {
                        case 1:
                            if (requiredLevel > 0) {
                                std::snprintf(levelBuf, sizeof(levelBuf),
                                              "You must reach level %u to use that item.", requiredLevel);
                                addUIError(levelBuf);
                                addSystemChatMessage(levelBuf);
                            } else {
                                addUIError("You must reach a higher level to use that item.");
                                addSystemChatMessage("You must reach a higher level to use that item.");
                            }
                            break;
                        case 2:  errMsg = "You don't have the required skill."; break;
                        case 3:  errMsg = "That item doesn't go in that slot."; break;
                        case 4:  errMsg = "That bag is full."; break;
                        case 5:  errMsg = "Can't put bags in bags."; break;
                        case 6:  errMsg = "Can't trade equipped bags."; break;
                        case 7:  errMsg = "That slot only holds ammo."; break;
                        case 8:  errMsg = "You can't use that item."; break;
                        case 9:  errMsg = "No equipment slot available."; break;
                        case 10: errMsg = "You can never use that item."; break;
                        case 11: errMsg = "You can never use that item."; break;
                        case 12: errMsg = "No equipment slot available."; break;
                        case 13: errMsg = "Can't equip with a two-handed weapon."; break;
                        case 14: errMsg = "Can't dual-wield."; break;
                        case 15: errMsg = "That item doesn't go in that bag."; break;
                        case 16: errMsg = "That item doesn't go in that bag."; break;
                        case 17: errMsg = "You can't carry any more of those."; break;
                        case 18: errMsg = "No equipment slot available."; break;
                        case 19: errMsg = "Can't stack those items."; break;
                        case 20: errMsg = "That item can't be equipped."; break;
                        case 21: errMsg = "Can't swap items."; break;
                        case 22: errMsg = "That slot is empty."; break;
                        case 23: errMsg = "Item not found."; break;
                        case 24: errMsg = "Can't drop soulbound items."; break;
                        case 25: errMsg = "Out of range."; break;
                        case 26: errMsg = "Need to split more than 1."; break;
                        case 27: errMsg = "Split failed."; break;
                        case 28: errMsg = "Not enough reagents."; break;
                        case 29: errMsg = "Not enough money."; break;
                        case 30: errMsg = "Not a bag."; break;
                        case 31: errMsg = "Can't destroy non-empty bag."; break;
                        case 32: errMsg = "You don't own that item."; break;
                        case 33: errMsg = "You can only have one quiver."; break;
                        case 34: errMsg = "No free bank slots."; break;
                        case 35: errMsg = "No bank here."; break;
                        case 36: errMsg = "Item is locked."; break;
                        case 37: errMsg = "You are stunned."; break;
                        case 38: errMsg = "You are dead."; break;
                        case 39: errMsg = "Can't do that right now."; break;
                        case 40: errMsg = "Internal bag error."; break;
                        case 49: errMsg = "Loot is gone."; break;
                        case 50: errMsg = "Inventory is full."; break;
                        case 51: errMsg = "Bank is full."; break;
                        case 52: errMsg = "That item is sold out."; break;
                        case 58: errMsg = "That object is busy."; break;
                        case 60: errMsg = "Can't do that in combat."; break;
                        case 61: errMsg = "Can't do that while disarmed."; break;
                        case 63: errMsg = "Requires a higher rank."; break;
                        case 64: errMsg = "Requires higher reputation."; break;
                        case 67: errMsg = "That item is unique-equipped."; break;
                        case 69: errMsg = "Not enough honor points."; break;
                        case 70: errMsg = "Not enough arena points."; break;
                        case 77: errMsg = "Too much gold."; break;
                        case 78: errMsg = "Can't do that during arena match."; break;
                        case 80: errMsg = "Requires a personal arena rating."; break;
                        case 87: errMsg = "Requires a higher level."; break;
                        case 88: errMsg = "Requires the right talent."; break;
                        default: break;
                    }
                    std::string msg = errMsg ? errMsg : "Inventory error (" + std::to_string(error) + ").";
                    addUIError(msg);
                    addSystemChatMessage(msg);
                    if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
                        if (auto* sfx = renderer->getUiSoundManager())
                            sfx->playError();
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_BUY_FAILED: {
            // vendorGuid(8) + itemId(4) + errorCode(1)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 13) {
                uint64_t vendorGuid = packet.readUInt64();
                uint32_t itemIdOrSlot = packet.readUInt32();
                uint8_t errCode = packet.readUInt8();
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_BUY_FAILED: vendorGuid=0x", std::hex, vendorGuid, std::dec,
                         " item/slot=", itemIdOrSlot,
                         " err=", static_cast<int>(errCode),
                         " pendingBuybackSlot=", pendingBuybackSlot_,
                         " pendingBuybackWireSlot=", pendingBuybackWireSlot_,
                         " pendingBuyItemId=", pendingBuyItemId_,
                         " pendingBuyItemSlot=", pendingBuyItemSlot_);
                if (pendingBuybackSlot_ >= 0) {
                    // Some cores require probing absolute buyback slots until a live entry is found.
                    if (errCode == 0) {
                        constexpr uint16_t kWotlkCmsgBuybackItemOpcode = 0x290;
                        constexpr uint32_t kBuybackSlotEnd = 85;
                        if (pendingBuybackWireSlot_ >= 74 && pendingBuybackWireSlot_ < kBuybackSlotEnd &&
                            socket && state == WorldState::IN_WORLD && currentVendorItems.vendorGuid != 0) {
                            ++pendingBuybackWireSlot_;
                            LOG_INFO("Buyback retry: vendorGuid=0x", std::hex, currentVendorItems.vendorGuid,
                                     std::dec, " uiSlot=", pendingBuybackSlot_,
                                     " wireSlot=", pendingBuybackWireSlot_);
                            network::Packet retry(kWotlkCmsgBuybackItemOpcode);
                            retry.writeUInt64(currentVendorItems.vendorGuid);
                            retry.writeUInt32(pendingBuybackWireSlot_);
                            socket->send(retry);
                            break;
                        }
                        // Exhausted slot probe: drop stale local row and advance.
                        if (pendingBuybackSlot_ < static_cast<int>(buybackItems_.size())) {
                            buybackItems_.erase(buybackItems_.begin() + pendingBuybackSlot_);
                        }
                        pendingBuybackSlot_ = -1;
                        pendingBuybackWireSlot_ = 0;
                        if (currentVendorItems.vendorGuid != 0 && socket && state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
                            auto pkt = ListInventoryPacket::build(currentVendorItems.vendorGuid);
                            socket->send(pkt);
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                    pendingBuybackSlot_ = -1;
                    pendingBuybackWireSlot_ = 0;
                }

                const char* msg = "Purchase failed.";
                switch (errCode) {
                    case 0: msg = "Purchase failed: item not found."; break;
                    case 2: msg = "You don't have enough money."; break;
                    case 4: msg = "Seller is too far away."; break;
                    case 5: msg = "That item is sold out."; break;
                    case 6: msg = "You can't carry any more items."; break;
                    default: break;
                }
                addUIError(msg);
                addSystemChatMessage(msg);
                if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
                    if (auto* sfx = renderer->getUiSoundManager())
                        sfx->playError();
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::MSG_RAID_TARGET_UPDATE: {
            // uint8 type: 0 = full update (8 × (uint8 icon + uint64 guid)),
            //             1 = single update (uint8 icon + uint64 guid)
            size_t remRTU = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
            if (remRTU < 1) break;
            uint8_t rtuType = packet.readUInt8();
            if (rtuType == 0) {
                // Full update: always 8 entries
                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < kRaidMarkCount; ++i) {
                    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 9) break;
                    uint8_t  icon = packet.readUInt8();
                    uint64_t guid = packet.readUInt64();
                    if (icon < kRaidMarkCount)
                        raidTargetGuids_[icon] = guid;
                }
            } else {
                // Single update
                if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 9) {
                    uint8_t  icon = packet.readUInt8();
                    uint64_t guid = packet.readUInt64();
                    if (icon < kRaidMarkCount)
                        raidTargetGuids_[icon] = guid;
                }
            }
            LOG_DEBUG("MSG_RAID_TARGET_UPDATE: type=", static_cast<int>(rtuType));
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_BUY_ITEM: {
            // uint64 vendorGuid + uint32 vendorSlot + int32 newCount + uint32 itemCount
            // Confirms a successful CMSG_BUY_ITEM. The inventory update arrives via SMSG_UPDATE_OBJECT.
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 20) {
                /*uint64_t vendorGuid =*/ packet.readUInt64();
                /*uint32_t vendorSlot =*/ packet.readUInt32();
                /*int32_t  newCount   =*/ static_cast<int32_t>(packet.readUInt32());
                uint32_t itemCount  = packet.readUInt32();
                // Show purchase confirmation with item name if available
                if (pendingBuyItemId_ != 0) {
                    std::string itemLabel;
                    uint32_t buyQuality = 1;
                    if (const ItemQueryResponseData* info = getItemInfo(pendingBuyItemId_)) {
                        if (!info->name.empty()) itemLabel = info->name;
                        buyQuality = info->quality;
                    }
                    if (itemLabel.empty()) itemLabel = "item #" + std::to_string(pendingBuyItemId_);
                    std::string msg = "Purchased: " + buildItemLink(pendingBuyItemId_, buyQuality, itemLabel);
                    if (itemCount > 1) msg += " x" + std::to_string(itemCount);
                    addSystemChatMessage(msg);
                    if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
                        if (auto* sfx = renderer->getUiSoundManager())
                            sfx->playPickupBag();
                    }
                }
                pendingBuyItemId_   = 0;
                pendingBuyItemSlot_ = 0;
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_CRITERIA_UPDATE: {
            // uint32 criteriaId + uint64 progress + uint32 elapsedTime + uint32 creationTime
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 20) {
                uint32_t criteriaId    = packet.readUInt32();
                uint64_t progress      = packet.readUInt64();
                packet.readUInt32(); // elapsedTime
                packet.readUInt32(); // creationTime
                criteriaProgress_[criteriaId] = progress;
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_CRITERIA_UPDATE: id=", criteriaId, " progress=", progress);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_BARBER_SHOP_RESULT: {
            // uint32 result (0 = success, 1 = no money, 2 = not barber, 3 = sitting)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t result = packet.readUInt32();
                if (result == 0) {
                    addSystemChatMessage("Hairstyle changed.");
                } else {
                    const char* msg = (result == 1) ? "Not enough money for new hairstyle."
                                    : (result == 2) ? "You are not at a barber shop."
                                    : (result == 3) ? "You must stand up to use the barber shop."
                                    : "Barber shop unavailable.";
                    addUIError(msg);
                    addSystemChatMessage(msg);
                }
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_BARBER_SHOP_RESULT: result=", result);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_OVERRIDE_LIGHT: {
            // uint32 currentZoneLightId + uint32 overrideLightId + uint32 transitionMs
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 12) {
                uint32_t zoneLightId     = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t overrideLightId = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t transitionMs    = packet.readUInt32();
                overrideLightId_      = overrideLightId;
                overrideLightTransMs_ = transitionMs;
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_OVERRIDE_LIGHT: zone=", zoneLightId,
                          " override=", overrideLightId, " transition=", transitionMs, "ms");
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_WEATHER: {
            // Classic 1.12: uint32 weatherType + float intensity (8 bytes, no isAbrupt)
            // TBC 2.4.3 / WotLK 3.3.5a: uint32 weatherType + float intensity + uint8 isAbrupt (9 bytes)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
                uint32_t wType = packet.readUInt32();
                float wIntensity = packet.readFloat();
                if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1)
                    /*uint8_t isAbrupt =*/ packet.readUInt8();
                uint32_t prevWeatherType = weatherType_;
                weatherType_ = wType;
                weatherIntensity_ = wIntensity;
                const char* typeName = (wType == 1) ? "Rain" : (wType == 2) ? "Snow" : (wType == 3) ? "Storm" : "Clear";
                LOG_INFO("Weather changed: type=", wType, " (", typeName, "), intensity=", wIntensity);
                // Announce weather changes (including initial zone weather)
                if (wType != prevWeatherType) {
                    const char* weatherMsg = nullptr;
                    if (wIntensity < 0.05f || wType == 0) {
                        if (prevWeatherType != 0)
                            weatherMsg = "The weather clears.";
                    } else if (wType == 1) {
                        weatherMsg = "It begins to rain.";
                    } else if (wType == 2) {
                        weatherMsg = "It begins to snow.";
                    } else if (wType == 3) {
                        weatherMsg = "A storm rolls in.";
                    }
                    if (weatherMsg) addSystemChatMessage(weatherMsg);
                }
                // Storm transition: trigger a low-frequency thunder rumble shake
                if (wType == 3 && wIntensity > 0.3f && cameraShakeCallback_) {
                    float mag = 0.03f + wIntensity * 0.04f; // 0.03–0.07 units
                    cameraShakeCallback_(mag, 6.0f, 0.6f);
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_SCRIPT_MESSAGE: {
            // Server-script text message — display in system chat
            std::string msg = packet.readString();
            if (!msg.empty()) {
                addSystemChatMessage(msg);
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_SCRIPT_MESSAGE: ", msg);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_ENCHANTMENTLOG: {
            // uint64 targetGuid + uint64 casterGuid + uint32 spellId + uint32 displayId + uint32 animType
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 28) {
                /*uint64_t targetGuid =*/ packet.readUInt64();
                /*uint64_t casterGuid =*/ packet.readUInt64();
                uint32_t spellId = packet.readUInt32();
                /*uint32_t displayId =*/ packet.readUInt32();
                /*uint32_t animType =*/ packet.readUInt32();
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_ENCHANTMENTLOG: spellId=", spellId);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_SOCKET_GEMS_RESULT: {
            // uint64 itemGuid + uint32 result (0 = success)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 12) {
                /*uint64_t itemGuid =*/ packet.readUInt64();
                uint32_t result = packet.readUInt32();
                if (result == 0) {
                    addSystemChatMessage("Gems socketed successfully.");
                } else {
                    addUIError("Failed to socket gems.");
                    addSystemChatMessage("Failed to socket gems.");
                }
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_SOCKET_GEMS_RESULT: result=", result);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_ITEM_REFUND_RESULT: {
            // uint64 itemGuid + uint32 result (0=success)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 12) {
                /*uint64_t itemGuid =*/ packet.readUInt64();
                uint32_t result = packet.readUInt32();
                if (result == 0) {
                    addSystemChatMessage("Item returned. Refund processed.");
                } else {
                    addSystemChatMessage("Could not return item for refund.");
                }
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_ITEM_REFUND_RESULT: result=", result);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_ITEM_TIME_UPDATE: {
            // uint64 itemGuid + uint32 durationMs — item duration ticking down
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 12) {
                /*uint64_t itemGuid =*/ packet.readUInt64();
                uint32_t durationMs = packet.readUInt32();
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_ITEM_TIME_UPDATE: remainingMs=", durationMs);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_RESURRECT_FAILED: {
            // uint32 reason — various resurrection failures
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t reason = packet.readUInt32();
                const char* msg = (reason == 1) ? "The target cannot be resurrected right now."
                                : (reason == 2) ? "Cannot resurrect in this area."
                                : "Resurrection failed.";
                addUIError(msg);
                addSystemChatMessage(msg);
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_RESURRECT_FAILED: reason=", reason);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_GAMEOBJECT_QUERY_RESPONSE:
            handleGameObjectQueryResponse(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_GAMEOBJECT_PAGETEXT:
            handleGameObjectPageText(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_GAMEOBJECT_CUSTOM_ANIM: {
            if (packet.getSize() >= 12) {
                uint64_t guid = packet.readUInt64();
                uint32_t animId = packet.readUInt32();
                if (gameObjectCustomAnimCallback_) {
                    gameObjectCustomAnimCallback_(guid, animId);
                }
                // animId == 0 is the fishing bobber splash ("fish hooked").
                // Detect by GO type 17 (FISHINGNODE) and notify the player so they
                // know to click the bobber before the fish escapes.
                if (animId == 0) {
                    auto goEnt = entityManager.getEntity(guid);
                    if (goEnt && goEnt->getType() == ObjectType::GAMEOBJECT) {
                        auto go = std::static_pointer_cast<GameObject>(goEnt);
                        auto* info = getCachedGameObjectInfo(go->getEntry());
                        if (info && info->type == 17) {  // GO_TYPE_FISHINGNODE
                            addUIError("A fish is on your line!");
                            addSystemChatMessage("A fish is on your line!");
                            // Play a distinctive UI sound to alert the player
                            if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
                                if (auto* sfx = renderer->getUiSoundManager()) {
                                    sfx->playQuestUpdate(); // Distinct "ping" sound
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_PAGE_TEXT_QUERY_RESPONSE:
            handlePageTextQueryResponse(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUESTGIVER_STATUS: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 9) {
                uint64_t npcGuid = packet.readUInt64();
                uint8_t status = packetParsers_->readQuestGiverStatus(packet);
                npcQuestStatus_[npcGuid] = static_cast<QuestGiverStatus>(status);
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_QUESTGIVER_STATUS: guid=0x", std::hex, npcGuid, std::dec, " status=", (int)status);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUESTGIVER_STATUS_MULTIPLE: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t count = packet.readUInt32();
                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
                    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 9) break;
                    uint64_t npcGuid = packet.readUInt64();
                    uint8_t status = packetParsers_->readQuestGiverStatus(packet);
                    npcQuestStatus_[npcGuid] = static_cast<QuestGiverStatus>(status);
                }
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_QUESTGIVER_STATUS_MULTIPLE: ", count, " entries");
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUESTGIVER_QUEST_DETAILS:
            handleQuestDetails(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUESTGIVER_QUEST_INVALID: {
            // Quest query failed - parse failure reason
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t failReason = packet.readUInt32();
                pendingTurnInRewardRequest_ = false;
                const char* reasonStr = "Unknown";
                switch (failReason) {
                    case 0: reasonStr = "Don't have quest"; break;
                    case 1: reasonStr = "Quest level too low"; break;
                    case 4: reasonStr = "Insufficient money"; break;
                    case 5: reasonStr = "Inventory full"; break;
                    case 13: reasonStr = "Already on that quest"; break;
                    case 18: reasonStr = "Already completed quest"; break;
                    case 19: reasonStr = "Can't take any more quests"; break;
                }
                LOG_WARNING("Quest invalid: reason=", failReason, " (", reasonStr, ")");
                if (!pendingQuestAcceptTimeouts_.empty()) {
                    std::vector<uint32_t> pendingQuestIds;
                    pendingQuestIds.reserve(pendingQuestAcceptTimeouts_.size());
                    for (const auto& pending : pendingQuestAcceptTimeouts_) {
                        pendingQuestIds.push_back(pending.first);
                    }
                    for (uint32_t questId : pendingQuestIds) {
                        const uint64_t npcGuid = pendingQuestAcceptNpcGuids_.count(questId) != 0
                            ? pendingQuestAcceptNpcGuids_[questId] : 0;
                        if (failReason == 13) {
                            std::string fallbackTitle = "Quest #" + std::to_string(questId);
                            std::string fallbackObjectives;
                            if (currentQuestDetails.questId == questId) {
                                if (!currentQuestDetails.title.empty()) fallbackTitle = currentQuestDetails.title;
                                fallbackObjectives = currentQuestDetails.objectives;
                            }
                            addQuestToLocalLogIfMissing(questId, fallbackTitle, fallbackObjectives);
                            triggerQuestAcceptResync(questId, npcGuid, "already-on-quest");
                        } else if (failReason == 18) {
                            triggerQuestAcceptResync(questId, npcGuid, "already-completed");
                        }
                        clearPendingQuestAccept(questId);
                    }
                }
                // Only show error to user for real errors (not informational messages)
                if (failReason != 13 && failReason != 18) {  // Don't spam "already on/completed"
                    addSystemChatMessage(std::string("Quest unavailable: ") + reasonStr);
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUESTGIVER_QUEST_COMPLETE: {
            // Mark quest as complete in local log
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t questId = packet.readUInt32();
                LOG_INFO("Quest completed: questId=", questId);
                if (pendingTurnInQuestId_ == questId) {
                    pendingTurnInQuestId_ = 0;
                    pendingTurnInNpcGuid_ = 0;
                    pendingTurnInRewardRequest_ = false;
                }
                for (auto it = questLog_.begin(); it != questLog_.end(); ++it) {
                    if (it->questId == questId) {
                        // Fire toast callback before erasing
                        if (questCompleteCallback_) {
                            questCompleteCallback_(questId, it->title);
                        }
                        // Play quest-complete sound
                        if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
                            if (auto* sfx = renderer->getUiSoundManager())
                                sfx->playQuestComplete();
                        }
                        questLog_.erase(it);
                        LOG_INFO("  Removed quest ", questId, " from quest log");
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            // Re-query all nearby quest giver NPCs so markers refresh
            if (socket) {
                for (const auto& [guid, entity] : entityManager.getEntities()) {
                    if (entity->getType() != ObjectType::UNIT) continue;
                    auto unit = std::static_pointer_cast<Unit>(entity);
                    if (unit->getNpcFlags() & 0x02) {
                        network::Packet qsPkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_QUESTGIVER_STATUS_QUERY));
                        qsPkt.writeUInt64(guid);
                        socket->send(qsPkt);
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUESTUPDATE_ADD_KILL: {
            // Quest kill count update
            // Compatibility: some classic-family opcode tables swap ADD_KILL and COMPLETE.
            size_t rem = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
            if (rem >= 12) {
                uint32_t questId = packet.readUInt32();
                clearPendingQuestAccept(questId);
                uint32_t entry = packet.readUInt32();   // Creature entry
                uint32_t count = packet.readUInt32();   // Current kills
                uint32_t reqCount = 0;
                if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                    reqCount = packet.readUInt32();     // Required kills (if present)
                }

                LOG_INFO("Quest kill update: questId=", questId, " entry=", entry,
                         " count=", count, "/", reqCount);

                // Update quest log with kill count
                for (auto& quest : questLog_) {
                    if (quest.questId == questId) {
                        // Preserve prior required count if this packet variant omits it.
                        if (reqCount == 0) {
                            auto it = quest.killCounts.find(entry);
                            if (it != quest.killCounts.end()) reqCount = it->second.second;
                        }
                        // Fall back to killObjectives (parsed from SMSG_QUEST_QUERY_RESPONSE).
                        // Note: npcOrGoId < 0 means game object; server always sends entry as uint32
                        // in QUESTUPDATE_ADD_KILL regardless of type, so match by absolute value.
                        if (reqCount == 0) {
                            for (const auto& obj : quest.killObjectives) {
                                if (obj.npcOrGoId == 0 || obj.required == 0) continue;
                                uint32_t objEntry = static_cast<uint32_t>(
                                    obj.npcOrGoId > 0 ? obj.npcOrGoId : -obj.npcOrGoId);
                                if (objEntry == entry) {
                                    reqCount = obj.required;
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        if (reqCount == 0) reqCount = count;  // last-resort: avoid 0/0 display
                        quest.killCounts[entry] = {count, reqCount};

                        std::string creatureName = getCachedCreatureName(entry);
                        std::string progressMsg = quest.title + ": ";
                        if (!creatureName.empty()) {
                            progressMsg += creatureName + " ";
                        }
                        progressMsg += std::to_string(count) + "/" + std::to_string(reqCount);
                        addSystemChatMessage(progressMsg);

                        if (questProgressCallback_) {
                            questProgressCallback_(quest.title, creatureName, count, reqCount);
                        }

                        LOG_INFO("Updated kill count for quest ", questId, ": ",
                                 count, "/", reqCount);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } else if (rem >= 4) {
                // Swapped mapping fallback: treat as QUESTUPDATE_COMPLETE packet.
                uint32_t questId = packet.readUInt32();
                clearPendingQuestAccept(questId);
                LOG_INFO("Quest objectives completed (compat via ADD_KILL): questId=", questId);
                for (auto& quest : questLog_) {
                    if (quest.questId == questId) {
                        quest.complete = true;
                        addSystemChatMessage("Quest Complete: " + quest.title);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUESTUPDATE_ADD_ITEM: {
            // Quest item count update: itemId + count
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
                uint32_t itemId = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t count = packet.readUInt32();
                queryItemInfo(itemId, 0);

                std::string itemLabel = "item #" + std::to_string(itemId);
                uint32_t questItemQuality = 1;
                if (const ItemQueryResponseData* info = getItemInfo(itemId)) {
                    if (!info->name.empty()) itemLabel = info->name;
                    questItemQuality = info->quality;
                }

                bool updatedAny = false;
                for (auto& quest : questLog_) {
                    if (quest.complete) continue;
                    bool tracksItem =
                        quest.requiredItemCounts.count(itemId) > 0 ||
                        quest.itemCounts.count(itemId) > 0;
                    // Also check itemObjectives parsed from SMSG_QUEST_QUERY_RESPONSE in case
                    // requiredItemCounts hasn't been populated yet (race during quest accept).
                    if (!tracksItem) {
                        for (const auto& obj : quest.itemObjectives) {
                            if (obj.itemId == itemId && obj.required > 0) {
                                quest.requiredItemCounts.emplace(itemId, obj.required);
                                tracksItem = true;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if (!tracksItem) continue;
                    quest.itemCounts[itemId] = count;
                    updatedAny = true;
                }
                addSystemChatMessage("Quest item: " + buildItemLink(itemId, questItemQuality, itemLabel) + " (" + std::to_string(count) + ")");

                if (questProgressCallback_ && updatedAny) {
                    // Find the quest that tracks this item to get title and required count
                    for (const auto& quest : questLog_) {
                        if (quest.complete) continue;
                        if (quest.itemCounts.count(itemId) == 0) continue;
                        uint32_t required = 0;
                        auto rIt = quest.requiredItemCounts.find(itemId);
                        if (rIt != quest.requiredItemCounts.end()) required = rIt->second;
                        if (required == 0) {
                            for (const auto& obj : quest.itemObjectives) {
                                if (obj.itemId == itemId) { required = obj.required; break; }
                            }
                        }
                        if (required == 0) required = count;
                        questProgressCallback_(quest.title, itemLabel, count, required);
                        break;
                    }
                }

                LOG_INFO("Quest item update: itemId=", itemId, " count=", count,
                         " trackedQuestsUpdated=", updatedAny);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUESTUPDATE_COMPLETE: {
            // Quest objectives completed - mark as ready to turn in.
            // Compatibility: some classic-family opcode tables swap COMPLETE and ADD_KILL.
            size_t rem = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
            if (rem >= 12) {
                uint32_t questId = packet.readUInt32();
                clearPendingQuestAccept(questId);
                uint32_t entry = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t count = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t reqCount = 0;
                if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) reqCount = packet.readUInt32();
                if (reqCount == 0) reqCount = count;
                LOG_INFO("Quest kill update (compat via COMPLETE): questId=", questId,
                         " entry=", entry, " count=", count, "/", reqCount);
                for (auto& quest : questLog_) {
                    if (quest.questId == questId) {
                        quest.killCounts[entry] = {count, reqCount};
                        addSystemChatMessage(quest.title + ": " + std::to_string(count) +
                                             "/" + std::to_string(reqCount));
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } else if (rem >= 4) {
                uint32_t questId = packet.readUInt32();
                clearPendingQuestAccept(questId);
                LOG_INFO("Quest objectives completed: questId=", questId);

                for (auto& quest : questLog_) {
                    if (quest.questId == questId) {
                        quest.complete = true;
                        addSystemChatMessage("Quest Complete: " + quest.title);
                        LOG_INFO("Marked quest ", questId, " as complete");
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUEST_FORCE_REMOVE: {
            // This opcode is aliased to SMSG_SET_REST_START in the opcode table
            // because both share opcode 0x21E in WotLK 3.3.5a.
            // In WotLK: payload = uint32 areaId (entering rest) or 0 (leaving rest).
            // In Classic/TBC: payload = uint32 questId (force-remove a quest).
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) {
                LOG_WARNING("SMSG_QUEST_FORCE_REMOVE/SET_REST_START too short");
                break;
            }
            uint32_t value = packet.readUInt32();

            // WotLK uses this opcode as SMSG_SET_REST_START: non-zero = entering
            // a rest area (inn/city), zero = leaving. Classic/TBC use it for quest removal.
            if (!isClassicLikeExpansion() && !isActiveExpansion("tbc")) {
                // WotLK: treat as SET_REST_START
                bool nowResting = (value != 0);
                if (nowResting != isResting_) {
                    isResting_ = nowResting;
                    addSystemChatMessage(isResting_ ? "You are now resting."
                                                    : "You are no longer resting.");
                }
                break;
            }

            // Classic/TBC: treat as QUEST_FORCE_REMOVE (uint32 questId)
            uint32_t questId = value;
            clearPendingQuestAccept(questId);
            pendingQuestQueryIds_.erase(questId);
            if (questId == 0) {
                // Some servers emit a zero-id variant during world bootstrap.
                // Treat as no-op to avoid false "Quest removed" spam.
                break;
            }

            bool removed = false;
            std::string removedTitle;
            for (auto it = questLog_.begin(); it != questLog_.end(); ++it) {
                if (it->questId == questId) {
                    removedTitle = it->title;
                    questLog_.erase(it);
                    removed = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (currentQuestDetails.questId == questId) {
                questDetailsOpen = false;
                questDetailsOpenTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point{};
                currentQuestDetails = QuestDetailsData{};
                removed = true;
            }
            if (currentQuestRequestItems_.questId == questId) {
                questRequestItemsOpen_ = false;
                currentQuestRequestItems_ = QuestRequestItemsData{};
                removed = true;
            }
            if (currentQuestOfferReward_.questId == questId) {
                questOfferRewardOpen_ = false;
                currentQuestOfferReward_ = QuestOfferRewardData{};
                removed = true;
            }
            if (removed) {
                if (!removedTitle.empty()) {
                    addSystemChatMessage("Quest removed: " + removedTitle);
                } else {
                    addSystemChatMessage("Quest removed (ID " + std::to_string(questId) + ").");
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUEST_QUERY_RESPONSE: {
            if (packet.getSize() < 8) {
                LOG_WARNING("SMSG_QUEST_QUERY_RESPONSE: packet too small (", packet.getSize(), " bytes)");
                break;
            }

            uint32_t questId = packet.readUInt32();
            packet.readUInt32(); // questMethod

            // Classic/Turtle = stride 3, TBC = stride 4 — all use 40 fixed fields + 4 strings.
            // WotLK = stride 5, uses 55 fixed fields + 5 strings.
            const bool isClassicLayout = packetParsers_ && packetParsers_->questLogStride() <= 4;
            const QuestQueryTextCandidate parsed = pickBestQuestQueryTexts(packet.getData(), isClassicLayout);
            const QuestQueryObjectives objs = extractQuestQueryObjectives(packet.getData(), isClassicLayout);
            const QuestQueryRewards rwds = tryParseQuestRewards(packet.getData(), isClassicLayout);

            for (auto& q : questLog_) {
                if (q.questId != questId) continue;

                const int existingScore = scoreQuestTitle(q.title);
                const bool parsedStrong = isStrongQuestTitle(parsed.title);
                const bool parsedLongEnough = parsed.title.size() >= 6;
                const bool notShorterThanExisting =
                    isPlaceholderQuestTitle(q.title) || q.title.empty() || parsed.title.size() + 2 >= q.title.size();
                const bool shouldReplaceTitle =
                    parsed.score > -1000 &&
                    parsedStrong &&
                    parsedLongEnough &&
                    notShorterThanExisting &&
                    (isPlaceholderQuestTitle(q.title) || q.title.empty() || parsed.score >= existingScore + 12);

                if (shouldReplaceTitle && !parsed.title.empty()) {
                    q.title = parsed.title;
                }
                if (!parsed.objectives.empty() &&
                    (q.objectives.empty() || q.objectives.size() < 16)) {
                    q.objectives = parsed.objectives;
                }

                // Store structured kill/item objectives for later kill-count restoration.
                if (objs.valid) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
                        q.killObjectives[i].npcOrGoId = objs.kills[i].npcOrGoId;
                        q.killObjectives[i].required  = objs.kills[i].required;
                    }
                    for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
                        q.itemObjectives[i].itemId   = objs.items[i].itemId;
                        q.itemObjectives[i].required = objs.items[i].required;
                    }
                    // Now that we have the objective creature IDs, apply any packed kill
                    // counts from the player update fields that arrived at login.
                    applyPackedKillCountsFromFields(q);
                    // Pre-fetch creature/GO names and item info so objective display is
                    // populated by the time the player opens the quest log.
                    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
                        int32_t id = objs.kills[i].npcOrGoId;
                        if (id == 0 || objs.kills[i].required == 0) continue;
                        if (id > 0) queryCreatureInfo(static_cast<uint32_t>(id), 0);
                        else        queryGameObjectInfo(static_cast<uint32_t>(-id), 0);
                    }
                    for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
                        if (objs.items[i].itemId != 0 && objs.items[i].required != 0)
                            queryItemInfo(objs.items[i].itemId, 0);
                    }
                    LOG_DEBUG("Quest ", questId, " objectives parsed: kills=[",
                              objs.kills[0].npcOrGoId, "/", objs.kills[0].required, ", ",
                              objs.kills[1].npcOrGoId, "/", objs.kills[1].required, ", ",
                              objs.kills[2].npcOrGoId, "/", objs.kills[2].required, ", ",
                              objs.kills[3].npcOrGoId, "/", objs.kills[3].required, "]");
                }

                // Store reward data and pre-fetch item info for icons.
                if (rwds.valid) {
                    q.rewardMoney = rwds.rewardMoney;
                    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
                        q.rewardItems[i].itemId = rwds.itemId[i];
                        q.rewardItems[i].count  = (rwds.itemId[i] != 0) ? rwds.itemCount[i] : 0;
                        if (rwds.itemId[i] != 0) queryItemInfo(rwds.itemId[i], 0);
                    }
                    for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
                        q.rewardChoiceItems[i].itemId = rwds.choiceItemId[i];
                        q.rewardChoiceItems[i].count  = (rwds.choiceItemId[i] != 0) ? rwds.choiceItemCount[i] : 0;
                        if (rwds.choiceItemId[i] != 0) queryItemInfo(rwds.choiceItemId[i], 0);
                    }
                }
                break;
            }

            pendingQuestQueryIds_.erase(questId);
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUESTLOG_FULL:
            // Zero-payload notification: the player's quest log is full (25 quests).
            addUIError("Your quest log is full.");
            addSystemChatMessage("Your quest log is full.");
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_QUESTLOG_FULL: quest log is at capacity");
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUESTGIVER_REQUEST_ITEMS:
            handleQuestRequestItems(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUESTGIVER_OFFER_REWARD:
            handleQuestOfferReward(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_GROUP_SET_LEADER: {
            // SMSG_GROUP_SET_LEADER: string leaderName (null-terminated)
            if (packet.getSize() > packet.getReadPos()) {
                std::string leaderName = packet.readString();
                // Update leaderGuid by name lookup in party members
                for (const auto& m : partyData.members) {
                    if (m.name == leaderName) {
                        partyData.leaderGuid = m.guid;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (!leaderName.empty())
                    addSystemChatMessage(leaderName + " is now the group leader.");
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_GROUP_SET_LEADER: ", leaderName);
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Teleport / Transfer ----
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_TELEPORT:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_TELEPORT_ACK:
            handleTeleportAck(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_TRANSFER_PENDING: {
            // SMSG_TRANSFER_PENDING: uint32 mapId, then optional transport data
            uint32_t pendingMapId = packet.readUInt32();
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_TRANSFER_PENDING: mapId=", pendingMapId);
            // Optional: if remaining data, there's a transport entry + mapId
            if (packet.getReadPos() + 8 <= packet.getSize()) {
                uint32_t transportEntry = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t transportMapId = packet.readUInt32();
                LOG_INFO("  Transport entry=", transportEntry, " transportMapId=", transportMapId);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_NEW_WORLD:
            handleNewWorld(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_TRANSFER_ABORTED: {
            uint32_t mapId = packet.readUInt32();
            uint8_t reason = (packet.getReadPos() < packet.getSize()) ? packet.readUInt8() : 0;
            LOG_WARNING("SMSG_TRANSFER_ABORTED: mapId=", mapId, " reason=", (int)reason);
            // Provide reason-specific feedback (WotLK TRANSFER_ABORT_* codes)
            const char* abortMsg = nullptr;
            switch (reason) {
                case 0x01: abortMsg = "Transfer aborted: difficulty unavailable."; break;
                case 0x02: abortMsg = "Transfer aborted: expansion required."; break;
                case 0x03: abortMsg = "Transfer aborted: instance not found."; break;
                case 0x04: abortMsg = "Transfer aborted: too many instances. Please wait before entering a new instance."; break;
                case 0x06: abortMsg = "Transfer aborted: instance is full."; break;
                case 0x07: abortMsg = "Transfer aborted: zone is in combat."; break;
                case 0x08: abortMsg = "Transfer aborted: you are already in this instance."; break;
                case 0x09: abortMsg = "Transfer aborted: not enough players."; break;
                case 0x0C: abortMsg = "Transfer aborted."; break;
                default:   abortMsg = "Transfer aborted."; break;
            }
            addUIError(abortMsg);
            addSystemChatMessage(abortMsg);
            break;
        }

        // ---- Taxi / Flight Paths ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_SHOWTAXINODES:
            handleShowTaxiNodes(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_ACTIVATETAXIREPLY:
            handleActivateTaxiReply(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_STANDSTATE_UPDATE:
            // Server confirms stand state change (sit/stand/sleep/kneel)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
                standState_ = packet.readUInt8();
                LOG_INFO("Stand state updated: ", static_cast<int>(standState_),
                         " (", standState_ == 0 ? "stand" : standState_ == 1 ? "sit"
                            : standState_ == 7 ? "dead" : standState_ == 8 ? "kneel" : "other", ")");
                if (standStateCallback_) {
                    standStateCallback_(standState_);
                }
            }
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_NEW_TAXI_PATH:
            // Empty packet - server signals a new flight path was learned
            // The actual node details come in the next SMSG_SHOWTAXINODES
            addSystemChatMessage("New flight path discovered!");
            break;

        // ---- Arena / Battleground ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_BATTLEFIELD_STATUS:
            handleBattlefieldStatus(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_BATTLEFIELD_LIST:
            handleBattlefieldList(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_BATTLEFIELD_PORT_DENIED:
            addUIError("Battlefield port denied.");
            addSystemChatMessage("Battlefield port denied.");
            break;
        case Opcode::MSG_BATTLEGROUND_PLAYER_POSITIONS: {
            bgPlayerPositions_.clear();
            for (int grp = 0; grp < 2; ++grp) {
                if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
                uint32_t count = packet.readUInt32();
                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count && packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 16; ++i) {
                    BgPlayerPosition pos;
                    pos.guid  = packet.readUInt64();
                    pos.wowX  = packet.readFloat();
                    pos.wowY  = packet.readFloat();
                    pos.group = grp;
                    bgPlayerPositions_.push_back(pos);
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_REMOVED_FROM_PVP_QUEUE:
            addSystemChatMessage("You have been removed from the PvP queue.");
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_GROUP_JOINED_BATTLEGROUND:
            addSystemChatMessage("Your group has joined the battleground.");
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_JOINED_BATTLEGROUND_QUEUE:
            addSystemChatMessage("You have joined the battleground queue.");
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_BATTLEGROUND_PLAYER_JOINED: {
            // SMSG_BATTLEGROUND_PLAYER_JOINED: uint64 guid
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
                uint64_t guid = packet.readUInt64();
                auto it = playerNameCache.find(guid);
                std::string name = (it != playerNameCache.end()) ? it->second : "";
                if (!name.empty())
                    addSystemChatMessage(name + " has entered the battleground.");
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_BATTLEGROUND_PLAYER_JOINED: guid=0x", std::hex, guid, std::dec);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_BATTLEGROUND_PLAYER_LEFT: {
            // SMSG_BATTLEGROUND_PLAYER_LEFT: uint64 guid
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
                uint64_t guid = packet.readUInt64();
                auto it = playerNameCache.find(guid);
                std::string name = (it != playerNameCache.end()) ? it->second : "";
                if (!name.empty())
                    addSystemChatMessage(name + " has left the battleground.");
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_BATTLEGROUND_PLAYER_LEFT: guid=0x", std::hex, guid, std::dec);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_INSTANCE_DIFFICULTY:
        case Opcode::MSG_SET_DUNGEON_DIFFICULTY:
            handleInstanceDifficulty(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_INSTANCE_SAVE_CREATED:
            // Zero-payload: your instance save was just created on the server.
            addSystemChatMessage("You are now saved to this instance.");
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_INSTANCE_SAVE_CREATED");
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_RAID_INSTANCE_MESSAGE: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 12) {
                uint32_t msgType   = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t mapId     = packet.readUInt32();
                /*uint32_t diff =*/  packet.readUInt32();
                std::string mapLabel = getMapName(mapId);
                if (mapLabel.empty()) mapLabel = "instance #" + std::to_string(mapId);
                // type: 1=warning(time left), 2=saved, 3=welcome
                if (msgType == 1 && packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                    uint32_t timeLeft = packet.readUInt32();
                    uint32_t minutes  = timeLeft / 60;
                    addSystemChatMessage(mapLabel + " will reset in " +
                                        std::to_string(minutes) + " minute(s).");
                } else if (msgType == 2) {
                    addSystemChatMessage("You have been saved to " + mapLabel + ".");
                } else if (msgType == 3) {
                    addSystemChatMessage("Welcome to " + mapLabel + ".");
                }
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_RAID_INSTANCE_MESSAGE: type=", msgType, " map=", mapId);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_INSTANCE_RESET: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t mapId = packet.readUInt32();
                // Remove matching lockout from local cache
                auto it = std::remove_if(instanceLockouts_.begin(), instanceLockouts_.end(),
                    [mapId](const InstanceLockout& lo){ return lo.mapId == mapId; });
                instanceLockouts_.erase(it, instanceLockouts_.end());
                std::string mapLabel = getMapName(mapId);
                if (mapLabel.empty()) mapLabel = "instance #" + std::to_string(mapId);
                addSystemChatMessage(mapLabel + " has been reset.");
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_INSTANCE_RESET: mapId=", mapId);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_INSTANCE_RESET_FAILED: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
                uint32_t mapId  = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t reason = packet.readUInt32();
                static const char* resetFailReasons[] = {
                    "Not max level.", "Offline party members.", "Party members inside.",
                    "Party members changing zone.", "Heroic difficulty only."
                };
                const char* reasonMsg = (reason < 5) ? resetFailReasons[reason] : "Unknown reason.";
                std::string mapLabel = getMapName(mapId);
                if (mapLabel.empty()) mapLabel = "instance #" + std::to_string(mapId);
                addUIError("Cannot reset " + mapLabel + ": " + reasonMsg);
                addSystemChatMessage("Cannot reset " + mapLabel + ": " + reasonMsg);
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_INSTANCE_RESET_FAILED: mapId=", mapId, " reason=", reason);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_INSTANCE_LOCK_WARNING_QUERY: {
            // Server asks player to confirm entering a saved instance.
            // We auto-confirm with CMSG_INSTANCE_LOCK_RESPONSE.
            if (socket && packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 17) {
                uint32_t ilMapId    = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t ilDiff     = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t ilTimeLeft = packet.readUInt32();
                packet.readUInt32(); // unk
                uint8_t  ilLocked   = packet.readUInt8();
                // Notify player which instance is being entered/resumed
                std::string ilName = getMapName(ilMapId);
                if (ilName.empty()) ilName = "instance #" + std::to_string(ilMapId);
                static const char* kDiff[] = {"Normal","Heroic","25-Man","25-Man Heroic"};
                std::string ilMsg = "Entering " + ilName;
                if (ilDiff < 4) ilMsg += std::string(" (") + kDiff[ilDiff] + ")";
                if (ilLocked && ilTimeLeft > 0) {
                    uint32_t ilMins = ilTimeLeft / 60;
                    ilMsg += " — " + std::to_string(ilMins) + " min remaining.";
                } else {
                    ilMsg += ".";
                }
                addSystemChatMessage(ilMsg);
                // Send acceptance
                network::Packet resp(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_INSTANCE_LOCK_RESPONSE));
                resp.writeUInt8(1); // 1=accept
                socket->send(resp);
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_INSTANCE_LOCK_WARNING_QUERY: auto-accepted mapId=", ilMapId,
                         " diff=", ilDiff, " timeLeft=", ilTimeLeft);
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- LFG / Dungeon Finder ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_JOIN_RESULT:
            handleLfgJoinResult(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_QUEUE_STATUS:
            handleLfgQueueStatus(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_PROPOSAL_UPDATE:
            handleLfgProposalUpdate(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_ROLE_CHECK_UPDATE:
            handleLfgRoleCheckUpdate(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_UPDATE_PLAYER:
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_UPDATE_PARTY:
            handleLfgUpdatePlayer(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_PLAYER_REWARD:
            handleLfgPlayerReward(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_BOOT_PROPOSAL_UPDATE:
            handleLfgBootProposalUpdate(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_TELEPORT_DENIED:
            handleLfgTeleportDenied(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_DISABLED:
            addSystemChatMessage("The Dungeon Finder is currently disabled.");
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_LFG_DISABLED received");
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_OFFER_CONTINUE:
            addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: You may continue your dungeon.");
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_ROLE_CHOSEN:
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_UPDATE_SEARCH:
        case Opcode::SMSG_UPDATE_LFG_LIST:
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_PLAYER_INFO:
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_PARTY_INFO:
            // Informational LFG packets not yet surfaced in UI — consume silently.
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_OPEN_LFG_DUNGEON_FINDER:
            // Server requests client to open the dungeon finder UI
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); // consume any payload
            if (openLfgCallback_) openLfgCallback_();
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_ARENA_TEAM_COMMAND_RESULT:
            handleArenaTeamCommandResult(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_ARENA_TEAM_QUERY_RESPONSE:
            handleArenaTeamQueryResponse(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_ARENA_TEAM_ROSTER:
            handleArenaTeamRoster(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_ARENA_TEAM_INVITE:
            handleArenaTeamInvite(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_ARENA_TEAM_EVENT:
            handleArenaTeamEvent(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_ARENA_TEAM_STATS:
            handleArenaTeamStats(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_ARENA_ERROR:
            handleArenaError(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::MSG_PVP_LOG_DATA:
            handlePvpLogData(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::MSG_INSPECT_ARENA_TEAMS: {
            // WotLK: uint64 playerGuid + uint8 teamCount + per-team fields
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 9) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
                break;
            }
            uint64_t inspGuid  = packet.readUInt64();
            uint8_t  teamCount = packet.readUInt8();
            if (teamCount > 3) teamCount = 3; // 2v2, 3v3, 5v5
            if (inspGuid == inspectResult_.guid || inspectResult_.guid == 0) {
                inspectResult_.guid = inspGuid;
                inspectResult_.arenaTeams.clear();
                for (uint8_t t = 0; t < teamCount; ++t) {
                    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 21) break;
                    InspectArenaTeam team;
                    team.teamId         = packet.readUInt32();
                    team.type           = packet.readUInt8();
                    team.weekGames      = packet.readUInt32();
                    team.weekWins       = packet.readUInt32();
                    team.seasonGames    = packet.readUInt32();
                    team.seasonWins     = packet.readUInt32();
                    team.name           = packet.readString();
                    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
                    team.personalRating = packet.readUInt32();
                    inspectResult_.arenaTeams.push_back(std::move(team));
                }
            }
            LOG_DEBUG("MSG_INSPECT_ARENA_TEAMS: guid=0x", std::hex, inspGuid, std::dec,
                      " teams=", (int)teamCount);
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::MSG_TALENT_WIPE_CONFIRM: {
            // Server sends: uint64 npcGuid + uint32 cost
            // Client must respond with the same opcode containing uint64 npcGuid to confirm.
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 12) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
                break;
            }
            talentWipeNpcGuid_ = packet.readUInt64();
            talentWipeCost_    = packet.readUInt32();
            talentWipePending_ = true;
            LOG_INFO("MSG_TALENT_WIPE_CONFIRM: npc=0x", std::hex, talentWipeNpcGuid_,
                     std::dec, " cost=", talentWipeCost_);
            break;
        }

        // ---- MSG_MOVE_* opcodes (server relays other players' movement) ----
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_FORWARD:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_BACKWARD:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_STRAFE_LEFT:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_STRAFE_RIGHT:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_STRAFE:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_JUMP:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_TURN_LEFT:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_TURN_RIGHT:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_TURN:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_FACING:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_FALL_LAND:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_HEARTBEAT:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_SWIM:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_SWIM:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_WALK_MODE:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_RUN_MODE:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_PITCH_UP:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_PITCH_DOWN:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_PITCH:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_ASCEND:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_ASCEND:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_DESCEND:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_PITCH:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_GRAVITY_CHNG:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_UPDATE_CAN_FLY:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_UPDATE_CAN_TRANSITION_BETWEEN_SWIM_AND_FLY:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_ROOT:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_UNROOT:
            if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
                handleOtherPlayerMovement(packet);
            }
            break;

        // ---- Broadcast speed changes (server→client, no ACK) ----
        // Format: PackedGuid (mover) + MovementInfo (variable) + float speed
        // MovementInfo is complex (optional transport/fall/spline blocks based on flags).
        // We consume the packet to suppress "Unhandled world opcode" warnings.
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_RUN_SPEED:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_RUN_BACK_SPEED:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_WALK_SPEED:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_SWIM_SPEED:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_SWIM_BACK_SPEED:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_FLIGHT_SPEED:
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_FLIGHT_BACK_SPEED:
            if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
                handleMoveSetSpeed(packet);
            }
            break;

        // ---- Mail ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_SHOW_MAILBOX:
            handleShowMailbox(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_MAIL_LIST_RESULT:
            handleMailListResult(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_SEND_MAIL_RESULT:
            handleSendMailResult(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_RECEIVED_MAIL:
            handleReceivedMail(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::MSG_QUERY_NEXT_MAIL_TIME:
            handleQueryNextMailTime(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_CHANNEL_LIST: {
            // string channelName + uint8 flags + uint32 count + count×(uint64 guid + uint8 memberFlags)
            std::string chanName = packet.readString();
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 5) break;
            /*uint8_t chanFlags =*/ packet.readUInt8();
            uint32_t memberCount = packet.readUInt32();
            memberCount = std::min(memberCount, 200u);
            addSystemChatMessage(chanName + " has " + std::to_string(memberCount) + " member(s):");
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < memberCount; ++i) {
                if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 9) break;
                uint64_t memberGuid = packet.readUInt64();
                uint8_t memberFlags = packet.readUInt8();
                // Look up the name: entity manager > playerNameCache
                auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(memberGuid);
                std::string name;
                if (entity) {
                    auto player = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Player>(entity);
                    if (player && !player->getName().empty()) name = player->getName();
                }
                if (name.empty()) {
                    auto nit = playerNameCache.find(memberGuid);
                    if (nit != playerNameCache.end()) name = nit->second;
                }
                if (name.empty()) name = "(unknown)";
                std::string entry = "  " + name;
                if (memberFlags & 0x01) entry += " [Moderator]";
                if (memberFlags & 0x02) entry += " [Muted]";
                addSystemChatMessage(entry);
                LOG_DEBUG("  channel member: 0x", std::hex, memberGuid, std::dec,
                          " flags=", (int)memberFlags, " name=", name);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_INSPECT_RESULTS_UPDATE:
            handleInspectResults(packet);
            break;

        // ---- Bank ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_SHOW_BANK:
            handleShowBank(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_BUY_BANK_SLOT_RESULT:
            handleBuyBankSlotResult(packet);
            break;

        // ---- Guild Bank ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_GUILD_BANK_LIST:
            handleGuildBankList(packet);
            break;

        // ---- Auction House ----
        case Opcode::MSG_AUCTION_HELLO:
            handleAuctionHello(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_AUCTION_LIST_RESULT:
            handleAuctionListResult(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_AUCTION_OWNER_LIST_RESULT:
            handleAuctionOwnerListResult(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_AUCTION_BIDDER_LIST_RESULT:
            handleAuctionBidderListResult(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_AUCTION_COMMAND_RESULT:
            handleAuctionCommandResult(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_AUCTION_OWNER_NOTIFICATION: {
            // auctionId(u32) + action(u32) + error(u32) + itemEntry(u32) + ...
            // action: 0=sold/won, 1=expired, 2=bid placed on your auction
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 16) {
                /*uint32_t auctionId =*/ packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t action    = packet.readUInt32();
                /*uint32_t error   =*/ packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t itemEntry = packet.readUInt32();
                ensureItemInfo(itemEntry);
                auto* info = getItemInfo(itemEntry);
                std::string rawName = info && !info->name.empty() ? info->name : ("Item #" + std::to_string(itemEntry));
                uint32_t aucQuality = info ? info->quality : 1u;
                std::string itemLink = buildItemLink(itemEntry, aucQuality, rawName);
                if (action == 1)
                    addSystemChatMessage("Your auction of " + itemLink + " has expired.");
                else if (action == 2)
                    addSystemChatMessage("A bid has been placed on your auction of " + itemLink + ".");
                else
                    addSystemChatMessage("Your auction of " + itemLink + " has sold!");
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_AUCTION_BIDDER_NOTIFICATION: {
            // auctionId(u32) + itemEntry(u32) + ...
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
                uint32_t auctionId = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t itemEntry = packet.readUInt32();
                (void)auctionId;
                ensureItemInfo(itemEntry);
                auto* info = getItemInfo(itemEntry);
                std::string rawName2 = info && !info->name.empty() ? info->name : ("Item #" + std::to_string(itemEntry));
                uint32_t bidQuality = info ? info->quality : 1u;
                std::string bidLink = buildItemLink(itemEntry, bidQuality, rawName2);
                addSystemChatMessage("You have been outbid on " + bidLink + ".");
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_AUCTION_REMOVED_NOTIFICATION: {
            // uint32 auctionId + uint32 itemEntry + uint32 itemRandom — auction expired/cancelled
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 12) {
                /*uint32_t auctionId =*/ packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t itemEntry = packet.readUInt32();
                /*uint32_t itemRandom =*/ packet.readUInt32();
                ensureItemInfo(itemEntry);
                auto* info = getItemInfo(itemEntry);
                std::string rawName3 = info && !info->name.empty() ? info->name : ("Item #" + std::to_string(itemEntry));
                uint32_t remQuality = info ? info->quality : 1u;
                std::string remLink = buildItemLink(itemEntry, remQuality, rawName3);
                addSystemChatMessage("Your auction of " + remLink + " has expired.");
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_OPEN_CONTAINER: {
            // uint64 containerGuid — tells client to open this container
            // The actual items come via update packets; we just log this.
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
                uint64_t containerGuid = packet.readUInt64();
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_OPEN_CONTAINER: guid=0x", std::hex, containerGuid, std::dec);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_GM_TICKET_STATUS_UPDATE:
            // GM ticket status (new/updated); no ticket UI yet
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_PLAYER_VEHICLE_DATA: {
            // PackedGuid (player guid) + uint32 vehicleId
            // vehicleId == 0 means the player left the vehicle
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
                (void)UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet); // player guid (unused)
            }
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                vehicleId_ = packet.readUInt32();
            } else {
                vehicleId_ = 0;
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_SET_EXTRA_AURA_INFO_NEED_UPDATE:
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_TAXINODE_STATUS: {
            // guid(8) + status(1): status 1 = NPC has available/new routes for this player
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 9) {
                uint64_t npcGuid = packet.readUInt64();
                uint8_t  status  = packet.readUInt8();
                taxiNpcHasRoutes_[npcGuid] = (status != 0);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_INIT_EXTRA_AURA_INFO_OBSOLETE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SET_EXTRA_AURA_INFO_OBSOLETE: {
            // TBC 2.4.3 aura tracking: replaces SMSG_AURA_UPDATE which doesn't exist in TBC.
            // Format: uint64 targetGuid + uint8 count + N×{uint8 slot, uint32 spellId,
            //         uint8 effectIndex, uint8 flags, uint32 durationMs, uint32 maxDurationMs}
            const bool isInit = (*logicalOp == Opcode::SMSG_INIT_EXTRA_AURA_INFO_OBSOLETE);
            auto remaining = [&]() { return packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos(); };
            if (remaining() < 9) { packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break; }
            uint64_t auraTargetGuid = packet.readUInt64();
            uint8_t count = packet.readUInt8();

            std::vector<AuraSlot>* auraList = nullptr;
            if (auraTargetGuid == playerGuid)       auraList = &playerAuras;
            else if (auraTargetGuid == targetGuid)  auraList = &targetAuras;
            else if (auraTargetGuid != 0)           auraList = &unitAurasCache_[auraTargetGuid];

            if (auraList && isInit) auraList->clear();

            uint64_t nowMs = static_cast<uint64_t>(
                std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
                    std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());

            for (uint8_t i = 0; i < count && remaining() >= 15; i++) {
                uint8_t  slot        = packet.readUInt8();   // 1 byte
                uint32_t spellId     = packet.readUInt32();  // 4 bytes
                (void)               packet.readUInt8();     // effectIndex: 1 byte (unused for slot display)
                uint8_t  flags       = packet.readUInt8();   // 1 byte
                uint32_t durationMs  = packet.readUInt32();  // 4 bytes
                uint32_t maxDurMs    = packet.readUInt32();  // 4 bytes — total 15 bytes per entry

                if (auraList) {
                    while (auraList->size() <= slot) auraList->push_back(AuraSlot{});
                    AuraSlot& a = (*auraList)[slot];
                    a.spellId      = spellId;
                    // TBC uses same flag convention as Classic: 0x02=harmful, 0x04=beneficial.
                    // Normalize to WotLK SMSG_AURA_UPDATE convention: 0x80=debuff, 0=buff.
                    a.flags        = (flags & 0x02) ? 0x80u : 0u;
                    a.durationMs   = (durationMs == 0xFFFFFFFF) ? -1 : static_cast<int32_t>(durationMs);
                    a.maxDurationMs= (maxDurMs   == 0xFFFFFFFF) ? -1 : static_cast<int32_t>(maxDurMs);
                    a.receivedAtMs = nowMs;
                }
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_WORLDPORT_ACK:
            // Client uses this outbound; treat inbound variant as no-op for robustness.
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_TIME_SKIPPED:
            // Observed custom server packet (8 bytes). Safe-consume for now.
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        // ---- Logout cancel ACK ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_LOGOUT_CANCEL_ACK:
            // loggingOut_ already cleared by cancelLogout(); this is server's confirmation
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        // ---- Guild decline ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_GUILD_DECLINE: {
            if (packet.getReadPos() < packet.getSize()) {
                std::string name = packet.readString();
                addSystemChatMessage(name + " declined your guild invitation.");
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Talents involuntarily reset ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_TALENTS_INVOLUNTARILY_RESET:
            // Clear cached talent data so the talent screen reflects the reset.
            learnedTalents_[0].clear();
            learnedTalents_[1].clear();
            addUIError("Your talents have been reset by the server.");
            addSystemChatMessage("Your talents have been reset by the server.");
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        // ---- Account data sync ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_UPDATE_ACCOUNT_DATA:
        case Opcode::SMSG_UPDATE_ACCOUNT_DATA_COMPLETE:
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        // ---- Rest state ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_SET_REST_START: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t restTrigger = packet.readUInt32();
                isResting_ = (restTrigger > 0);
                addSystemChatMessage(isResting_ ? "You are now resting."
                                                : "You are no longer resting.");
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Aura duration update ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_UPDATE_AURA_DURATION: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 5) {
                uint8_t slot       = packet.readUInt8();
                uint32_t durationMs = packet.readUInt32();
                handleUpdateAuraDuration(slot, durationMs);
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Item name query response ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_ITEM_NAME_QUERY_RESPONSE: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t itemId = packet.readUInt32();
                std::string name = packet.readString();
                if (!itemInfoCache_.count(itemId) && !name.empty()) {
                    ItemQueryResponseData stub;
                    stub.entry = itemId;
                    stub.name  = std::move(name);
                    stub.valid = true;
                    itemInfoCache_[itemId] = std::move(stub);
                }
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }

        // ---- Mount special animation ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_MOUNTSPECIAL_ANIM:
            (void)UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            break;

        // ---- Character customisation / faction change results ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_CHAR_CUSTOMIZE: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
                uint8_t result = packet.readUInt8();
                addSystemChatMessage(result == 0 ? "Character customization complete."
                                                 : "Character customization failed.");
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_CHAR_FACTION_CHANGE: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
                uint8_t result = packet.readUInt8();
                addSystemChatMessage(result == 0 ? "Faction change complete."
                                                 : "Faction change failed.");
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }

        // ---- Invalidate cached player data ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_INVALIDATE_PLAYER: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
                uint64_t guid = packet.readUInt64();
                playerNameCache.erase(guid);
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Movie trigger ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_TRIGGER_MOVIE:
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        // ---- Equipment sets ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_EQUIPMENT_SET_LIST:
            handleEquipmentSetList(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_EQUIPMENT_SET_USE_RESULT: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
                uint8_t result = packet.readUInt8();
                if (result != 0) { addUIError("Failed to equip item set."); addSystemChatMessage("Failed to equip item set."); }
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- LFG informational (not yet surfaced in UI) ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_UPDATE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_UPDATE_LFG:
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_UPDATE_LFM:
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_UPDATE_QUEUED:
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_PENDING_INVITE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_PENDING_MATCH:
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_PENDING_MATCH_DONE:
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        // ---- LFG error/timeout states ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_TIMEDOUT:
            // Server-side LFG invite timed out (no response within time limit)
            addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: Invite timed out.");
            if (openLfgCallback_) openLfgCallback_();
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_OTHER_TIMEDOUT:
            // Another party member failed to respond to a LFG role-check in time
            addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: Another player's invite timed out.");
            if (openLfgCallback_) openLfgCallback_();
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_AUTOJOIN_FAILED: {
            // uint32 result — LFG auto-join attempt failed (player selected auto-join at queue time)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t result = packet.readUInt32();
                (void)result;
            }
            addUIError("Dungeon Finder: Auto-join failed.");
            addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: Auto-join failed.");
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_AUTOJOIN_FAILED_NO_PLAYER:
            // No eligible players found for auto-join
            addUIError("Dungeon Finder: No players available for auto-join.");
            addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: No players available for auto-join.");
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_LFG_LEADER_IS_LFM:
            // Party leader is currently set to Looking for More (LFM) mode
            addSystemChatMessage("Your party leader is currently Looking for More.");
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        // ---- Meeting stone (Classic/TBC group-finding via summon stone) ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_MEETINGSTONE_SETQUEUE: {
            // uint32 zoneId + uint8 level_min + uint8 level_max — player queued for meeting stone
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 6) {
                uint32_t zoneId   = packet.readUInt32();
                uint8_t  levelMin = packet.readUInt8();
                uint8_t  levelMax = packet.readUInt8();
                char buf[128];
                std::string zoneName = getAreaName(zoneId);
                if (!zoneName.empty())
                    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                        "You are now in the Meeting Stone queue for %s (levels %u-%u).",
                        zoneName.c_str(), levelMin, levelMax);
                else
                    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                        "You are now in the Meeting Stone queue for zone %u (levels %u-%u).",
                        zoneId, levelMin, levelMax);
                addSystemChatMessage(buf);
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_MEETINGSTONE_SETQUEUE: zone=", zoneId,
                         " levels=", (int)levelMin, "-", (int)levelMax);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_MEETINGSTONE_COMPLETE:
            // Server confirms group found and teleport summon is ready
            addSystemChatMessage("Meeting Stone: Your group is ready! Use the Meeting Stone to summon.");
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_MEETINGSTONE_COMPLETE");
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_MEETINGSTONE_IN_PROGRESS:
            // Meeting stone search is still ongoing
            addSystemChatMessage("Meeting Stone: Searching for group members...");
            LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_MEETINGSTONE_IN_PROGRESS");
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_MEETINGSTONE_MEMBER_ADDED: {
            // uint64 memberGuid — a player was added to your group via meeting stone
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
                uint64_t memberGuid = packet.readUInt64();
                auto nit = playerNameCache.find(memberGuid);
                if (nit != playerNameCache.end() && !nit->second.empty()) {
                    addSystemChatMessage("Meeting Stone: " + nit->second +
                                         " has been added to your group.");
                } else {
                    addSystemChatMessage("Meeting Stone: A new player has been added to your group.");
                }
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_MEETINGSTONE_MEMBER_ADDED: guid=0x", std::hex, memberGuid, std::dec);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_MEETINGSTONE_JOINFAILED: {
            // uint8 reason — failed to join group via meeting stone
            // 0=target_not_in_lfg, 1=target_in_party, 2=target_invalid_map, 3=target_not_available
            static const char* kMeetingstoneErrors[] = {
                "Target player is not using the Meeting Stone.",
                "Target player is already in a group.",
                "You are not in a valid zone for that Meeting Stone.",
                "Target player is not available.",
            };
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
                uint8_t reason = packet.readUInt8();
                const char* msg = (reason < 4) ? kMeetingstoneErrors[reason]
                                               : "Meeting Stone: Could not join group.";
                addSystemChatMessage(msg);
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_MEETINGSTONE_JOINFAILED: reason=", (int)reason);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_MEETINGSTONE_LEAVE:
            // Player was removed from the meeting stone queue (left, or group disbanded)
            addSystemChatMessage("You have left the Meeting Stone queue.");
            LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_MEETINGSTONE_LEAVE");
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        // ---- GM Ticket responses ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_GMTICKET_CREATE: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
                uint8_t res = packet.readUInt8();
                addSystemChatMessage(res == 1 ? "GM ticket submitted."
                                              : "Failed to submit GM ticket.");
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_GMTICKET_UPDATETEXT: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
                uint8_t res = packet.readUInt8();
                addSystemChatMessage(res == 1 ? "GM ticket updated."
                                              : "Failed to update GM ticket.");
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_GMTICKET_DELETETICKET: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
                uint8_t res = packet.readUInt8();
                addSystemChatMessage(res == 9 ? "GM ticket deleted."
                                              : "No ticket to delete.");
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_GMTICKET_GETTICKET: {
            // WotLK 3.3.5a format:
            //   uint8  status  — 1=no ticket, 6=has open ticket, 3=closed, 10=suspended
            // If status == 6 (GMTICKET_STATUS_HASTEXT):
            //   cstring ticketText
            //   uint32  ticketAge       (seconds old)
            //   uint32  daysUntilOld    (days remaining before escalation)
            //   float   waitTimeHours   (estimated GM wait time)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) { packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break; }
            uint8_t gmStatus = packet.readUInt8();
            // Status 6 = GMTICKET_STATUS_HASTEXT — open ticket with text
            if (gmStatus == 6 && packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
                gmTicketText_    = packet.readString();
                uint32_t ageSec  = (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) ? packet.readUInt32() : 0;
                /*uint32_t daysLeft =*/ (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) ? packet.readUInt32() : 0;
                gmTicketWaitHours_ = (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4)
                    ? packet.readFloat() : 0.0f;
                gmTicketActive_ = true;
                char buf[256];
                if (ageSec < 60) {
                    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                        "You have an open GM ticket (submitted %us ago). Estimated wait: %.1f hours.",
                        ageSec, gmTicketWaitHours_);
                } else {
                    uint32_t ageMin = ageSec / 60;
                    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                        "You have an open GM ticket (submitted %um ago). Estimated wait: %.1f hours.",
                        ageMin, gmTicketWaitHours_);
                }
                addSystemChatMessage(buf);
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_GMTICKET_GETTICKET: open ticket age=", ageSec,
                         "s wait=", gmTicketWaitHours_, "h");
            } else if (gmStatus == 3) {
                gmTicketActive_ = false;
                gmTicketText_.clear();
                addSystemChatMessage("Your GM ticket has been closed.");
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_GMTICKET_GETTICKET: ticket closed");
            } else if (gmStatus == 10) {
                gmTicketActive_ = false;
                gmTicketText_.clear();
                addSystemChatMessage("Your GM ticket has been suspended.");
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_GMTICKET_GETTICKET: ticket suspended");
            } else {
                // Status 1 = no open ticket (default/no ticket)
                gmTicketActive_ = false;
                gmTicketText_.clear();
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_GMTICKET_GETTICKET: no open ticket (status=", (int)gmStatus, ")");
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_GMTICKET_SYSTEMSTATUS: {
            // uint32 status: 1 = GM support available, 0 = offline/unavailable
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t sysStatus = packet.readUInt32();
                gmSupportAvailable_ = (sysStatus != 0);
                addSystemChatMessage(gmSupportAvailable_
                    ? "GM support is currently available."
                    : "GM support is currently unavailable.");
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_GMTICKET_SYSTEMSTATUS: available=", gmSupportAvailable_);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }

        // ---- DK rune tracking ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_CONVERT_RUNE: {
            // uint8 runeIndex + uint8 newRuneType (0=Blood,1=Unholy,2=Frost,3=Death)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 2) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
                break;
            }
            uint8_t idx  = packet.readUInt8();
            uint8_t type = packet.readUInt8();
            if (idx < 6) playerRunes_[idx].type = static_cast<RuneType>(type & 0x3);
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_RESYNC_RUNES: {
            // uint8 runeReadyMask (bit i=1 → rune i is ready)
            // uint8[6] cooldowns (0=ready, 255=just used → readyFraction = 1 - val/255)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 7) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
                break;
            }
            uint8_t readyMask = packet.readUInt8();
            for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
                uint8_t cd = packet.readUInt8();
                playerRunes_[i].ready = (readyMask & (1u << i)) != 0;
                playerRunes_[i].readyFraction = 1.0f - cd / 255.0f;
                if (playerRunes_[i].ready) playerRunes_[i].readyFraction = 1.0f;
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_ADD_RUNE_POWER: {
            // uint32 runeMask (bit i=1 → rune i just became ready)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
                break;
            }
            uint32_t runeMask = packet.readUInt32();
            for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
                if (runeMask & (1u << i)) {
                    playerRunes_[i].ready = true;
                    playerRunes_[i].readyFraction = 1.0f;
                }
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Spell combat logs (consume) ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPELLDAMAGESHIELD: {
            // Classic: packed_guid victim + packed_guid caster + spellId(4) + damage(4) + schoolMask(4)
            // TBC:     uint64 victim + uint64 caster + spellId(4) + damage(4) + schoolMask(4)
            // WotLK:   packed_guid victim + packed_guid caster + spellId(4) + damage(4) + absorbed(4) + schoolMask(4)
            const bool shieldTbc = isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            const bool shieldWotlkLike = !isClassicLikeExpansion() && !shieldTbc;
            const auto shieldRem = [&]() { return packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos(); };
            const size_t shieldMinSz = shieldTbc ? 24u : 2u;
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < shieldMinSz) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            if (!shieldTbc && (!hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t victimGuid = shieldTbc
                ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (shieldTbc ? 8u : 1u)
                || (!shieldTbc && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t casterGuid = shieldTbc
                ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            const size_t shieldTailSize = shieldWotlkLike ? 16u : 12u;
            if (shieldRem() < shieldTailSize) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint32_t shieldSpellId = packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t damage        = packet.readUInt32();
            if (shieldWotlkLike)
                /*uint32_t absorbed =*/ packet.readUInt32();
            /*uint32_t school =*/  packet.readUInt32();
            // Show combat text: damage shield reflect
            if (casterGuid == playerGuid) {
                // We have a damage shield that reflected damage
                addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::SPELL_DAMAGE, static_cast<int32_t>(damage), shieldSpellId, true, 0, casterGuid, victimGuid);
            } else if (victimGuid == playerGuid) {
                // A damage shield hit us (e.g. target's Thorns)
                addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::SPELL_DAMAGE, static_cast<int32_t>(damage), shieldSpellId, false, 0, casterGuid, victimGuid);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_AURACASTLOG:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPELLBREAKLOG:
            // These packets are not damage-shield events. Consume them without
            // synthesizing reflected damage entries or misattributing GUIDs.
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPELLORDAMAGE_IMMUNE: {
            // WotLK/Classic/Turtle: packed casterGuid + packed victimGuid + uint32 spellId + uint8 saveType
            // TBC:                  full uint64 casterGuid + full uint64 victimGuid + uint32 + uint8
            const bool immuneUsesFullGuid = isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            const size_t minSz = immuneUsesFullGuid ? 21u : 2u;
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < minSz) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            if (!immuneUsesFullGuid && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet)) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t casterGuid = immuneUsesFullGuid
                ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (immuneUsesFullGuid ? 8u : 2u)
                || (!immuneUsesFullGuid && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t victimGuid = immuneUsesFullGuid
                ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 5) break;
            uint32_t immuneSpellId = packet.readUInt32();
            /*uint8_t saveType =*/ packet.readUInt8();
            // Show IMMUNE text when the player is the caster (we hit an immune target)
            // or the victim (we are immune)
            if (casterGuid == playerGuid || victimGuid == playerGuid) {
                addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::IMMUNE, 0, immuneSpellId,
                              casterGuid == playerGuid, 0, casterGuid, victimGuid);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPELLDISPELLOG: {
            // WotLK/Classic/Turtle: packed casterGuid + packed victimGuid + uint32 dispelSpell + uint8 isStolen
            // TBC:                  full uint64 casterGuid + full uint64 victimGuid + ...
            // + uint32 count + count × (uint32 dispelled_spellId + uint32 unk)
            const bool dispelUsesFullGuid = isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (dispelUsesFullGuid ? 8u : 1u)
                || (!dispelUsesFullGuid && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t casterGuid = dispelUsesFullGuid
                ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (dispelUsesFullGuid ? 8u : 1u)
                || (!dispelUsesFullGuid && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t victimGuid = dispelUsesFullGuid
                ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 9) break;
            /*uint32_t dispelSpell =*/ packet.readUInt32();
            uint8_t isStolen = packet.readUInt8();
            uint32_t count   = packet.readUInt32();
            // Preserve every dispelled aura in the combat log instead of collapsing
            // multi-aura packets down to the first entry only.
            const size_t dispelEntrySize = dispelUsesFullGuid ? 8u : 5u;
            std::vector<uint32_t> dispelledIds;
            dispelledIds.reserve(count);
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count && packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= dispelEntrySize; ++i) {
                uint32_t dispelledId = packet.readUInt32();
                if (dispelUsesFullGuid) {
                    /*uint32_t unk =*/ packet.readUInt32();
                } else {
                    /*uint8_t isPositive =*/ packet.readUInt8();
                }
                if (dispelledId != 0) {
                    dispelledIds.push_back(dispelledId);
                }
            }
            // Show system message if player was victim or caster
            if (victimGuid == playerGuid || casterGuid == playerGuid) {
                std::vector<uint32_t> loggedIds;
                if (isStolen) {
                    loggedIds.reserve(dispelledIds.size());
                    for (uint32_t dispelledId : dispelledIds) {
                        if (shouldLogSpellstealAura(casterGuid, victimGuid, dispelledId))
                            loggedIds.push_back(dispelledId);
                    }
                } else {
                    loggedIds = dispelledIds;
                }

                const std::string displaySpellNames = formatSpellNameList(*this, loggedIds);
                if (!displaySpellNames.empty()) {
                    char buf[256];
                    const char* passiveVerb = loggedIds.size() == 1 ? "was" : "were";
                    if (isStolen) {
                        if (victimGuid == playerGuid && casterGuid != playerGuid)
                            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s %s stolen.",
                                          displaySpellNames.c_str(), passiveVerb);
                        else if (casterGuid == playerGuid)
                            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "You steal %s.", displaySpellNames.c_str());
                        else
                            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s %s stolen.",
                                          displaySpellNames.c_str(), passiveVerb);
                    } else {
                        if (victimGuid == playerGuid && casterGuid != playerGuid)
                            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s %s dispelled.",
                                          displaySpellNames.c_str(), passiveVerb);
                        else if (casterGuid == playerGuid)
                            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "You dispel %s.", displaySpellNames.c_str());
                        else
                            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s %s dispelled.",
                                          displaySpellNames.c_str(), passiveVerb);
                    }
                    addSystemChatMessage(buf);
                }
                // Preserve stolen auras as spellsteal events so the log wording stays accurate.
                if (!loggedIds.empty()) {
                    bool isPlayerCaster = (casterGuid == playerGuid);
                    for (uint32_t dispelledId : loggedIds) {
                        addCombatText(isStolen ? CombatTextEntry::STEAL : CombatTextEntry::DISPEL,
                                      0, dispelledId, isPlayerCaster, 0,
                                      casterGuid, victimGuid);
                    }
                }
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPELLSTEALLOG: {
            // Sent to the CASTER (Mage) when Spellsteal succeeds.
            // Wire format mirrors SPELLDISPELLOG:
            // WotLK/Classic/Turtle: packed victim + packed caster + uint32 spellId + uint8 isStolen + uint32 count
            //                        + count × (uint32 stolenSpellId + uint8 isPositive)
            // TBC:                   full uint64 victim + full uint64 caster + same tail
            const bool stealUsesFullGuid = isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (stealUsesFullGuid ? 8u : 1u)
                || (!stealUsesFullGuid && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t stealVictim = stealUsesFullGuid
                ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (stealUsesFullGuid ? 8u : 1u)
                || (!stealUsesFullGuid && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t stealCaster = stealUsesFullGuid
                ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 9) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            /*uint32_t stealSpellId =*/ packet.readUInt32();
            /*uint8_t  isStolen    =*/ packet.readUInt8();
            uint32_t stealCount   = packet.readUInt32();
            // Preserve every stolen aura in the combat log instead of only the first.
            const size_t stealEntrySize = stealUsesFullGuid ? 8u : 5u;
            std::vector<uint32_t> stolenIds;
            stolenIds.reserve(stealCount);
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < stealCount && packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= stealEntrySize; ++i) {
                uint32_t stolenId = packet.readUInt32();
                if (stealUsesFullGuid) {
                    /*uint32_t unk =*/ packet.readUInt32();
                } else {
                    /*uint8_t isPos  =*/ packet.readUInt8();
                }
                if (stolenId != 0) {
                    stolenIds.push_back(stolenId);
                }
            }
            if (stealCaster == playerGuid || stealVictim == playerGuid) {
                std::vector<uint32_t> loggedIds;
                loggedIds.reserve(stolenIds.size());
                for (uint32_t stolenId : stolenIds) {
                    if (shouldLogSpellstealAura(stealCaster, stealVictim, stolenId))
                        loggedIds.push_back(stolenId);
                }

                const std::string displaySpellNames = formatSpellNameList(*this, loggedIds);
                if (!displaySpellNames.empty()) {
                    char buf[256];
                    if (stealCaster == playerGuid)
                        std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "You stole %s.", displaySpellNames.c_str());
                    else
                        std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s %s stolen.", displaySpellNames.c_str(),
                                      loggedIds.size() == 1 ? "was" : "were");
                    addSystemChatMessage(buf);
                }
                // Some servers emit both SPELLDISPELLOG(isStolen=1) and SPELLSTEALLOG
                // for the same aura. Keep the first event and suppress the duplicate.
                if (!loggedIds.empty()) {
                    bool isPlayerCaster = (stealCaster == playerGuid);
                    for (uint32_t stolenId : loggedIds) {
                        addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::STEAL, 0, stolenId, isPlayerCaster, 0,
                                      stealCaster, stealVictim);
                    }
                }
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPELL_CHANCE_PROC_LOG: {
            // WotLK/Classic/Turtle: packed_guid target + packed_guid caster + uint32 spellId + ...
            // TBC:                  uint64 target + uint64 caster + uint32 spellId + ...
            const bool procChanceUsesFullGuid = isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            auto readProcChanceGuid = [&]() -> uint64_t {
                if (procChanceUsesFullGuid)
                    return (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) ? packet.readUInt64() : 0;
                return UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            };
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (procChanceUsesFullGuid ? 8u : 1u)
                || (!procChanceUsesFullGuid && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t procTargetGuid = readProcChanceGuid();
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (procChanceUsesFullGuid ? 8u : 1u)
                || (!procChanceUsesFullGuid && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t procCasterGuid = readProcChanceGuid();
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint32_t procSpellId = packet.readUInt32();
            // Show a "PROC!" floating text when the player triggers the proc
            if (procCasterGuid == playerGuid && procSpellId > 0)
                addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::PROC_TRIGGER, 0, procSpellId, true, 0,
                              procCasterGuid, procTargetGuid);
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPELLINSTAKILLLOG: {
            // Sent when a unit is killed by a spell with SPELL_ATTR_EX2_INSTAKILL (e.g. Execute, Obliterate, etc.)
            // WotLK/Classic/Turtle: packed_guid caster + packed_guid victim + uint32 spellId
            // TBC:                  full uint64 caster + full uint64 victim + uint32 spellId
            const bool ikUsesFullGuid = isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            auto ik_rem = [&]() { return packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos(); };
            if (ik_rem() < (ikUsesFullGuid ? 8u : 1u)
                || (!ikUsesFullGuid && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t ikCaster = ikUsesFullGuid
                ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (ik_rem() < (ikUsesFullGuid ? 8u : 1u)
                || (!ikUsesFullGuid && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t ikVictim = ikUsesFullGuid
                ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (ik_rem() < 4) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint32_t ikSpell = packet.readUInt32();
            // Show kill/death feedback for the local player
            if (ikCaster == playerGuid) {
                addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::INSTAKILL, 0, ikSpell, true, 0, ikCaster, ikVictim);
            } else if (ikVictim == playerGuid) {
                addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::INSTAKILL, 0, ikSpell, false, 0, ikCaster, ikVictim);
                addUIError("You were killed by an instant-kill effect.");
                addSystemChatMessage("You were killed by an instant-kill effect.");
            }
            LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_SPELLINSTAKILLLOG: caster=0x", std::hex, ikCaster,
                      " victim=0x", ikVictim, std::dec, " spell=", ikSpell);
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPELLLOGEXECUTE: {
            // WotLK/Classic/Turtle: packed_guid caster + uint32 spellId + uint32 effectCount
            // TBC:                  uint64 caster + uint32 spellId + uint32 effectCount
            // Per-effect: uint8 effectType + uint32 effectLogCount + effect-specific data
            // Effect 10 = POWER_DRAIN:   packed_guid target + uint32 amount + uint32 powerType + float multiplier
            // Effect 11 = HEALTH_LEECH:  packed_guid target + uint32 amount + float multiplier
            // Effect 24 = CREATE_ITEM:   uint32 itemEntry
            // Effect 26 = INTERRUPT_CAST: packed_guid target + uint32 interrupted_spell_id
            // Effect 49 = FEED_PET:      uint32 itemEntry
            // Effect 114= CREATE_ITEM2:  uint32 itemEntry (same layout as CREATE_ITEM)
            const bool exeUsesFullGuid = isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (exeUsesFullGuid ? 8u : 1u)) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            if (!exeUsesFullGuid && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet)) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t exeCaster = exeUsesFullGuid
                ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint32_t exeSpellId = packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t exeEffectCount = packet.readUInt32();
            exeEffectCount = std::min(exeEffectCount, 32u); // sanity

            const bool isPlayerCaster = (exeCaster == playerGuid);
            for (uint32_t ei = 0; ei < exeEffectCount; ++ei) {
                if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 5) break;
                uint8_t  effectType     = packet.readUInt8();
                uint32_t effectLogCount = packet.readUInt32();
                effectLogCount = std::min(effectLogCount, 64u); // sanity
                if (effectType == 10) {
                    // SPELL_EFFECT_POWER_DRAIN: packed_guid target + uint32 amount + uint32 powerType + float multiplier
                    for (uint32_t li = 0; li < effectLogCount; ++li) {
                        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (exeUsesFullGuid ? 8u : 1u)
                            || (!exeUsesFullGuid && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
                        }
                        uint64_t drainTarget = exeUsesFullGuid
                            ? packet.readUInt64()
                            : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
                        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 12) { packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break; }
                        uint32_t drainAmount = packet.readUInt32();
                        uint32_t drainPower  = packet.readUInt32(); // 0=mana,1=rage,3=energy,6=runic
                        float drainMult = packet.readFloat();
                        if (drainAmount > 0) {
                            if (drainTarget == playerGuid)
                                addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::POWER_DRAIN, static_cast<int32_t>(drainAmount), exeSpellId, false,
                                              static_cast<uint8_t>(drainPower),
                                              exeCaster, drainTarget);
                            if (isPlayerCaster) {
                                if (drainTarget != playerGuid) {
                                    addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::POWER_DRAIN, static_cast<int32_t>(drainAmount), exeSpellId, true,
                                                  static_cast<uint8_t>(drainPower), exeCaster, drainTarget);
                                }
                                if (drainMult > 0.0f && std::isfinite(drainMult)) {
                                    const uint32_t gainedAmount = static_cast<uint32_t>(
                                        std::lround(static_cast<double>(drainAmount) * static_cast<double>(drainMult)));
                                    if (gainedAmount > 0) {
                                        addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::ENERGIZE, static_cast<int32_t>(gainedAmount), exeSpellId, true,
                                                      static_cast<uint8_t>(drainPower), exeCaster, exeCaster);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_SPELLLOGEXECUTE POWER_DRAIN: spell=", exeSpellId,
                                  " power=", drainPower, " amount=", drainAmount,
                                  " multiplier=", drainMult);
                    }
                } else if (effectType == 11) {
                    // SPELL_EFFECT_HEALTH_LEECH: packed_guid target + uint32 amount + float multiplier
                    for (uint32_t li = 0; li < effectLogCount; ++li) {
                        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (exeUsesFullGuid ? 8u : 1u)
                            || (!exeUsesFullGuid && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
                        }
                        uint64_t leechTarget = exeUsesFullGuid
                            ? packet.readUInt64()
                            : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
                        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) { packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break; }
                        uint32_t leechAmount = packet.readUInt32();
                        float leechMult = packet.readFloat();
                        if (leechAmount > 0) {
                            if (leechTarget == playerGuid) {
                                addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::SPELL_DAMAGE, static_cast<int32_t>(leechAmount), exeSpellId, false, 0,
                                              exeCaster, leechTarget);
                            } else if (isPlayerCaster) {
                                addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::SPELL_DAMAGE, static_cast<int32_t>(leechAmount), exeSpellId, true, 0,
                                              exeCaster, leechTarget);
                            }
                            if (isPlayerCaster && leechMult > 0.0f && std::isfinite(leechMult)) {
                                const uint32_t gainedAmount = static_cast<uint32_t>(
                                    std::lround(static_cast<double>(leechAmount) * static_cast<double>(leechMult)));
                                if (gainedAmount > 0) {
                                    addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::HEAL, static_cast<int32_t>(gainedAmount), exeSpellId, true, 0,
                                                  exeCaster, exeCaster);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_SPELLLOGEXECUTE HEALTH_LEECH: spell=", exeSpellId,
                                  " amount=", leechAmount, " multiplier=", leechMult);
                    }
                } else if (effectType == 24 || effectType == 114) {
                    // SPELL_EFFECT_CREATE_ITEM / CREATE_ITEM2: uint32 itemEntry per log entry
                    for (uint32_t li = 0; li < effectLogCount; ++li) {
                        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
                        uint32_t itemEntry = packet.readUInt32();
                        if (isPlayerCaster && itemEntry != 0) {
                            ensureItemInfo(itemEntry);
                            const ItemQueryResponseData* info = getItemInfo(itemEntry);
                            std::string itemName = info && !info->name.empty()
                                ? info->name : ("item #" + std::to_string(itemEntry));
                            loadSpellNameCache();
                            auto spellIt = spellNameCache_.find(exeSpellId);
                            std::string spellName = (spellIt != spellNameCache_.end() && !spellIt->second.name.empty())
                                ? spellIt->second.name : "";
                            std::string msg = spellName.empty()
                                ? ("You create: " + itemName + ".")
                                : ("You create " + itemName + " using " + spellName + ".");
                            addSystemChatMessage(msg);
                            LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_SPELLLOGEXECUTE CREATE_ITEM: spell=", exeSpellId,
                                      " item=", itemEntry, " name=", itemName);

                            // Repeat-craft queue: re-cast if more crafts remaining
                            if (craftQueueRemaining_ > 0 && craftQueueSpellId_ == exeSpellId) {
                                --craftQueueRemaining_;
                                if (craftQueueRemaining_ > 0) {
                                    castSpell(craftQueueSpellId_, 0);
                                } else {
                                    craftQueueSpellId_ = 0;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } else if (effectType == 26) {
                    // SPELL_EFFECT_INTERRUPT_CAST: packed_guid target + uint32 interrupted_spell_id
                    for (uint32_t li = 0; li < effectLogCount; ++li) {
                        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (exeUsesFullGuid ? 8u : 1u)
                            || (!exeUsesFullGuid && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
                        }
                        uint64_t icTarget = exeUsesFullGuid
                            ? packet.readUInt64()
                            : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
                        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) { packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break; }
                        uint32_t icSpellId = packet.readUInt32();
                        // Clear the interrupted unit's cast bar immediately
                        unitCastStates_.erase(icTarget);
                        // Record interrupt in combat log when player is involved
                        if (isPlayerCaster || icTarget == playerGuid)
                            addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::INTERRUPT, 0, icSpellId, isPlayerCaster, 0,
                                          exeCaster, icTarget);
                        LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_SPELLLOGEXECUTE INTERRUPT_CAST: spell=", exeSpellId,
                                  " interrupted=", icSpellId, " target=0x", std::hex, icTarget, std::dec);
                    }
                } else if (effectType == 49) {
                    // SPELL_EFFECT_FEED_PET: uint32 itemEntry per log entry
                    for (uint32_t li = 0; li < effectLogCount; ++li) {
                        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
                        uint32_t feedItem = packet.readUInt32();
                        if (isPlayerCaster && feedItem != 0) {
                            ensureItemInfo(feedItem);
                            const ItemQueryResponseData* info = getItemInfo(feedItem);
                            std::string itemName = info && !info->name.empty()
                                ? info->name : ("item #" + std::to_string(feedItem));
                            uint32_t feedQuality = info ? info->quality : 1u;
                            addSystemChatMessage("You feed your pet " + buildItemLink(feedItem, feedQuality, itemName) + ".");
                            LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_SPELLLOGEXECUTE FEED_PET: item=", feedItem, " name=", itemName);
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    // Unknown effect type — stop parsing to avoid misalignment
                    packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
                    break;
                }
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPELL_CHANCE_RESIST_PUSHBACK:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPELL_UPDATE_CHAIN_TARGETS:
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_CLEAR_EXTRA_AURA_INFO: {
            // TBC 2.4.3: clear a single aura slot for a unit
            // Format: uint64 targetGuid + uint8 slot
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 9) {
                uint64_t clearGuid  = packet.readUInt64();
                uint8_t  slot       = packet.readUInt8();
                std::vector<AuraSlot>* auraList = nullptr;
                if (clearGuid == playerGuid)      auraList = &playerAuras;
                else if (clearGuid == targetGuid) auraList = &targetAuras;
                if (auraList && slot < auraList->size()) {
                    (*auraList)[slot] = AuraSlot{};
                }
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }

        // ---- Misc consume ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_ITEM_ENCHANT_TIME_UPDATE: {
            // Format: uint64 itemGuid + uint32 slot + uint32 durationSec + uint64 playerGuid
            // slot: 0=main-hand, 1=off-hand, 2=ranged
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 24) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            /*uint64_t itemGuid =*/ packet.readUInt64();
            uint32_t enchSlot    = packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t durationSec = packet.readUInt32();
            /*uint64_t playerGuid =*/ packet.readUInt64();

            // Clamp to known slots (0-2)
            if (enchSlot > 2) { break; }

            uint64_t nowMs = static_cast<uint64_t>(
                std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
                    std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());

            if (durationSec == 0) {
                // Enchant expired / removed — erase the slot entry
                tempEnchantTimers_.erase(
                    std::remove_if(tempEnchantTimers_.begin(), tempEnchantTimers_.end(),
                                   [enchSlot](const TempEnchantTimer& t) { return t.slot == enchSlot; }),
                    tempEnchantTimers_.end());
            } else {
                uint64_t expireMs = nowMs + static_cast<uint64_t>(durationSec) * 1000u;
                bool found = false;
                for (auto& t : tempEnchantTimers_) {
                    if (t.slot == enchSlot) { t.expireMs = expireMs; found = true; break; }
                }
                if (!found) tempEnchantTimers_.push_back({enchSlot, expireMs});

                // Warn at important thresholds
                if (durationSec <= 60 && durationSec > 55) {
                    const char* slotName = (enchSlot < 3) ? kTempEnchantSlotNames[enchSlot] : "weapon";
                    char buf[80];
                    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Weapon enchant (%s) expires in 1 minute!", slotName);
                    addSystemChatMessage(buf);
                } else if (durationSec <= 300 && durationSec > 295) {
                    const char* slotName = (enchSlot < 3) ? kTempEnchantSlotNames[enchSlot] : "weapon";
                    char buf[80];
                    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Weapon enchant (%s) expires in 5 minutes.", slotName);
                    addSystemChatMessage(buf);
                }
            }
            LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_ITEM_ENCHANT_TIME_UPDATE: slot=", enchSlot, " dur=", durationSec, "s");
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_COMPLAIN_RESULT: {
            // uint8 result: 0=success, 1=failed, 2=disabled
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
                uint8_t result = packet.readUInt8();
                if (result == 0)
                    addSystemChatMessage("Your complaint has been submitted.");
                else if (result == 2)
                    addUIError("Report a Player is currently disabled.");
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_ITEM_REFUND_INFO_RESPONSE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_LOOT_LIST:
            // Consume silently — informational, no UI action needed
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_RESUME_CAST_BAR: {
            // WotLK: packed_guid caster + packed_guid target + uint32 spellId + uint32 remainingMs + uint32 totalMs + uint8 schoolMask
            // TBC/Classic: uint64 caster + uint64 target + ...
            const bool rcbTbc = isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            auto remaining = [&]() { return packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos(); };
            if (remaining() < (rcbTbc ? 8u : 1u)) break;
            uint64_t caster = rcbTbc
                ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (remaining() < (rcbTbc ? 8u : 1u)) break;
            if (rcbTbc) packet.readUInt64(); // target (discard)
            else (void)UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet); // target
            if (remaining() < 12) break;
            uint32_t spellId   = packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t remainMs  = packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t totalMs   = packet.readUInt32();
            if (totalMs > 0) {
                if (caster == playerGuid) {
                    casting            = true;
                    castIsChannel      = false;
                    currentCastSpellId = spellId;
                    castTimeTotal      = totalMs  / 1000.0f;
                    castTimeRemaining  = remainMs / 1000.0f;
                } else {
                    auto& s = unitCastStates_[caster];
                    s.casting       = true;
                    s.spellId       = spellId;
                    s.timeTotal     = totalMs  / 1000.0f;
                    s.timeRemaining = remainMs / 1000.0f;
                }
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_RESUME_CAST_BAR: caster=0x", std::hex, caster, std::dec,
                          " spell=", spellId, " remaining=", remainMs, "ms total=", totalMs, "ms");
            }
            break;
        }
        // ---- Channeled spell start/tick (WotLK: packed GUIDs; TBC/Classic: full uint64) ----
        case Opcode::MSG_CHANNEL_START: {
            // casterGuid + uint32 spellId + uint32 totalDurationMs
            const bool tbcOrClassic = isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            uint64_t chanCaster = tbcOrClassic
                ? (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8 ? packet.readUInt64() : 0)
                : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) break;
            uint32_t chanSpellId = packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t chanTotalMs = packet.readUInt32();
            if (chanTotalMs > 0 && chanCaster != 0) {
                if (chanCaster == playerGuid) {
                    casting            = true;
                    castIsChannel      = true;
                    currentCastSpellId = chanSpellId;
                    castTimeTotal      = chanTotalMs / 1000.0f;
                    castTimeRemaining  = castTimeTotal;
                } else {
                    auto& s = unitCastStates_[chanCaster];
                    s.casting        = true;
                    s.spellId        = chanSpellId;
                    s.timeTotal      = chanTotalMs / 1000.0f;
                    s.timeRemaining  = s.timeTotal;
                    s.interruptible  = isSpellInterruptible(chanSpellId);
                }
                LOG_DEBUG("MSG_CHANNEL_START: caster=0x", std::hex, chanCaster, std::dec,
                          " spell=", chanSpellId, " total=", chanTotalMs, "ms");
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::MSG_CHANNEL_UPDATE: {
            // casterGuid + uint32 remainingMs
            const bool tbcOrClassic2 = isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            uint64_t chanCaster2 = tbcOrClassic2
                ? (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8 ? packet.readUInt64() : 0)
                : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
            uint32_t chanRemainMs = packet.readUInt32();
            if (chanCaster2 == playerGuid) {
                castTimeRemaining = chanRemainMs / 1000.0f;
                if (chanRemainMs == 0) {
                    casting = false;
                    castIsChannel = false;
                    currentCastSpellId = 0;
                }
            } else if (chanCaster2 != 0) {
                auto it = unitCastStates_.find(chanCaster2);
                if (it != unitCastStates_.end()) {
                    it->second.timeRemaining = chanRemainMs / 1000.0f;
                    if (chanRemainMs == 0) unitCastStates_.erase(it);
                }
            }
            LOG_DEBUG("MSG_CHANNEL_UPDATE: caster=0x", std::hex, chanCaster2, std::dec,
                      " remaining=", chanRemainMs, "ms");
            break;
        }

        case Opcode::SMSG_UPDATE_INSTANCE_ENCOUNTER_UNIT: {
            // uint32 slot + packed_guid unit (0 packed = clear slot)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 5) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
                break;
            }
            uint32_t slot = packet.readUInt32();
            uint64_t unit = UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (slot < kMaxEncounterSlots) {
                encounterUnitGuids_[slot] = unit;
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_UPDATE_INSTANCE_ENCOUNTER_UNIT: slot=", slot,
                          " guid=0x", std::hex, unit, std::dec);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_UPDATE_INSTANCE_OWNERSHIP:
        case Opcode::SMSG_UPDATE_LAST_INSTANCE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SEND_ALL_COMBAT_LOG:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SET_PROJECTILE_POSITION:
        case Opcode::SMSG_AUCTION_LIST_PENDING_SALES:
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        // ---- Server-first achievement broadcast ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_SERVER_FIRST_ACHIEVEMENT: {
            // charName (cstring) + guid (uint64) + achievementId (uint32) + ...
            if (packet.getReadPos() < packet.getSize()) {
                std::string charName = packet.readString();
                if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 12) {
                    /*uint64_t guid =*/ packet.readUInt64();
                    uint32_t achievementId = packet.readUInt32();
                    loadAchievementNameCache();
                    auto nit = achievementNameCache_.find(achievementId);
                    char buf[256];
                    if (nit != achievementNameCache_.end() && !nit->second.empty()) {
                        std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                            "%s is the first on the realm to earn: %s!",
                            charName.c_str(), nit->second.c_str());
                    } else {
                        std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                            "%s is the first on the realm to earn achievement #%u!",
                            charName.c_str(), achievementId);
                    }
                    addSystemChatMessage(buf);
                }
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }

        // ---- Forced faction reactions ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_SET_FORCED_REACTIONS:
            handleSetForcedReactions(packet);
            break;

        // ---- Spline speed changes for other units ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_SET_FLIGHT_SPEED:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_SET_FLIGHT_BACK_SPEED:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_SET_SWIM_BACK_SPEED:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_SET_WALK_SPEED:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_SET_TURN_RATE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_SET_PITCH_RATE: {
            // Minimal parse: PackedGuid + float speed
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 5) break;
            uint64_t sGuid = UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
            float sSpeed = packet.readFloat();
            if (sGuid == playerGuid && std::isfinite(sSpeed) && sSpeed > 0.01f && sSpeed < 200.0f) {
                if (*logicalOp == Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_SET_FLIGHT_SPEED)
                    serverFlightSpeed_ = sSpeed;
                else if (*logicalOp == Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_SET_FLIGHT_BACK_SPEED)
                    serverFlightBackSpeed_ = sSpeed;
                else if (*logicalOp == Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_SET_SWIM_BACK_SPEED)
                    serverSwimBackSpeed_ = sSpeed;
                else if (*logicalOp == Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_SET_WALK_SPEED)
                    serverWalkSpeed_ = sSpeed;
                else if (*logicalOp == Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_SET_TURN_RATE)
                    serverTurnRate_ = sSpeed;  // rad/s
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Spline move flag changes for other units ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_UNROOT:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_UNSET_HOVER:
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_WATER_WALK: {
            // Minimal parse: PackedGuid only — no animation-relevant state change.
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
                (void)UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_UNSET_FLYING: {
            // PackedGuid + synthesised move-flags=0 → clears flying animation.
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) break;
            uint64_t guid = UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (guid == 0 || guid == playerGuid || !unitMoveFlagsCallback_) break;
            unitMoveFlagsCallback_(guid, 0u); // clear flying/CAN_FLY
            break;
        }

        // ---- Quest failure notification ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUESTGIVER_QUEST_FAILED: {
            // uint32 questId + uint32 reason
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
                uint32_t questId = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t reason = packet.readUInt32();
                std::string questTitle;
                for (const auto& q : questLog_)
                    if (q.questId == questId && !q.title.empty()) { questTitle = q.title; break; }
                const char* reasonStr = nullptr;
                switch (reason) {
                    case 1: reasonStr = "failed conditions"; break;
                    case 2: reasonStr = "inventory full"; break;
                    case 3: reasonStr = "too far away"; break;
                    case 4: reasonStr = "another quest is blocking"; break;
                    case 5: reasonStr = "wrong time of day"; break;
                    case 6: reasonStr = "wrong race"; break;
                    case 7: reasonStr = "wrong class"; break;
                }
                std::string msg = questTitle.empty() ? "Quest" : ('"' + questTitle + '"');
                msg += " failed";
                if (reasonStr) msg += std::string(": ") + reasonStr;
                msg += '.';
                addSystemChatMessage(msg);
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Suspend comms (requires ACK) ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_SUSPEND_COMMS: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t seqIdx = packet.readUInt32();
                if (socket) {
                    network::Packet ack(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_SUSPEND_COMMS_ACK));
                    ack.writeUInt32(seqIdx);
                    socket->send(ack);
                }
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Pre-resurrect state ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_PRE_RESURRECT: {
            // packed GUID of the player to enter pre-resurrect
            (void)UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            break;
        }

        // ---- Hearthstone bind error ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_PLAYERBINDERROR: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t error = packet.readUInt32();
                if (error == 0) {
                    addUIError("Your hearthstone is not bound.");
                    addSystemChatMessage("Your hearthstone is not bound.");
                } else {
                    addUIError("Hearthstone bind failed.");
                    addSystemChatMessage("Hearthstone bind failed.");
                }
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Instance/raid errors ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_RAID_GROUP_ONLY: {
            addUIError("You must be in a raid group to enter this instance.");
            addSystemChatMessage("You must be in a raid group to enter this instance.");
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_RAID_READY_CHECK_ERROR: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
                uint8_t err = packet.readUInt8();
                if (err == 0) { addUIError("Ready check failed: not in a group."); addSystemChatMessage("Ready check failed: not in a group."); }
                else if (err == 1) { addUIError("Ready check failed: in instance."); addSystemChatMessage("Ready check failed: in instance."); }
                else { addUIError("Ready check failed."); addSystemChatMessage("Ready check failed."); }
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_RESET_FAILED_NOTIFY: {
            addUIError("Cannot reset instance: another player is still inside.");
            addSystemChatMessage("Cannot reset instance: another player is still inside.");
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }

        // ---- Realm split ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_REALM_SPLIT: {
            // uint32 splitType + uint32 deferTime + string realmName
            // Client must respond with CMSG_REALM_SPLIT to avoid session timeout on some servers.
            uint32_t splitType = 0;
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4)
                splitType = packet.readUInt32();
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            if (socket) {
                network::Packet resp(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_REALM_SPLIT));
                resp.writeUInt32(splitType);
                resp.writeString("3.3.5");
                socket->send(resp);
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_REALM_SPLIT splitType=", splitType, " — sent CMSG_REALM_SPLIT ack");
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Real group update (group type, local player flags, leader) ----
        // Sent when the player's group configuration changes: group type,
        // role/flags (assistant/MT/MA), or leader changes.
        // Format: uint8 groupType | uint32 memberFlags | uint64 leaderGuid
        case Opcode::SMSG_REAL_GROUP_UPDATE: {
            auto rem = [&]() { return packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos(); };
            if (rem() < 1) break;
            uint8_t newGroupType = packet.readUInt8();
            if (rem() < 4) break;
            uint32_t newMemberFlags = packet.readUInt32();
            if (rem() < 8) break;
            uint64_t newLeaderGuid = packet.readUInt64();

            partyData.groupType = newGroupType;
            partyData.leaderGuid = newLeaderGuid;

            // Update local player's flags in the member list
            uint64_t localGuid = playerGuid;
            for (auto& m : partyData.members) {
                if (m.guid == localGuid) {
                    m.flags = static_cast<uint8_t>(newMemberFlags & 0xFF);
                    break;
                }
            }
            LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_REAL_GROUP_UPDATE groupType=", static_cast<int>(newGroupType),
                      " memberFlags=0x", std::hex, newMemberFlags, std::dec,
                      " leaderGuid=", newLeaderGuid);
            break;
        }

        // ---- Play music (WotLK standard opcode) ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_PLAY_MUSIC: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t soundId = packet.readUInt32();
                if (playMusicCallback_) playMusicCallback_(soundId);
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Play object/spell sounds ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_PLAY_OBJECT_SOUND:
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 12) {
                // uint32 soundId + uint64 sourceGuid
                uint32_t soundId = packet.readUInt32();
                uint64_t srcGuid = packet.readUInt64();
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_PLAY_OBJECT_SOUND: id=", soundId, " src=0x", std::hex, srcGuid, std::dec);
                if (playPositionalSoundCallback_) playPositionalSoundCallback_(soundId, srcGuid);
                else if (playSoundCallback_) playSoundCallback_(soundId);
            } else if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t soundId = packet.readUInt32();
                if (playSoundCallback_) playSoundCallback_(soundId);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_PLAY_SPELL_IMPACT: {
            // uint64 targetGuid + uint32 visualId (same structure as SMSG_PLAY_SPELL_VISUAL)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 12) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t impTargetGuid = packet.readUInt64();
            uint32_t impVisualId   = packet.readUInt32();
            if (impVisualId == 0) break;
            auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer();
            if (!renderer) break;
            glm::vec3 spawnPos;
            if (impTargetGuid == playerGuid) {
                spawnPos = renderer->getCharacterPosition();
            } else {
                auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(impTargetGuid);
                if (!entity) break;
                glm::vec3 canonical(entity->getLatestX(), entity->getLatestY(), entity->getLatestZ());
                spawnPos = core::coords::canonicalToRender(canonical);
            }
            renderer->playSpellVisual(impVisualId, spawnPos, /*useImpactKit=*/true);
            break;
        }

        // ---- Resistance/combat log ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_RESISTLOG: {
            // WotLK/Classic/Turtle: uint32 hitInfo + packed_guid attacker + packed_guid victim + uint32 spellId
            //                      + float resistFactor + uint32 targetRes + uint32 resistedValue + ...
            // TBC:                 same layout but full uint64 GUIDs
            // Show RESIST combat text when player resists an incoming spell.
            const bool rlUsesFullGuid = isActiveExpansion("tbc");
            auto rl_rem = [&]() { return packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos(); };
            if (rl_rem() < 4) { packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break; }
            /*uint32_t hitInfo =*/ packet.readUInt32();
            if (rl_rem() < (rlUsesFullGuid ? 8u : 1u)
                || (!rlUsesFullGuid && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t attackerGuid = rlUsesFullGuid
                ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (rl_rem() < (rlUsesFullGuid ? 8u : 1u)
                || (!rlUsesFullGuid && !hasFullPackedGuid(packet))) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t victimGuid = rlUsesFullGuid
                ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (rl_rem() < 4) { packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break; }
            uint32_t spellId = packet.readUInt32();
            // Resist payload includes:
            // float resistFactor + uint32 targetResistance + uint32 resistedValue.
            // Require the full payload so truncated packets cannot synthesize
            // zero-value resist events.
            if (rl_rem() < 12) { packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break; }
            /*float resistFactor =*/ packet.readFloat();
            /*uint32_t targetRes =*/ packet.readUInt32();
            int32_t resistedAmount = static_cast<int32_t>(packet.readUInt32());
            // Show RESIST when the player is involved on either side.
            if (resistedAmount > 0 && victimGuid == playerGuid) {
                addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::RESIST, resistedAmount, spellId, false, 0, attackerGuid, victimGuid);
            } else if (resistedAmount > 0 && attackerGuid == playerGuid) {
                addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::RESIST, resistedAmount, spellId, true, 0, attackerGuid, victimGuid);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }

        // ---- Read item results ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_READ_ITEM_OK:
            bookPages_.clear();  // fresh book for this item read
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_READ_ITEM_FAILED:
            addUIError("You cannot read this item.");
            addSystemChatMessage("You cannot read this item.");
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        // ---- Completed quests query ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUERY_QUESTS_COMPLETED_RESPONSE: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t count = packet.readUInt32();
                if (count <= 4096) {
                    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
                        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
                        uint32_t questId = packet.readUInt32();
                        completedQuests_.insert(questId);
                    }
                    LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_QUERY_QUESTS_COMPLETED_RESPONSE: ", count, " completed quests");
                }
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }

        // ---- PVP quest kill update ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUESTUPDATE_ADD_PVP_KILL: {
            // WotLK 3.3.5a format: uint64 guid + uint32 questId + uint32 count + uint32 reqCount
            // Classic format:       uint64 guid + uint32 questId + uint32 count  (no reqCount)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 16) {
                /*uint64_t guid =*/ packet.readUInt64();
                uint32_t questId = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t count   = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t reqCount = 0;
                if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                    reqCount = packet.readUInt32();
                }

                // Update quest log kill counts (PvP kills use entry=0 as the key
                // since there's no specific creature entry — one slot per quest).
                constexpr uint32_t PVP_KILL_ENTRY = 0u;
                for (auto& quest : questLog_) {
                    if (quest.questId != questId) continue;

                    if (reqCount == 0) {
                        auto it = quest.killCounts.find(PVP_KILL_ENTRY);
                        if (it != quest.killCounts.end()) reqCount = it->second.second;
                    }
                    if (reqCount == 0) {
                        // Pull required count from kill objectives (npcOrGoId == 0 slot, if any)
                        for (const auto& obj : quest.killObjectives) {
                            if (obj.npcOrGoId == 0 && obj.required > 0) {
                                reqCount = obj.required;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if (reqCount == 0) reqCount = count;
                    quest.killCounts[PVP_KILL_ENTRY] = {count, reqCount};

                    std::string progressMsg = quest.title + ": PvP kills " +
                        std::to_string(count) + "/" + std::to_string(reqCount);
                    addSystemChatMessage(progressMsg);
                    break;
                }
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- NPC not responding ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_NPC_WONT_TALK:
            addUIError("That creature can't talk to you right now.");
            addSystemChatMessage("That creature can't talk to you right now.");
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        // ---- Petition ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_OFFER_PETITION_ERROR: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t err = packet.readUInt32();
                if (err == 1) addSystemChatMessage("Player is already in a guild.");
                else if (err == 2) addSystemChatMessage("Player already has a petition.");
                else addSystemChatMessage("Cannot offer petition to that player.");
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_PETITION_QUERY_RESPONSE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_PETITION_SHOW_SIGNATURES:
        case Opcode::SMSG_PETITION_SIGN_RESULTS:
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        // ---- Pet system ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_PET_MODE: {
            // uint64 petGuid, uint32 mode
            // mode bits: low byte = command state, next byte = react state
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 12) {
                uint64_t modeGuid = packet.readUInt64();
                uint32_t mode     = packet.readUInt32();
                if (modeGuid == petGuid_) {
                    petCommand_ = static_cast<uint8_t>(mode & 0xFF);
                    petReact_   = static_cast<uint8_t>((mode >> 8) & 0xFF);
                    LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_PET_MODE: command=", (int)petCommand_,
                              " react=", (int)petReact_);
                }
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_PET_BROKEN:
            // Pet bond broken (died or forcibly dismissed) — clear pet state
            petGuid_ = 0;
            petSpellList_.clear();
            petAutocastSpells_.clear();
            memset(petActionSlots_, 0, sizeof(petActionSlots_));
            addSystemChatMessage("Your pet has died.");
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_PET_BROKEN: pet bond broken");
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_PET_LEARNED_SPELL: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t spellId = packet.readUInt32();
                petSpellList_.push_back(spellId);
                const std::string& sname = getSpellName(spellId);
                addSystemChatMessage("Your pet has learned " + (sname.empty() ? "a new ability." : sname + "."));
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_PET_LEARNED_SPELL: spellId=", spellId);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_PET_UNLEARNED_SPELL: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t spellId = packet.readUInt32();
                petSpellList_.erase(
                    std::remove(petSpellList_.begin(), petSpellList_.end(), spellId),
                    petSpellList_.end());
                petAutocastSpells_.erase(spellId);
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_PET_UNLEARNED_SPELL: spellId=", spellId);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_PET_CAST_FAILED: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 5) {
                uint8_t  castCount = packet.readUInt8();
                uint32_t spellId   = packet.readUInt32();
                uint8_t  reason    = (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1)
                                         ? packet.readUInt8() : 0;
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_PET_CAST_FAILED: spell=", spellId,
                          " reason=", (int)reason, " castCount=", (int)castCount);
                if (reason != 0) {
                    const char* reasonStr = getSpellCastResultString(reason);
                    const std::string& sName = getSpellName(spellId);
                    std::string errMsg;
                    if (reasonStr && *reasonStr)
                        errMsg = sName.empty() ? reasonStr : (sName + ": " + reasonStr);
                    else
                        errMsg = sName.empty() ? "Pet spell failed." : (sName + ": Pet spell failed.");
                    addSystemChatMessage(errMsg);
                }
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_PET_GUIDS:
        case Opcode::SMSG_PET_DISMISS_SOUND:
        case Opcode::SMSG_PET_ACTION_SOUND:
        case Opcode::SMSG_PET_UNLEARN_CONFIRM: {
            // uint64 petGuid + uint32 cost (copper)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 12) {
                petUnlearnGuid_ = packet.readUInt64();
                petUnlearnCost_ = packet.readUInt32();
                petUnlearnPending_ = true;
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_PET_UPDATE_COMBO_POINTS:
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_PET_RENAMEABLE:
            // Server signals that the pet can now be named (first tame)
            petRenameablePending_ = true;
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_PET_NAME_INVALID:
            addUIError("That pet name is invalid. Please choose a different name.");
            addSystemChatMessage("That pet name is invalid. Please choose a different name.");
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        // ---- Inspect (Classic 1.12 gear inspection) ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_INSPECT: {
            // Classic 1.12: PackedGUID + 19×uint32 itemEntries (EQUIPMENT_SLOT_END=19)
            // This opcode is only reachable on Classic servers; TBC/WotLK wire 0x115 maps to
            // SMSG_INSPECT_RESULTS_UPDATE which is handled separately.
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 2) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t guid = UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
            if (guid == 0) { packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break; }

            constexpr int kGearSlots = 19;
            size_t needed = kGearSlots * sizeof(uint32_t);
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < needed) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }

            std::array<uint32_t, 19> items{};
            for (int s = 0; s < kGearSlots; ++s)
                items[s] = packet.readUInt32();

            // Resolve player name
            auto ent = entityManager.getEntity(guid);
            std::string playerName = "Target";
            if (ent) {
                auto pl = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Player>(ent);
                if (pl && !pl->getName().empty()) playerName = pl->getName();
            }

            // Populate inspect result immediately (no talent data in Classic SMSG_INSPECT)
            inspectResult_.guid           = guid;
            inspectResult_.playerName     = playerName;
            inspectResult_.totalTalents   = 0;
            inspectResult_.unspentTalents = 0;
            inspectResult_.talentGroups   = 0;
            inspectResult_.activeTalentGroup = 0;
            inspectResult_.itemEntries    = items;
            inspectResult_.enchantIds     = {};

            // Also cache for future talent-inspect cross-reference
            inspectedPlayerItemEntries_[guid] = items;

            // Trigger item queries for non-empty slots
            for (int s = 0; s < kGearSlots; ++s) {
                if (items[s] != 0) queryItemInfo(items[s], 0);
            }

            LOG_INFO("SMSG_INSPECT (Classic): ", playerName, " has gear in ",
                     std::count_if(items.begin(), items.end(),
                                   [](uint32_t e) { return e != 0; }), "/19 slots");
            break;
        }

        // ---- Multiple aggregated packets/moves ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_MULTIPLE_MOVES:
            // Same wire format as SMSG_COMPRESSED_MOVES: uint8 size + uint16 opcode + payload[]
            handleCompressedMoves(packet);
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_MULTIPLE_PACKETS: {
            // Each sub-packet uses the standard WotLK server wire format:
            //   uint16_be subSize  (includes the 2-byte opcode; payload = subSize - 2)
            //   uint16_le subOpcode
            //   payload  (subSize - 2 bytes)
            const auto& pdata = packet.getData();
            size_t dataLen = pdata.size();
            size_t pos = packet.getReadPos();
            static uint32_t multiPktWarnCount = 0;
            std::vector<network::Packet> subPackets;
            while (pos + 4 <= dataLen) {
                uint16_t subSize = static_cast<uint16_t>(
                    (static_cast<uint16_t>(pdata[pos]) << 8) | pdata[pos + 1]);
                if (subSize < 2) break;
                size_t payloadLen = subSize - 2;
                if (pos + 4 + payloadLen > dataLen) {
                    if (++multiPktWarnCount <= 10) {
                        LOG_WARNING("SMSG_MULTIPLE_PACKETS: sub-packet overruns buffer at pos=",
                                    pos, " subSize=", subSize, " dataLen=", dataLen);
                    }
                    break;
                }
                uint16_t subOpcode = static_cast<uint16_t>(pdata[pos + 2]) |
                                     (static_cast<uint16_t>(pdata[pos + 3]) << 8);
                std::vector<uint8_t> subPayload(pdata.begin() + pos + 4,
                                                pdata.begin() + pos + 4 + payloadLen);
                subPackets.emplace_back(subOpcode, std::move(subPayload));
                pos += 4 + payloadLen;
            }
            for (auto it = subPackets.rbegin(); it != subPackets.rend(); ++it) {
                enqueueIncomingPacketFront(std::move(*it));
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }

        // ---- Misc consume (no state change needed) ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_SET_PLAYER_DECLINED_NAMES_RESULT:
        case Opcode::SMSG_REDIRECT_CLIENT:
        case Opcode::SMSG_PVP_QUEUE_STATS:
        case Opcode::SMSG_NOTIFY_DEST_LOC_SPELL_CAST:
        case Opcode::SMSG_PLAYER_SKINNED:
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_PROPOSE_LEVEL_GRANT: {
            // Recruit-A-Friend: a mentor is offering to grant you a level
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
                uint64_t mentorGuid = packet.readUInt64();
                std::string mentorName;
                auto ent = entityManager.getEntity(mentorGuid);
                if (auto* unit = dynamic_cast<Unit*>(ent.get())) mentorName = unit->getName();
                if (mentorName.empty()) {
                    auto nit = playerNameCache.find(mentorGuid);
                    if (nit != playerNameCache.end()) mentorName = nit->second;
                }
                addSystemChatMessage(mentorName.empty()
                    ? "A player is offering to grant you a level."
                    : (mentorName + " is offering to grant you a level."));
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_REFER_A_FRIEND_EXPIRED:
            addSystemChatMessage("Your Recruit-A-Friend link has expired.");
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_REFER_A_FRIEND_FAILURE: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t reason = packet.readUInt32();
                static const char* kRafErrors[] = {
                    "Not eligible",            // 0
                    "Target not eligible",     // 1
                    "Too many referrals",      // 2
                    "Wrong faction",           // 3
                    "Not a recruit",           // 4
                    "Recruit requirements not met", // 5
                    "Level above requirement", // 6
                    "Friend needs account upgrade", // 7
                };
                const char* msg = (reason < 8) ? kRafErrors[reason]
                                               : "Recruit-A-Friend failed.";
                addSystemChatMessage(std::string("Recruit-A-Friend: ") + msg);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_REPORT_PVP_AFK_RESULT: {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
                uint8_t result = packet.readUInt8();
                if (result == 0)
                    addSystemChatMessage("AFK report submitted.");
                else
                    addSystemChatMessage("Cannot report that player as AFK right now.");
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_RESPOND_INSPECT_ACHIEVEMENTS:
            handleRespondInspectAchievements(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUEST_POI_QUERY_RESPONSE:
            handleQuestPoiQueryResponse(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_ON_CANCEL_EXPECTED_RIDE_VEHICLE_AURA:
            vehicleId_ = 0;  // Vehicle ride cancelled; clear UI
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_RESET_RANGED_COMBAT_TIMER:
        case Opcode::SMSG_PROFILEDATA_RESPONSE:
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_PLAY_TIME_WARNING: {
            // uint32 type (0=normal, 1=heavy, 2=tired/restricted) + uint32 minutes played
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t warnType = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t minutesPlayed = (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4)
                    ? packet.readUInt32() : 0;
                const char* severity = (warnType >= 2) ? "[Tired] " : "[Play Time] ";
                char buf[128];
                if (minutesPlayed > 0) {
                    uint32_t h = minutesPlayed / 60;
                    uint32_t m = minutesPlayed % 60;
                    if (h > 0)
                        std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%sYou have been playing for %uh %um.", severity, h, m);
                    else
                        std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%sYou have been playing for %um.", severity, m);
                } else {
                    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%sYou have been playing for a long time.", severity);
                }
                addSystemChatMessage(buf);
                addUIError(buf);
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Item query multiple (same format as single, re-use handler) ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_ITEM_QUERY_MULTIPLE_RESPONSE:
            handleItemQueryResponse(packet);
            break;

        // ---- Object position/rotation queries ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUERY_OBJECT_POSITION:
        case Opcode::SMSG_QUERY_OBJECT_ROTATION:
        case Opcode::SMSG_VOICESESSION_FULL:
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        // ---- Mirror image data (WotLK: Mage ability Mirror Image) ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_MIRRORIMAGE_DATA: {
            // WotLK 3.3.5a format:
            //   uint64 mirrorGuid — GUID of the mirror image unit
            //   uint32 displayId  — display ID to render the image with
            //   uint8  raceId     — race of caster
            //   uint8  genderFlag — gender of caster
            //   uint8  classId    — class of caster
            //   uint64 casterGuid — GUID of the player who cast the spell
            //   Followed by equipped item display IDs (11 × uint32) if casterGuid != 0
            // Purpose: tells client how to render the image (same appearance as caster).
            // We parse the GUIDs so units render correctly via their existing display IDs.
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) break;
            uint64_t mirrorGuid = packet.readUInt64();
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
            uint32_t displayId  = packet.readUInt32();
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 3) break;
            /*uint8_t raceId   =*/ packet.readUInt8();
            /*uint8_t gender   =*/ packet.readUInt8();
            /*uint8_t classId  =*/ packet.readUInt8();
            // Apply display ID to the mirror image unit so it renders correctly
            if (mirrorGuid != 0 && displayId != 0) {
                auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(mirrorGuid);
                if (entity) {
                    auto unit = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<game::Unit>(entity);
                    if (unit && unit->getDisplayId() == 0)
                        unit->setDisplayId(displayId);
                }
            }
            LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_MIRRORIMAGE_DATA: mirrorGuid=0x", std::hex, mirrorGuid,
                      " displayId=", std::dec, displayId);
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }

        // ---- Player movement flag changes (server-pushed) ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_MOVE_GRAVITY_DISABLE:
            handleForceMoveFlagChange(packet, "GRAVITY_DISABLE", Opcode::CMSG_MOVE_GRAVITY_DISABLE_ACK,
                static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::LEVITATING), true);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_MOVE_GRAVITY_ENABLE:
            handleForceMoveFlagChange(packet, "GRAVITY_ENABLE", Opcode::CMSG_MOVE_GRAVITY_ENABLE_ACK,
                static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::LEVITATING), false);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_MOVE_LAND_WALK:
            handleForceMoveFlagChange(packet, "LAND_WALK", Opcode::CMSG_MOVE_WATER_WALK_ACK,
                static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::WATER_WALK), false);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_MOVE_NORMAL_FALL:
            handleForceMoveFlagChange(packet, "NORMAL_FALL", Opcode::CMSG_MOVE_FEATHER_FALL_ACK,
                static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::FEATHER_FALL), false);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_MOVE_SET_CAN_TRANSITION_BETWEEN_SWIM_AND_FLY:
            handleForceMoveFlagChange(packet, "SET_CAN_TRANSITION_SWIM_FLY",
                Opcode::CMSG_MOVE_SET_CAN_TRANSITION_BETWEEN_SWIM_AND_FLY_ACK, 0, true);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_MOVE_UNSET_CAN_TRANSITION_BETWEEN_SWIM_AND_FLY:
            handleForceMoveFlagChange(packet, "UNSET_CAN_TRANSITION_SWIM_FLY",
                Opcode::CMSG_MOVE_SET_CAN_TRANSITION_BETWEEN_SWIM_AND_FLY_ACK, 0, false);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_MOVE_SET_COLLISION_HGT:
            handleMoveSetCollisionHeight(packet);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_MOVE_SET_FLIGHT:
            handleForceMoveFlagChange(packet, "SET_FLIGHT", Opcode::CMSG_MOVE_FLIGHT_ACK,
                static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::FLYING), true);
            break;
        case Opcode::SMSG_MOVE_UNSET_FLIGHT:
            handleForceMoveFlagChange(packet, "UNSET_FLIGHT", Opcode::CMSG_MOVE_FLIGHT_ACK,
                static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::FLYING), false);
            break;

        // ---- Battlefield Manager (WotLK outdoor battlefields: Wintergrasp, Tol Barad) ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_BATTLEFIELD_MGR_ENTRY_INVITE: {
            // uint64 battlefieldGuid + uint32 zoneId + uint64 expireUnixTime (seconds)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 20) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t bfGuid    = packet.readUInt64();
            uint32_t bfZoneId  = packet.readUInt32();
            uint64_t expireTime = packet.readUInt64();
            (void)bfGuid; (void)expireTime;
            // Store the invitation so the UI can show a prompt
            bfMgrInvitePending_ = true;
            bfMgrZoneId_        = bfZoneId;
            char buf[128];
            std::string bfZoneName = getAreaName(bfZoneId);
            if (!bfZoneName.empty())
                std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                    "You are invited to the outdoor battlefield in %s. Click to enter.",
                    bfZoneName.c_str());
            else
                std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                    "You are invited to the outdoor battlefield in zone %u. Click to enter.",
                    bfZoneId);
            addSystemChatMessage(buf);
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_BATTLEFIELD_MGR_ENTRY_INVITE: zoneId=", bfZoneId);
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_BATTLEFIELD_MGR_ENTERED: {
            // uint64 battlefieldGuid + uint8 isSafe (1=pvp zones enabled) + uint8 onQueue
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
                uint64_t bfGuid2 = packet.readUInt64();
                (void)bfGuid2;
                uint8_t isSafe  = (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) ? packet.readUInt8() : 0;
                uint8_t onQueue = (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) ? packet.readUInt8() : 0;
                bfMgrInvitePending_ = false;
                bfMgrActive_        = true;
                addSystemChatMessage(isSafe ? "You are in the battlefield zone (safe area)."
                                            : "You have entered the battlefield!");
                if (onQueue) addSystemChatMessage("You are in the battlefield queue.");
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_BATTLEFIELD_MGR_ENTERED: isSafe=", (int)isSafe, " onQueue=", (int)onQueue);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_BATTLEFIELD_MGR_QUEUE_INVITE: {
            // uint64 battlefieldGuid + uint32 battlefieldId + uint64 expireTime
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 20) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint64_t bfGuid3   = packet.readUInt64();
            uint32_t bfId      = packet.readUInt32();
            uint64_t expTime   = packet.readUInt64();
            (void)bfGuid3; (void)expTime;
            bfMgrInvitePending_ = true;
            bfMgrZoneId_        = bfId;
            char buf[128];
            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                "A spot has opened in the battlefield queue (battlefield %u).", bfId);
            addSystemChatMessage(buf);
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_BATTLEFIELD_MGR_QUEUE_INVITE: bfId=", bfId);
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_BATTLEFIELD_MGR_QUEUE_REQUEST_RESPONSE: {
            // uint32 battlefieldId + uint32 teamId + uint8 accepted + uint8 loggingEnabled + uint8 result
            // result: 0=queued, 1=not_in_group, 2=too_high_level, 3=too_low_level,
            //         4=in_cooldown, 5=queued_other_bf, 6=bf_full
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 11) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            uint32_t bfId2    = packet.readUInt32();
            /*uint32_t teamId =*/ packet.readUInt32();
            uint8_t accepted  = packet.readUInt8();
            /*uint8_t logging =*/ packet.readUInt8();
            uint8_t result    = packet.readUInt8();
            (void)bfId2;
            if (accepted) {
                addSystemChatMessage("You have joined the battlefield queue.");
            } else {
                static const char* kBfQueueErrors[] = {
                    "Queued for battlefield.", "Not in a group.", "Level too high.",
                    "Level too low.", "Battlefield in cooldown.", "Already queued for another battlefield.",
                    "Battlefield is full."
                };
                const char* msg = (result < 7) ? kBfQueueErrors[result]
                                               : "Battlefield queue request failed.";
                addSystemChatMessage(std::string("Battlefield: ") + msg);
            }
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_BATTLEFIELD_MGR_QUEUE_REQUEST_RESPONSE: accepted=", (int)accepted,
                     " result=", (int)result);
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_BATTLEFIELD_MGR_EJECT_PENDING: {
            // uint64 battlefieldGuid + uint8 remove
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 9) {
                uint64_t bfGuid4 = packet.readUInt64();
                uint8_t  remove  = packet.readUInt8();
                (void)bfGuid4;
                if (remove) {
                    addSystemChatMessage("You will be removed from the battlefield shortly.");
                }
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_BATTLEFIELD_MGR_EJECT_PENDING: remove=", (int)remove);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_BATTLEFIELD_MGR_EJECTED: {
            // uint64 battlefieldGuid + uint32 reason + uint32 battleStatus + uint8 relocated
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 17) {
                uint64_t bfGuid5    = packet.readUInt64();
                uint32_t reason     = packet.readUInt32();
                /*uint32_t status  =*/ packet.readUInt32();
                uint8_t relocated   = packet.readUInt8();
                (void)bfGuid5;
                static const char* kEjectReasons[] = {
                    "Removed from battlefield.", "Transported from battlefield.",
                    "Left battlefield voluntarily.", "Offline.",
                };
                const char* msg = (reason < 4) ? kEjectReasons[reason]
                                               : "You have been ejected from the battlefield.";
                addSystemChatMessage(msg);
                if (relocated) addSystemChatMessage("You have been relocated outside the battlefield.");
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_BATTLEFIELD_MGR_EJECTED: reason=", reason, " relocated=", (int)relocated);
            }
            bfMgrActive_        = false;
            bfMgrInvitePending_ = false;
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_BATTLEFIELD_MGR_STATE_CHANGE: {
            // uint32 oldState + uint32 newState
            // States: 0=Waiting, 1=Starting, 2=InProgress, 3=Ending, 4=Cooldown
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
                /*uint32_t oldState =*/ packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t newState   = packet.readUInt32();
                static const char* kBfStates[] = {
                    "waiting", "starting", "in progress", "ending", "in cooldown"
                };
                const char* stateStr = (newState < 5) ? kBfStates[newState] : "unknown state";
                char buf[128];
                std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Battlefield is now %s.", stateStr);
                addSystemChatMessage(buf);
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_BATTLEFIELD_MGR_STATE_CHANGE: newState=", newState);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }

        // ---- WotLK Calendar system (pending invites, event notifications, command results) ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_CALENDAR_SEND_NUM_PENDING: {
            // uint32 numPending — number of unacknowledged calendar invites
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t numPending = packet.readUInt32();
                calendarPendingInvites_ = numPending;
                if (numPending > 0) {
                    char buf[64];
                    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                        "You have %u pending calendar invite%s.",
                        numPending, numPending == 1 ? "" : "s");
                    addSystemChatMessage(buf);
                }
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_CALENDAR_SEND_NUM_PENDING: ", numPending, " pending invites");
            }
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_CALENDAR_COMMAND_RESULT: {
            // uint32 command + uint8 result + cstring info
            // result 0 = success; non-zero = error code
            // command values: 0=add,1=get,2=guild_filter,3=arena_team,4=update,5=remove,
            //                 6=copy,7=invite,8=rsvp,9=remove_invite,10=status,11=moderator_status
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 5) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            /*uint32_t command =*/ packet.readUInt32();
            uint8_t result    = packet.readUInt8();
            std::string info  = (packet.getReadPos() < packet.getSize()) ? packet.readString() : "";
            if (result != 0) {
                // Map common calendar error codes to friendly strings
                static const char* kCalendarErrors[] = {
                    "",
                    "Calendar: Internal error.",           // 1 = CALENDAR_ERROR_INTERNAL
                    "Calendar: Guild event limit reached.",// 2
                    "Calendar: Event limit reached.",      // 3
                    "Calendar: You cannot invite that player.", // 4
                    "Calendar: No invites remaining.",     // 5
                    "Calendar: Invalid date.",             // 6
                    "Calendar: Cannot invite yourself.",   // 7
                    "Calendar: Cannot modify this event.", // 8
                    "Calendar: Not invited.",              // 9
                    "Calendar: Already invited.",          // 10
                    "Calendar: Player not found.",         // 11
                    "Calendar: Not enough focus.",         // 12
                    "Calendar: Event locked.",             // 13
                    "Calendar: Event deleted.",            // 14
                    "Calendar: Not a moderator.",          // 15
                };
                const char* errMsg = (result < 16) ? kCalendarErrors[result]
                                                   : "Calendar: Command failed.";
                if (errMsg && errMsg[0] != '\0') addSystemChatMessage(errMsg);
                else if (!info.empty()) addSystemChatMessage("Calendar: " + info);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_CALENDAR_EVENT_INVITE_ALERT: {
            // Rich notification: eventId(8) + title(cstring) + eventTime(8) + flags(4) +
            //                   eventType(1) + dungeonId(4) + inviteId(8) + status(1) + rank(1) +
            //                   isGuildEvent(1) + inviterGuid(8)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 9) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            /*uint64_t eventId =*/ packet.readUInt64();
            std::string title = (packet.getReadPos() < packet.getSize()) ? packet.readString() : "";
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); // consume remaining fields
            if (!title.empty()) {
                addSystemChatMessage("Calendar invite: " + title);
            } else {
                addSystemChatMessage("You have a new calendar invite.");
            }
            if (calendarPendingInvites_ < 255) ++calendarPendingInvites_;
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_CALENDAR_EVENT_INVITE_ALERT: title='", title, "'");
            break;
        }
        // Remaining calendar informational packets — parse title where possible and consume
        case Opcode::SMSG_CALENDAR_EVENT_STATUS: {
            // Sent when an event invite's RSVP status changes for the local player
            // Format: inviteId(8) + eventId(8) + eventType(1) + flags(4) +
            //         inviteTime(8) + status(1) + rank(1) + isGuildEvent(1) + title(cstring)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 31) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); break;
            }
            /*uint64_t inviteId =*/ packet.readUInt64();
            /*uint64_t eventId  =*/ packet.readUInt64();
            /*uint8_t  evType   =*/ packet.readUInt8();
            /*uint32_t flags    =*/ packet.readUInt32();
            /*uint64_t invTime  =*/ packet.readUInt64();
            uint8_t status     = packet.readUInt8();
            /*uint8_t rank      =*/ packet.readUInt8();
            /*uint8_t isGuild   =*/ packet.readUInt8();
            std::string evTitle = (packet.getReadPos() < packet.getSize()) ? packet.readString() : "";
            // status: 0=Invited,1=Accepted,2=Declined,3=Confirmed,4=Out,5=Standby,6=SignedUp,7=Not Signed Up,8=Tentative
            static const char* kRsvpStatus[] = {
                "invited", "accepted", "declined", "confirmed",
                "out", "on standby", "signed up", "not signed up", "tentative"
            };
            const char* statusStr = (status < 9) ? kRsvpStatus[status] : "unknown";
            if (!evTitle.empty()) {
                char buf[256];
                std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Calendar event '%s': your RSVP is %s.",
                              evTitle.c_str(), statusStr);
                addSystemChatMessage(buf);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_CALENDAR_RAID_LOCKOUT_ADDED: {
            // uint64 inviteId + uint64 eventId + uint32 mapId + uint32 difficulty + uint64 resetTime
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 28) {
                /*uint64_t inviteId =*/ packet.readUInt64();
                /*uint64_t eventId  =*/ packet.readUInt64();
                uint32_t mapId     = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t difficulty = packet.readUInt32();
                /*uint64_t resetTime =*/ packet.readUInt64();
                std::string mapLabel = getMapName(mapId);
                if (mapLabel.empty()) mapLabel = "map #" + std::to_string(mapId);
                static const char* kDiff[] = {"Normal","Heroic","25-Man","25-Man Heroic"};
                const char* diffStr = (difficulty < 4) ? kDiff[difficulty] : nullptr;
                std::string msg = "Calendar: Raid lockout added for " + mapLabel;
                if (diffStr) msg += std::string(" (") + diffStr + ")";
                msg += '.';
                addSystemChatMessage(msg);
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_CALENDAR_RAID_LOCKOUT_ADDED: mapId=", mapId, " difficulty=", difficulty);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_CALENDAR_RAID_LOCKOUT_REMOVED: {
            // uint64 inviteId + uint64 eventId + uint32 mapId + uint32 difficulty
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 20) {
                /*uint64_t inviteId =*/ packet.readUInt64();
                /*uint64_t eventId  =*/ packet.readUInt64();
                uint32_t mapId     = packet.readUInt32();
                uint32_t difficulty = packet.readUInt32();
                std::string mapLabel = getMapName(mapId);
                if (mapLabel.empty()) mapLabel = "map #" + std::to_string(mapId);
                static const char* kDiff[] = {"Normal","Heroic","25-Man","25-Man Heroic"};
                const char* diffStr = (difficulty < 4) ? kDiff[difficulty] : nullptr;
                std::string msg = "Calendar: Raid lockout removed for " + mapLabel;
                if (diffStr) msg += std::string(" (") + diffStr + ")";
                msg += '.';
                addSystemChatMessage(msg);
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_CALENDAR_RAID_LOCKOUT_REMOVED: mapId=", mapId,
                          " difficulty=", difficulty);
            }
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        case Opcode::SMSG_CALENDAR_RAID_LOCKOUT_UPDATED: {
            // Same format as LOCKOUT_ADDED; consume
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;
        }
        // Remaining calendar opcodes: safe consume — data surfaced via SEND_CALENDAR/SEND_EVENT
        case Opcode::SMSG_CALENDAR_SEND_CALENDAR:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CALENDAR_SEND_EVENT:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CALENDAR_ARENA_TEAM:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CALENDAR_FILTER_GUILD:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CALENDAR_CLEAR_PENDING_ACTION:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CALENDAR_EVENT_INVITE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CALENDAR_EVENT_INVITE_NOTES:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CALENDAR_EVENT_INVITE_NOTES_ALERT:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CALENDAR_EVENT_INVITE_REMOVED:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CALENDAR_EVENT_INVITE_REMOVED_ALERT:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CALENDAR_EVENT_INVITE_STATUS_ALERT:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CALENDAR_EVENT_MODERATOR_STATUS_ALERT:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CALENDAR_EVENT_REMOVED_ALERT:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CALENDAR_EVENT_UPDATED_ALERT:
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        case Opcode::SMSG_SERVERTIME: {
            // uint32 unixTime — server's current unix timestamp; use to sync gameTime_
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
                uint32_t srvTime = packet.readUInt32();
                if (srvTime > 0) {
                    gameTime_ = static_cast<float>(srvTime);
                    LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_SERVERTIME: serverTime=", srvTime);
                }
            }
            break;
        }

        case Opcode::SMSG_KICK_REASON: {
            // uint64 kickerGuid + uint32 kickReasonType + null-terminated reason string
            // kickReasonType: 0=other, 1=afk, 2=vote kick
            if (!packetHasRemaining(packet, 12)) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
                break;
            }
            uint64_t kickerGuid   = packet.readUInt64();
            uint32_t reasonType   = packet.readUInt32();
            std::string reason;
            if (packet.getReadPos() < packet.getSize())
                reason = packet.readString();
            (void)kickerGuid;
            (void)reasonType;
            std::string msg = "You have been removed from the group.";
            if (!reason.empty())
                msg = "You have been removed from the group: " + reason;
            else if (reasonType == 1)
                msg = "You have been removed from the group for being AFK.";
            else if (reasonType == 2)
                msg = "You have been removed from the group by vote.";
            addSystemChatMessage(msg);
            addUIError(msg);
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_KICK_REASON: reasonType=", reasonType,
                     " reason='", reason, "'");
            break;
        }

        case Opcode::SMSG_GROUPACTION_THROTTLED: {
            // uint32 throttleMs — rate-limited group action; notify the player
            if (packetHasRemaining(packet, 4)) {
                uint32_t throttleMs = packet.readUInt32();
                char buf[128];
                if (throttleMs > 0) {
                    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                                  "Group action throttled. Please wait %.1f seconds.",
                                  throttleMs / 1000.0f);
                } else {
                    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Group action throttled.");
                }
                addSystemChatMessage(buf);
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_GROUPACTION_THROTTLED: throttleMs=", throttleMs);
            }
            break;
        }

        case Opcode::SMSG_GMRESPONSE_RECEIVED: {
            // WotLK 3.3.5a: uint32 ticketId + string subject + string body + uint32 count
            //   per count: string responseText
            if (!packetHasRemaining(packet, 4)) {
                packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
                break;
            }
            uint32_t ticketId = packet.readUInt32();
            std::string subject;
            std::string body;
            if (packet.getReadPos() < packet.getSize()) subject = packet.readString();
            if (packet.getReadPos() < packet.getSize()) body    = packet.readString();
            uint32_t responseCount = 0;
            if (packetHasRemaining(packet, 4))
                responseCount = packet.readUInt32();
            std::string responseText;
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < responseCount && i < 10; ++i) {
                if (packet.getReadPos() < packet.getSize()) {
                    std::string t = packet.readString();
                    if (i == 0) responseText = t;
                }
            }
            (void)ticketId;
            std::string msg;
            if (!responseText.empty())
                msg = "[GM Response] " + responseText;
            else if (!body.empty())
                msg = "[GM Response] " + body;
            else if (!subject.empty())
                msg = "[GM Response] " + subject;
            else
                msg = "[GM Response] Your ticket has been answered.";
            addSystemChatMessage(msg);
            addUIError(msg);
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_GMRESPONSE_RECEIVED: ticketId=", ticketId,
                     " subject='", subject, "'");
            break;
        }

        case Opcode::SMSG_GMRESPONSE_STATUS_UPDATE: {
            // uint32 ticketId + uint8 status (1=open, 2=surveyed, 3=need_more_help)
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 5) {
                uint32_t ticketId = packet.readUInt32();
                uint8_t  status   = packet.readUInt8();
                const char* statusStr = (status == 1) ? "open"
                                      : (status == 2) ? "answered"
                                      : (status == 3) ? "needs more info"
                                      : "updated";
                char buf[128];
                std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                              "[GM Ticket #%u] Status: %s.", ticketId, statusStr);
                addSystemChatMessage(buf);
                LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_GMRESPONSE_STATUS_UPDATE: ticketId=", ticketId,
                          " status=", static_cast<int>(status));
            }
            break;
        }

        // ---- Voice chat (WotLK built-in voice) — consume silently ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_VOICE_SESSION_ROSTER_UPDATE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_VOICE_SESSION_LEAVE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_VOICE_SESSION_ADJUST_PRIORITY:
        case Opcode::SMSG_VOICE_SET_TALKER_MUTED:
        case Opcode::SMSG_VOICE_SESSION_ENABLE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_VOICE_PARENTAL_CONTROLS:
        case Opcode::SMSG_AVAILABLE_VOICE_CHANNEL:
        case Opcode::SMSG_VOICE_CHAT_STATUS:
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        // ---- Dance / custom emote system (WotLK) — consume silently ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_NOTIFY_DANCE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_PLAY_DANCE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_STOP_DANCE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_DANCE_QUERY_RESPONSE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_INVALIDATE_DANCE:
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        // ---- Commentator / spectator mode — consume silently ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_COMMENTATOR_STATE_CHANGED:
        case Opcode::SMSG_COMMENTATOR_MAP_INFO:
        case Opcode::SMSG_COMMENTATOR_GET_PLAYER_INFO:
        case Opcode::SMSG_COMMENTATOR_PLAYER_INFO:
        case Opcode::SMSG_COMMENTATOR_SKIRMISH_QUEUE_RESULT1:
        case Opcode::SMSG_COMMENTATOR_SKIRMISH_QUEUE_RESULT2:
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        // ---- Debug / cheat / GM-only opcodes — consume silently ----
        case Opcode::SMSG_DBLOOKUP:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CHECK_FOR_BOTS:
        case Opcode::SMSG_GODMODE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_PETGODMODE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_DEBUG_AISTATE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_DEBUGAURAPROC:
        case Opcode::SMSG_TEST_DROP_RATE_RESULT:
        case Opcode::SMSG_COOLDOWN_CHEAT:
        case Opcode::SMSG_GM_PLAYER_INFO:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CHEAT_DUMP_ITEMS_DEBUG_ONLY_RESPONSE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CHEAT_DUMP_ITEMS_DEBUG_ONLY_RESPONSE_WRITE_FILE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_CHEAT_PLAYER_LOOKUP:
        case Opcode::SMSG_IGNORE_REQUIREMENTS_CHEAT:
        case Opcode::SMSG_IGNORE_DIMINISHING_RETURNS_CHEAT:
        case Opcode::SMSG_DEBUG_LIST_TARGETS:
        case Opcode::SMSG_DEBUG_SERVER_GEO:
        case Opcode::SMSG_DUMP_OBJECTS_DATA:
        case Opcode::SMSG_AFK_MONITOR_INFO_RESPONSE:
        case Opcode::SMSG_FORCEACTIONSHOW:
        case Opcode::SMSG_MOVE_CHARACTER_CHEAT:
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            break;

        default:
            // In pre-world states we need full visibility (char create/login handshakes).
            // In-world we keep de-duplication to avoid heavy log I/O in busy areas.
            if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
                static std::unordered_set<uint32_t> loggedUnhandledByState;
                const uint32_t key = (static_cast<uint32_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(state)) << 16) |
                                     static_cast<uint32_t>(opcode);
                if (loggedUnhandledByState.insert(key).second) {
                    LOG_WARNING("Unhandled world opcode: 0x", std::hex, opcode, std::dec,
                                " state=", static_cast<int>(state),
                                " size=", packet.getSize());
                    const auto& data = packet.getData();
                    std::string hex;
                    size_t limit = std::min<size_t>(data.size(), 48);
                    hex.reserve(limit * 3);
                    for (size_t i = 0; i < limit; ++i) {
                        char b[4];
                        snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "%02x ", data[i]);
                        hex += b;
                    }
                    LOG_INFO("Unhandled opcode payload hex (first ", limit, " bytes): ", hex);
                }
            } else {
                static std::unordered_set<uint16_t> loggedUnhandledOpcodes;
                if (loggedUnhandledOpcodes.insert(static_cast<uint16_t>(opcode)).second) {
                    LOG_WARNING("Unhandled world opcode: 0x", std::hex, opcode, std::dec);
                }
            }
            break;
    }
    } catch (const std::bad_alloc& e) {
        LOG_ERROR("OOM while handling world opcode=0x", std::hex, opcode, std::dec,
                  " state=", worldStateName(state),
                  " size=", packet.getSize(),
                  " readPos=", packet.getReadPos(),
                  " what=", e.what());
        if (socket && state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
            disconnect();
            fail("Out of memory while parsing world packet");
        }
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        LOG_ERROR("Exception while handling world opcode=0x", std::hex, opcode, std::dec,
                  " state=", worldStateName(state),
                  " size=", packet.getSize(),
                  " readPos=", packet.getReadPos(),
                  " what=", e.what());
    }
}

void GameHandler::enqueueIncomingPacket(const network::Packet& packet) {
    if (pendingIncomingPackets_.size() >= kMaxQueuedInboundPackets) {
        LOG_ERROR("Inbound packet queue overflow (", pendingIncomingPackets_.size(),
                  " packets); dropping oldest packet to preserve responsiveness");
        pendingIncomingPackets_.pop_front();
    }
    pendingIncomingPackets_.push_back(packet);
    lastRxTime_ = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    rxSilenceLogged_ = false;
}

void GameHandler::enqueueIncomingPacketFront(network::Packet&& packet) {
    if (pendingIncomingPackets_.size() >= kMaxQueuedInboundPackets) {
        LOG_ERROR("Inbound packet queue overflow while prepending (", pendingIncomingPackets_.size(),
                  " packets); dropping newest queued packet to preserve ordering");
        pendingIncomingPackets_.pop_back();
    }
    pendingIncomingPackets_.emplace_front(std::move(packet));
}

void GameHandler::enqueueUpdateObjectWork(UpdateObjectData&& data) {
    pendingUpdateObjectWork_.push_back(PendingUpdateObjectWork{std::move(data)});
}

void GameHandler::processPendingUpdateObjectWork(const std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point& start,
                                                 float budgetMs) {
    if (pendingUpdateObjectWork_.empty()) {
        return;
    }

    const int maxBlocksThisUpdate = updateObjectBlocksBudgetPerUpdate(state);
    int processedBlocks = 0;

    while (!pendingUpdateObjectWork_.empty() && processedBlocks < maxBlocksThisUpdate) {
        float elapsedMs = std::chrono::duration<float, std::milli>(
            std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start).count();
        if (elapsedMs >= budgetMs) {
            break;
        }

        auto& work = pendingUpdateObjectWork_.front();
        if (!work.outOfRangeProcessed) {
            auto outOfRangeStart = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
            processOutOfRangeObjects(work.data.outOfRangeGuids);
            float outOfRangeMs = std::chrono::duration<float, std::milli>(
                std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - outOfRangeStart).count();
            if (outOfRangeMs > slowUpdateObjectBlockLogThresholdMs()) {
                LOG_WARNING("SLOW update-object out-of-range handling: ", outOfRangeMs,
                            "ms guidCount=", work.data.outOfRangeGuids.size());
            }
            work.outOfRangeProcessed = true;
        }

        while (work.nextBlockIndex < work.data.blocks.size() && processedBlocks < maxBlocksThisUpdate) {
            elapsedMs = std::chrono::duration<float, std::milli>(
                std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start).count();
            if (elapsedMs >= budgetMs) {
                break;
            }

            const UpdateBlock& block = work.data.blocks[work.nextBlockIndex];
            auto blockStart = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
            applyUpdateObjectBlock(block, work.newItemCreated);
            float blockMs = std::chrono::duration<float, std::milli>(
                std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - blockStart).count();
            if (blockMs > slowUpdateObjectBlockLogThresholdMs()) {
                LOG_WARNING("SLOW update-object block apply: ", blockMs,
                            "ms index=", work.nextBlockIndex,
                            " type=", static_cast<int>(block.updateType),
                            " guid=0x", std::hex, block.guid, std::dec,
                            " objectType=", static_cast<int>(block.objectType),
                            " fieldCount=", block.fields.size(),
                            " hasMovement=", block.hasMovement ? 1 : 0);
            }
            ++work.nextBlockIndex;
            ++processedBlocks;
        }

        if (work.nextBlockIndex >= work.data.blocks.size()) {
            finalizeUpdateObjectBatch(work.newItemCreated);
            pendingUpdateObjectWork_.pop_front();
            continue;
        }
        break;
    }

    if (!pendingUpdateObjectWork_.empty()) {
        const auto& work = pendingUpdateObjectWork_.front();
        LOG_DEBUG("GameHandler update-object budget reached (remainingBatches=",
                  pendingUpdateObjectWork_.size(), ", nextBlockIndex=", work.nextBlockIndex,
                  "/", work.data.blocks.size(), ", state=", worldStateName(state), ")");
    }
}

void GameHandler::processQueuedIncomingPackets() {
    if (pendingIncomingPackets_.empty() && pendingUpdateObjectWork_.empty()) {
        return;
    }

    const int maxPacketsThisUpdate = incomingPacketsBudgetPerUpdate(state);
    const float budgetMs = incomingPacketBudgetMs(state);
    const auto start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    int processed = 0;

    while (processed < maxPacketsThisUpdate) {
        float elapsedMs = std::chrono::duration<float, std::milli>(
            std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start).count();
        if (elapsedMs >= budgetMs) {
            break;
        }

        if (!pendingUpdateObjectWork_.empty()) {
            processPendingUpdateObjectWork(start, budgetMs);
            if (!pendingUpdateObjectWork_.empty()) {
                break;
            }
            continue;
        }

        if (pendingIncomingPackets_.empty()) {
            break;
        }

        network::Packet packet = std::move(pendingIncomingPackets_.front());
        pendingIncomingPackets_.pop_front();
        const uint16_t wireOp = packet.getOpcode();
        const auto logicalOp = opcodeTable_.fromWire(wireOp);
        auto packetHandleStart = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
        handlePacket(packet);
        float packetMs = std::chrono::duration<float, std::milli>(
            std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - packetHandleStart).count();
        if (packetMs > slowPacketLogThresholdMs()) {
            const char* logicalName = logicalOp
                ? OpcodeTable::logicalToName(*logicalOp)
                : "UNKNOWN";
            LOG_WARNING("SLOW packet handler: ", packetMs,
                        "ms wire=0x", std::hex, wireOp, std::dec,
                        " logical=", logicalName,
                        " size=", packet.getSize(),
                        " state=", worldStateName(state));
        }
        ++processed;
    }

    if (!pendingUpdateObjectWork_.empty()) {
        return;
    }

    if (!pendingIncomingPackets_.empty()) {
        LOG_DEBUG("GameHandler packet budget reached (processed=", processed,
                  ", remaining=", pendingIncomingPackets_.size(),
                  ", state=", worldStateName(state), ")");
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleAuthChallenge(network::Packet& packet) {
    LOG_INFO("Handling SMSG_AUTH_CHALLENGE");

    AuthChallengeData challenge;
    if (!AuthChallengeParser::parse(packet, challenge)) {
        fail("Failed to parse SMSG_AUTH_CHALLENGE");
        return;
    }

    if (!challenge.isValid()) {
        fail("Invalid auth challenge data");
        return;
    }

    // Store server seed
    serverSeed = challenge.serverSeed;
    LOG_DEBUG("Server seed: 0x", std::hex, serverSeed, std::dec);

    setState(WorldState::CHALLENGE_RECEIVED);

    // Send authentication session
    sendAuthSession();
}

void GameHandler::sendAuthSession() {
    LOG_INFO("Sending CMSG_AUTH_SESSION");

    // Build authentication packet
    auto packet = AuthSessionPacket::build(
        build,
        accountName,
        clientSeed,
        sessionKey,
        serverSeed,
        realmId_
    );

    LOG_DEBUG("CMSG_AUTH_SESSION packet size: ", packet.getSize(), " bytes");

    // Send packet (unencrypted - this is the last unencrypted packet)
    socket->send(packet);

    // Enable encryption IMMEDIATELY after sending AUTH_SESSION
    // AzerothCore enables encryption before sending AUTH_RESPONSE,
    // so we need to be ready to decrypt the response
    LOG_INFO("Enabling encryption immediately after AUTH_SESSION");
    socket->initEncryption(sessionKey, build);

    setState(WorldState::AUTH_SENT);
    LOG_INFO("CMSG_AUTH_SESSION sent, encryption enabled, waiting for AUTH_RESPONSE...");
}

void GameHandler::handleAuthResponse(network::Packet& packet) {
    LOG_INFO("Handling SMSG_AUTH_RESPONSE");

    AuthResponseData response;
    if (!AuthResponseParser::parse(packet, response)) {
        fail("Failed to parse SMSG_AUTH_RESPONSE");
        return;
    }

    if (!response.isSuccess()) {
        std::string reason = std::string("Authentication failed: ") +
                           getAuthResultString(response.result);
        fail(reason);
        return;
    }

    // Encryption was already enabled after sending AUTH_SESSION
    LOG_INFO("AUTH_RESPONSE OK - world authentication successful");

    setState(WorldState::AUTHENTICATED);

    LOG_INFO("========================================");
    LOG_INFO("   WORLD AUTHENTICATION SUCCESSFUL!");
    LOG_INFO("========================================");
    LOG_INFO("Connected to world server");
    LOG_INFO("Ready for character operations");

    setState(WorldState::READY);

    // Request character list automatically
    requestCharacterList();

    // Call success callback
    if (onSuccess) {
        onSuccess();
    }
}

void GameHandler::requestCharacterList() {
    if (requiresWarden_) {
        // Gate already surfaced via failure callback/chat; avoid per-frame warning spam.
        wardenCharEnumBlockedLogged_ = true;
        return;
    }

    if (state == WorldState::FAILED || !socket || !socket->isConnected()) {
        return;
    }

    if (state != WorldState::READY && state != WorldState::AUTHENTICATED &&
        state != WorldState::CHAR_LIST_RECEIVED) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot request character list in state: ", worldStateName(state));
        return;
    }

    LOG_INFO("Requesting character list from server...");

    // Prevent the UI from showing/selecting stale characters while we wait for the new SMSG_CHAR_ENUM.
    // This matters after character create/delete where the old list can linger for a few frames.
    characters.clear();

    // Build CMSG_CHAR_ENUM packet (no body, just opcode)
    auto packet = CharEnumPacket::build();

    // Send packet
    socket->send(packet);

    setState(WorldState::CHAR_LIST_REQUESTED);
    LOG_INFO("CMSG_CHAR_ENUM sent, waiting for character list...");
}

void GameHandler::handleCharEnum(network::Packet& packet) {
    LOG_INFO("Handling SMSG_CHAR_ENUM");

    CharEnumResponse response;
    // IMPORTANT: Do not infer packet formats from numeric build alone.
    // Turtle WoW uses a "high" build but classic-era world packet formats.
    bool parsed = packetParsers_ ? packetParsers_->parseCharEnum(packet, response)
                                 : CharEnumParser::parse(packet, response);
    if (!parsed) {
        fail("Failed to parse SMSG_CHAR_ENUM");
        return;
    }

    // Store characters
    characters = response.characters;

    setState(WorldState::CHAR_LIST_RECEIVED);

    LOG_INFO("========================================");
    LOG_INFO("   CHARACTER LIST RECEIVED");
    LOG_INFO("========================================");
    LOG_INFO("Found ", characters.size(), " character(s)");

    if (characters.empty()) {
        LOG_INFO("No characters on this account");
    } else {
        LOG_INFO("Characters:");
        for (size_t i = 0; i < characters.size(); ++i) {
            const auto& character = characters[i];
            LOG_INFO("  [", i + 1, "] ", character.name);
            LOG_INFO("      GUID: 0x", std::hex, character.guid, std::dec);
            LOG_INFO("      ", getRaceName(character.race), " ",
                     getClassName(character.characterClass));
            LOG_INFO("      Level ", (int)character.level);
        }
    }

    LOG_INFO("Ready to select character");
}

void GameHandler::createCharacter(const CharCreateData& data) {

    // Online mode: send packet to server
    if (!socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot create character: not connected");
        if (charCreateCallback_) {
            charCreateCallback_(false, "Not connected to server");
        }
        return;
    }

    if (requiresWarden_) {
        std::string msg = "Server requires anti-cheat/Warden; character creation blocked.";
        LOG_WARNING("Blocking CMSG_CHAR_CREATE while Warden gate is active");
        if (charCreateCallback_) {
            charCreateCallback_(false, msg);
        }
        return;
    }

    if (state != WorldState::CHAR_LIST_RECEIVED) {
        std::string msg = "Character list not ready yet. Wait for SMSG_CHAR_ENUM.";
        LOG_WARNING("Blocking CMSG_CHAR_CREATE in state=", worldStateName(state),
                    " (awaiting CHAR_LIST_RECEIVED)");
        if (charCreateCallback_) {
            charCreateCallback_(false, msg);
        }
        return;
    }

    auto packet = CharCreatePacket::build(data);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("CMSG_CHAR_CREATE sent for: ", data.name);
}

void GameHandler::handleCharCreateResponse(network::Packet& packet) {
    CharCreateResponseData data;
    if (!CharCreateResponseParser::parse(packet, data)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Failed to parse SMSG_CHAR_CREATE");
        return;
    }

    if (data.result == CharCreateResult::SUCCESS || data.result == CharCreateResult::IN_PROGRESS) {
        LOG_INFO("Character created successfully (code=", static_cast<int>(data.result), ")");
        requestCharacterList();
        if (charCreateCallback_) {
            charCreateCallback_(true, "Character created!");
        }
    } else {
        std::string msg;
        switch (data.result) {
            case CharCreateResult::CHAR_ERROR: msg = "Server error"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::FAILED: msg = "Creation failed"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::NAME_IN_USE: msg = "Name already in use"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::DISABLED: msg = "Character creation disabled"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::PVP_TEAMS_VIOLATION: msg = "PvP faction violation"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::SERVER_LIMIT: msg = "Server character limit reached"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::ACCOUNT_LIMIT: msg = "Account character limit reached"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::SERVER_QUEUE: msg = "Server is queued"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::ONLY_EXISTING: msg = "Only existing characters allowed"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::EXPANSION: msg = "Expansion required"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::EXPANSION_CLASS: msg = "Expansion required for this class"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::LEVEL_REQUIREMENT: msg = "Level requirement not met"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::UNIQUE_CLASS_LIMIT: msg = "Unique class limit reached"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::RESTRICTED_RACECLASS: msg = "Race/class combination not allowed"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::IN_PROGRESS: msg = "Character creation in progress..."; break;
            case CharCreateResult::CHARACTER_CHOOSE_RACE: msg = "Please choose a different race"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::CHARACTER_ARENA_LEADER: msg = "Arena team leader restriction"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::CHARACTER_DELETE_MAIL: msg = "Character has mail"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::CHARACTER_SWAP_FACTION: msg = "Faction swap restriction"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::CHARACTER_RACE_ONLY: msg = "Race-only restriction"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::CHARACTER_GOLD_LIMIT: msg = "Gold limit reached"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::FORCE_LOGIN: msg = "Force login required"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::CHARACTER_IN_GUILD: msg = "Character is in a guild"; break;
            // Name validation errors
            case CharCreateResult::NAME_FAILURE: msg = "Invalid name"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::NAME_NO_NAME: msg = "Please enter a name"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::NAME_TOO_SHORT: msg = "Name is too short"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::NAME_TOO_LONG: msg = "Name is too long"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::NAME_INVALID_CHARACTER: msg = "Name contains invalid characters"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::NAME_MIXED_LANGUAGES: msg = "Name mixes languages"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::NAME_PROFANE: msg = "Name contains profanity"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::NAME_RESERVED: msg = "Name is reserved"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::NAME_INVALID_APOSTROPHE: msg = "Invalid apostrophe in name"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::NAME_MULTIPLE_APOSTROPHES: msg = "Name has multiple apostrophes"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::NAME_THREE_CONSECUTIVE: msg = "Name has 3+ consecutive same letters"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::NAME_INVALID_SPACE: msg = "Invalid space in name"; break;
            case CharCreateResult::NAME_CONSECUTIVE_SPACES: msg = "Name has consecutive spaces"; break;
            default: msg = "Unknown error (code " + std::to_string(static_cast<int>(data.result)) + ")"; break;
        }
        LOG_WARNING("Character creation failed: ", msg, " (code=", static_cast<int>(data.result), ")");
        if (charCreateCallback_) {
            charCreateCallback_(false, msg);
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::deleteCharacter(uint64_t characterGuid) {
    if (!socket) {
        if (charDeleteCallback_) charDeleteCallback_(false);
        return;
    }

    network::Packet packet(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_CHAR_DELETE));
    packet.writeUInt64(characterGuid);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("CMSG_CHAR_DELETE sent for GUID: 0x", std::hex, characterGuid, std::dec);
}

const Character* GameHandler::getActiveCharacter() const {
    if (activeCharacterGuid_ == 0) return nullptr;
    for (const auto& ch : characters) {
        if (ch.guid == activeCharacterGuid_) return &ch;
    }
    return nullptr;
}

const Character* GameHandler::getFirstCharacter() const {
    if (characters.empty()) return nullptr;
    return &characters.front();
}














void GameHandler::handleCharLoginFailed(network::Packet& packet) {
    uint8_t reason = packet.readUInt8();

    static const char* reasonNames[] = {
        "Login failed",          // 0
        "World server is down",  // 1
        "Duplicate character",   // 2 (session still active)
        "No instance servers",   // 3
        "Login disabled",        // 4
        "Character not found",   // 5
        "Locked for transfer",   // 6
        "Locked by billing",     // 7
        "Using remote",          // 8
    };
    const char* msg = (reason < 9) ? reasonNames[reason] : "Unknown reason";

    LOG_ERROR("SMSG_CHARACTER_LOGIN_FAILED: reason=", (int)reason, " (", msg, ")");

    // Allow the player to re-select a character
    setState(WorldState::CHAR_LIST_RECEIVED);

    if (charLoginFailCallback_) {
        charLoginFailCallback_(msg);
    }
}

void GameHandler::selectCharacter(uint64_t characterGuid) {
    if (state != WorldState::CHAR_LIST_RECEIVED) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot select character in state: ", (int)state);
        return;
    }

    // Make the selected character authoritative in GameHandler.
    // This avoids relying on UI/Application ordering for appearance-dependent logic.
    activeCharacterGuid_ = characterGuid;

    LOG_INFO("========================================");
    LOG_INFO("   ENTERING WORLD");
    LOG_INFO("========================================");
    LOG_INFO("Character GUID: 0x", std::hex, characterGuid, std::dec);

    // Find character name for logging
    for (const auto& character : characters) {
        if (character.guid == characterGuid) {
            LOG_INFO("Character: ", character.name);
            LOG_INFO("Level ", (int)character.level, " ",
                     getRaceName(character.race), " ",
                     getClassName(character.characterClass));
            playerRace_ = character.race;
            break;
        }
    }

    // Store player GUID
    playerGuid = characterGuid;

    // Reset per-character state so previous character data doesn't bleed through
    inventory = Inventory();
    onlineItems_.clear();
    itemInfoCache_.clear();
    pendingItemQueries_.clear();
    equipSlotGuids_ = {};
    backpackSlotGuids_ = {};
    keyringSlotGuids_ = {};
    invSlotBase_ = -1;
    packSlotBase_ = -1;
    lastPlayerFields_.clear();
    onlineEquipDirty_ = false;
    playerMoneyCopper_ = 0;
    playerArmorRating_ = 0;
    std::fill(std::begin(playerResistances_), std::end(playerResistances_), 0);
    std::fill(std::begin(playerStats_), std::end(playerStats_), -1);
    playerMeleeAP_ = -1;
    playerRangedAP_ = -1;
    std::fill(std::begin(playerSpellDmgBonus_), std::end(playerSpellDmgBonus_), -1);
    playerHealBonus_ = -1;
    playerDodgePct_ = -1.0f;
    playerParryPct_ = -1.0f;
    playerBlockPct_ = -1.0f;
    playerCritPct_  = -1.0f;
    playerRangedCritPct_ = -1.0f;
    std::fill(std::begin(playerSpellCritPct_), std::end(playerSpellCritPct_), -1.0f);
    std::fill(std::begin(playerCombatRatings_), std::end(playerCombatRatings_), -1);
    knownSpells.clear();
    spellCooldowns.clear();
    spellFlatMods_.clear();
    spellPctMods_.clear();
    actionBar = {};
    playerAuras.clear();
    targetAuras.clear();
    unitAurasCache_.clear();
    unitCastStates_.clear();
    petGuid_ = 0;
    stableWindowOpen_  = false;
    stableMasterGuid_  = 0;
    stableNumSlots_    = 0;
    stabledPets_.clear();
    playerXp_ = 0;
    playerNextLevelXp_ = 0;
    serverPlayerLevel_ = 1;
    std::fill(playerExploredZones_.begin(), playerExploredZones_.end(), 0u);
    hasPlayerExploredZones_ = false;
    playerSkills_.clear();
    questLog_.clear();
    pendingQuestQueryIds_.clear();
    pendingLoginQuestResync_ = false;
    pendingLoginQuestResyncTimeout_ = 0.0f;
    pendingQuestAcceptTimeouts_.clear();
    pendingQuestAcceptNpcGuids_.clear();
    npcQuestStatus_.clear();
    hostileAttackers_.clear();
    combatText.clear();
    autoAttacking = false;
    autoAttackTarget = 0;
    casting = false;
    castIsChannel = false;
    currentCastSpellId = 0;
    pendingGameObjectInteractGuid_ = 0;
    lastInteractedGoGuid_ = 0;
    castTimeRemaining = 0.0f;
    castTimeTotal = 0.0f;
    playerDead_ = false;
    releasedSpirit_ = false;
    corpseGuid_ = 0;
    targetGuid = 0;
    focusGuid = 0;
    lastTargetGuid = 0;
    tabCycleStale = true;
    entityManager = EntityManager();

    // Build CMSG_PLAYER_LOGIN packet
    auto packet = PlayerLoginPacket::build(characterGuid);

    // Send packet
    socket->send(packet);

    setState(WorldState::ENTERING_WORLD);
    LOG_INFO("CMSG_PLAYER_LOGIN sent, entering world...");
}

void GameHandler::handleLoginSetTimeSpeed(network::Packet& packet) {
    // SMSG_LOGIN_SETTIMESPEED (0x042)
    // Structure: uint32 gameTime, float timeScale
    // gameTime: Game time in seconds since epoch
    // timeScale: Time speed multiplier (typically 0.0166 for 1 day = 1 hour)

    if (packet.getSize() < 8) {
        LOG_WARNING("SMSG_LOGIN_SETTIMESPEED: packet too small (", packet.getSize(), " bytes)");
        return;
    }

    uint32_t gameTimePacked = packet.readUInt32();
    float timeScale = packet.readFloat();

    // Store for celestial/sky system use
    gameTime_ = static_cast<float>(gameTimePacked);
    timeSpeed_ = timeScale;

    LOG_INFO("Server time: gameTime=", gameTime_, "s, timeSpeed=", timeSpeed_);
    LOG_INFO("  (1 game day = ", (1.0f / timeSpeed_) / 60.0f, " real minutes)");
}

void GameHandler::handleLoginVerifyWorld(network::Packet& packet) {
    LOG_INFO("Handling SMSG_LOGIN_VERIFY_WORLD");
    const bool initialWorldEntry = (state == WorldState::ENTERING_WORLD);

    LoginVerifyWorldData data;
    if (!LoginVerifyWorldParser::parse(packet, data)) {
        fail("Failed to parse SMSG_LOGIN_VERIFY_WORLD");
        return;
    }

    if (!data.isValid()) {
        fail("Invalid world entry data");
        return;
    }

    glm::vec3 canonical = core::coords::serverToCanonical(glm::vec3(data.x, data.y, data.z));
    const bool alreadyInWorld = (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD);
    const bool sameMap = alreadyInWorld && (currentMapId_ == data.mapId);
    const float dxCurrent = movementInfo.x - canonical.x;
    const float dyCurrent = movementInfo.y - canonical.y;
    const float dzCurrent = movementInfo.z - canonical.z;
    const float distSqCurrent = dxCurrent * dxCurrent + dyCurrent * dyCurrent + dzCurrent * dzCurrent;

    // Some realms emit a late duplicate LOGIN_VERIFY_WORLD after the client is already
    // in-world. Re-running full world-entry handling here can trigger an expensive
    // same-map reload/reset path and starve networking for tens of seconds.
    if (!initialWorldEntry && sameMap && distSqCurrent <= (5.0f * 5.0f)) {
        LOG_INFO("Ignoring duplicate SMSG_LOGIN_VERIFY_WORLD while already in world: mapId=",
                 data.mapId, " dist=", std::sqrt(distSqCurrent));
        return;
    }

    // Successfully entered the world (or teleported)
    currentMapId_ = data.mapId;
    setState(WorldState::IN_WORLD);
    if (socket) {
        socket->tracePacketsFor(std::chrono::seconds(12), "login_verify_world");
    }

    LOG_INFO("========================================");
    LOG_INFO("   SUCCESSFULLY ENTERED WORLD!");
    LOG_INFO("========================================");
    LOG_INFO("Map ID: ", data.mapId);
    LOG_INFO("Position: (", data.x, ", ", data.y, ", ", data.z, ")");
    LOG_INFO("Orientation: ", data.orientation, " radians");
    LOG_INFO("Player is now in the game world");

    // Initialize movement info with world entry position (server → canonical)
    LOG_DEBUG("LOGIN_VERIFY_WORLD: server=(", data.x, ", ", data.y, ", ", data.z,
             ") canonical=(", canonical.x, ", ", canonical.y, ", ", canonical.z, ") mapId=", data.mapId);
    movementInfo.x = canonical.x;
    movementInfo.y = canonical.y;
    movementInfo.z = canonical.z;
    movementInfo.orientation = core::coords::serverToCanonicalYaw(data.orientation);
    movementInfo.flags = 0;
    movementInfo.flags2 = 0;
    movementClockStart_ = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    lastMovementTimestampMs_ = 0;
    movementInfo.time = nextMovementTimestampMs();
    isFalling_ = false;
    fallStartMs_ = 0;
    movementInfo.fallTime = 0;
    movementInfo.jumpVelocity = 0.0f;
    movementInfo.jumpSinAngle = 0.0f;
    movementInfo.jumpCosAngle = 0.0f;
    movementInfo.jumpXYSpeed = 0.0f;
    resurrectPending_ = false;
    resurrectRequestPending_ = false;
    onTaxiFlight_ = false;
    taxiMountActive_ = false;
    taxiActivatePending_ = false;
    taxiClientActive_ = false;
    taxiClientPath_.clear();
    taxiRecoverPending_ = false;
    taxiStartGrace_ = 0.0f;
    currentMountDisplayId_ = 0;
    taxiMountDisplayId_ = 0;
    vehicleId_ = 0;
    if (mountCallback_) {
        mountCallback_(0);
    }

    // Clear boss encounter unit slots and raid marks on world transfer
    encounterUnitGuids_.fill(0);
    raidTargetGuids_.fill(0);

    // Suppress area triggers on initial login — prevents exit portals from
    // immediately firing when spawning inside a dungeon/instance.
    activeAreaTriggers_.clear();
    areaTriggerCheckTimer_ = -5.0f;
    areaTriggerSuppressFirst_ = true;

    // Notify application to load terrain for this map/position (online mode)
    if (worldEntryCallback_) {
        worldEntryCallback_(data.mapId, data.x, data.y, data.z, initialWorldEntry);
    }

    // Send CMSG_SET_ACTIVE_MOVER on initial world entry and world transfers.
    if (playerGuid != 0 && socket) {
        auto activeMoverPacket = SetActiveMoverPacket::build(playerGuid);
        socket->send(activeMoverPacket);
        LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_SET_ACTIVE_MOVER for player 0x", std::hex, playerGuid, std::dec);
    }

    // Kick the first keepalive immediately on world entry. Classic-like realms
    // can close the session before our default 30s ping cadence fires.
    timeSinceLastPing = 0.0f;
    if (socket) {
        LOG_DEBUG("World entry keepalive: sending immediate ping after LOGIN_VERIFY_WORLD");
        sendPing();
    }

    // If we disconnected mid-taxi, attempt to recover to destination after login.
    if (taxiRecoverPending_ && taxiRecoverMapId_ == data.mapId) {
        float dx = movementInfo.x - taxiRecoverPos_.x;
        float dy = movementInfo.y - taxiRecoverPos_.y;
        float dz = movementInfo.z - taxiRecoverPos_.z;
        float dist = std::sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz);
        if (dist > 5.0f) {
            // Keep pending until player entity exists; update() will apply.
            LOG_INFO("Taxi recovery pending: dist=", dist);
        } else {
            taxiRecoverPending_ = false;
        }
    }

    if (initialWorldEntry) {
        // Clear inspect caches on world entry to avoid showing stale data.
        inspectedPlayerAchievements_.clear();

        // Reset talent initialization so the first SMSG_TALENTS_INFO after login
        // correctly sets the active spec (static locals don't reset across logins).
        talentsInitialized_ = false;
        learnedTalents_[0].clear();
        learnedTalents_[1].clear();
        learnedGlyphs_[0].fill(0);
        learnedGlyphs_[1].fill(0);
        unspentTalentPoints_[0] = 0;
        unspentTalentPoints_[1] = 0;
        activeTalentSpec_ = 0;

        // Auto-join default chat channels only on first world entry.
        autoJoinDefaultChannels();

        // Auto-query guild info on login.
        const Character* activeChar = getActiveCharacter();
        if (activeChar && activeChar->hasGuild() && socket) {
            auto gqPacket = GuildQueryPacket::build(activeChar->guildId);
            socket->send(gqPacket);
            auto grPacket = GuildRosterPacket::build();
            socket->send(grPacket);
            LOG_INFO("Auto-queried guild info (guildId=", activeChar->guildId, ")");
        }

        pendingQuestAcceptTimeouts_.clear();
        pendingQuestAcceptNpcGuids_.clear();
        pendingQuestQueryIds_.clear();
        pendingLoginQuestResync_ = true;
        pendingLoginQuestResyncTimeout_ = 10.0f;
        completedQuests_.clear();
        LOG_INFO("Queued quest log resync for login (from server quest slots)");

        // Request completed quest IDs when the expansion supports it. Classic-like
        // opcode tables do not define this packet, and sending 0xFFFF during world
        // entry can desync the early session handshake.
        if (socket) {
            const uint16_t queryCompletedWire = wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_QUERY_QUESTS_COMPLETED);
            if (queryCompletedWire != 0xFFFF) {
                network::Packet cqcPkt(queryCompletedWire);
                socket->send(cqcPkt);
                LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_QUERY_QUESTS_COMPLETED");
            } else {
                LOG_INFO("Skipping CMSG_QUERY_QUESTS_COMPLETED: opcode not mapped for current expansion");
            }
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleClientCacheVersion(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() < 4) {
        LOG_WARNING("SMSG_CLIENTCACHE_VERSION too short: ", packet.getSize(), " bytes");
        return;
    }

    uint32_t version = packet.readUInt32();
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_CLIENTCACHE_VERSION: ", version);
}

void GameHandler::handleTutorialFlags(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() < 32) {
        LOG_WARNING("SMSG_TUTORIAL_FLAGS too short: ", packet.getSize(), " bytes");
        return;
    }

    std::array<uint32_t, 8> flags{};
    for (uint32_t& v : flags) {
        v = packet.readUInt32();
    }

    LOG_INFO("SMSG_TUTORIAL_FLAGS: [",
             flags[0], ", ", flags[1], ", ", flags[2], ", ", flags[3], ", ",
             flags[4], ", ", flags[5], ", ", flags[6], ", ", flags[7], "]");
}

bool GameHandler::loadWardenCRFile(const std::string& moduleHashHex) {
    wardenCREntries_.clear();

    // Look for .cr file in warden cache
    std::string cacheBase;
#ifdef _WIN32
    if (const char* h = std::getenv("APPDATA")) cacheBase = std::string(h) + "\\wowee\\warden_cache";
    else cacheBase = ".\\warden_cache";
#else
    if (const char* h = std::getenv("HOME")) cacheBase = std::string(h) + "/.local/share/wowee/warden_cache";
    else cacheBase = "./warden_cache";
#endif
    std::string crPath = cacheBase + "/" + moduleHashHex + ".cr";

    std::ifstream crFile(crPath, std::ios::binary);
    if (!crFile) {
        LOG_WARNING("Warden: No .cr file found at ", crPath);
        return false;
    }

    // Get file size
    crFile.seekg(0, std::ios::end);
    auto fileSize = crFile.tellg();
    crFile.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);

    // Header: [4 memoryRead][4 pageScanCheck][9 opcodes] = 17 bytes
    constexpr size_t CR_HEADER_SIZE = 17;
    constexpr size_t CR_ENTRY_SIZE = 68; // seed[16]+reply[20]+clientKey[16]+serverKey[16]

    if (static_cast<size_t>(fileSize) < CR_HEADER_SIZE) {
        LOG_ERROR("Warden: .cr file too small (", fileSize, " bytes)");
        return false;
    }

    // Read header: [4 memoryRead][4 pageScanCheck][9 opcodes]
    crFile.seekg(8); // skip memoryRead + pageScanCheck
    crFile.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(wardenCheckOpcodes_), 9);
    {
        std::string opcHex;
        // CMaNGOS WindowsScanType order:
        // 0 READ_MEMORY, 1 FIND_MODULE_BY_NAME, 2 FIND_MEM_IMAGE_CODE_BY_HASH,
        // 3 FIND_CODE_BY_HASH, 4 HASH_CLIENT_FILE, 5 GET_LUA_VARIABLE,
        // 6 API_CHECK, 7 FIND_DRIVER_BY_NAME, 8 CHECK_TIMING_VALUES
        const char* names[] = {"MEM","MODULE","PAGE_A","PAGE_B","MPQ","LUA","PROC","DRIVER","TIMING"};
        for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
            char s[16]; snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "%s=0x%02X ", names[i], wardenCheckOpcodes_[i]); opcHex += s;
        }
        LOG_WARNING("Warden: Check opcodes: ", opcHex);
    }

    size_t entryCount = (static_cast<size_t>(fileSize) - CR_HEADER_SIZE) / CR_ENTRY_SIZE;
    if (entryCount == 0) {
        LOG_ERROR("Warden: .cr file has no entries");
        return false;
    }

    wardenCREntries_.resize(entryCount);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < entryCount; i++) {
        auto& e = wardenCREntries_[i];
        crFile.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(e.seed), 16);
        crFile.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(e.reply), 20);
        crFile.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(e.clientKey), 16);
        crFile.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(e.serverKey), 16);
    }

    LOG_INFO("Warden: Loaded ", entryCount, " CR entries from ", crPath);
    return true;
}

void GameHandler::handleWardenData(network::Packet& packet) {
    const auto& data = packet.getData();
    if (!wardenGateSeen_) {
        wardenGateSeen_ = true;
        wardenGateElapsed_ = 0.0f;
        wardenGateNextStatusLog_ = 2.0f;
        wardenPacketsAfterGate_ = 0;
    }

    // Initialize Warden crypto from session key on first packet
    if (!wardenCrypto_) {
        wardenCrypto_ = std::make_unique<WardenCrypto>();
        if (sessionKey.size() != 40) {
            LOG_ERROR("Warden: No valid session key (size=", sessionKey.size(), "), cannot init crypto");
            wardenCrypto_.reset();
            return;
        }
        if (!wardenCrypto_->initFromSessionKey(sessionKey)) {
            LOG_ERROR("Warden: Failed to initialize crypto from session key");
            wardenCrypto_.reset();
            return;
        }
        wardenState_ = WardenState::WAIT_MODULE_USE;
    }

    // Decrypt the payload
    std::vector<uint8_t> decrypted = wardenCrypto_->decrypt(data);

    // Avoid expensive hex formatting when DEBUG logs are disabled.
    if (core::Logger::getInstance().shouldLog(core::LogLevel::DEBUG)) {
        std::string hex;
        size_t logSize = std::min(decrypted.size(), size_t(256));
        hex.reserve(logSize * 3);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < logSize; ++i) {
            char b[4];
            snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "%02x ", decrypted[i]);
            hex += b;
        }
        if (decrypted.size() > 64) {
            hex += "... (" + std::to_string(decrypted.size() - 64) + " more)";
        }
        LOG_DEBUG("Warden: Decrypted (", decrypted.size(), " bytes): ", hex);
    }

    if (decrypted.empty()) {
        LOG_WARNING("Warden: Empty decrypted payload");
        return;
    }

    uint8_t wardenOpcode = decrypted[0];

    // Helper to send an encrypted Warden response
    auto sendWardenResponse = [&](const std::vector<uint8_t>& plaintext) {
        std::vector<uint8_t> encrypted = wardenCrypto_->encrypt(plaintext);
        network::Packet response(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_WARDEN_DATA));
        for (uint8_t byte : encrypted) {
            response.writeUInt8(byte);
        }
        if (socket && socket->isConnected()) {
            socket->send(response);
            LOG_DEBUG("Warden: Sent response (", plaintext.size(), " bytes plaintext)");
        }
    };

    switch (wardenOpcode) {
        case 0x00: { // WARDEN_SMSG_MODULE_USE
            // Format: [1 opcode][16 moduleHash][16 moduleKey][4 moduleSize]
            if (decrypted.size() < 37) {
                LOG_ERROR("Warden: MODULE_USE too short (", decrypted.size(), " bytes, need 37)");
                return;
            }

            wardenModuleHash_.assign(decrypted.begin() + 1, decrypted.begin() + 17);
            wardenModuleKey_.assign(decrypted.begin() + 17, decrypted.begin() + 33);
            wardenModuleSize_ = static_cast<uint32_t>(decrypted[33])
                              | (static_cast<uint32_t>(decrypted[34]) << 8)
                              | (static_cast<uint32_t>(decrypted[35]) << 16)
                              | (static_cast<uint32_t>(decrypted[36]) << 24);
            wardenModuleData_.clear();

            {
                std::string hashHex;
                for (auto b : wardenModuleHash_) { char s[4]; snprintf(s, 4, "%02x", b); hashHex += s; }
                LOG_DEBUG("Warden: MODULE_USE hash=", hashHex, " size=", wardenModuleSize_);

                // Try to load pre-computed challenge/response entries
                loadWardenCRFile(hashHex);
            }

            // Respond with MODULE_MISSING (opcode 0x00) to request the module data
            std::vector<uint8_t> resp = { 0x00 }; // WARDEN_CMSG_MODULE_MISSING
            sendWardenResponse(resp);
            wardenState_ = WardenState::WAIT_MODULE_CACHE;
            LOG_DEBUG("Warden: Sent MODULE_MISSING, waiting for module data chunks");
            break;
        }

        case 0x01: { // WARDEN_SMSG_MODULE_CACHE (module data chunk)
            // Format: [1 opcode][2 chunkSize LE][chunkSize bytes data]
            if (decrypted.size() < 3) {
                LOG_ERROR("Warden: MODULE_CACHE too short");
                return;
            }

            uint16_t chunkSize = static_cast<uint16_t>(decrypted[1])
                               | (static_cast<uint16_t>(decrypted[2]) << 8);

            if (decrypted.size() < 3u + chunkSize) {
                LOG_ERROR("Warden: MODULE_CACHE chunk truncated (claimed ", chunkSize,
                          ", have ", decrypted.size() - 3, ")");
                return;
            }

            wardenModuleData_.insert(wardenModuleData_.end(),
                                     decrypted.begin() + 3,
                                     decrypted.begin() + 3 + chunkSize);

            LOG_DEBUG("Warden: MODULE_CACHE chunk ", chunkSize, " bytes, total ",
                     wardenModuleData_.size(), "/", wardenModuleSize_);

            // Check if module download is complete
            if (wardenModuleData_.size() >= wardenModuleSize_) {
                LOG_INFO("Warden: Module download complete (",
                         wardenModuleData_.size(), " bytes)");
                wardenState_ = WardenState::WAIT_HASH_REQUEST;

                // Cache raw module to disk
                {
#ifdef _WIN32
                    std::string cacheDir;
                    if (const char* h = std::getenv("APPDATA")) cacheDir = std::string(h) + "\\wowee\\warden_cache";
                    else cacheDir = ".\\warden_cache";
#else
                    std::string cacheDir;
                    if (const char* h = std::getenv("HOME")) cacheDir = std::string(h) + "/.local/share/wowee/warden_cache";
                    else cacheDir = "./warden_cache";
#endif
                    std::filesystem::create_directories(cacheDir);

                    std::string hashHex;
                    for (auto b : wardenModuleHash_) { char s[4]; snprintf(s, 4, "%02x", b); hashHex += s; }
                    std::string cachePath = cacheDir + "/" + hashHex + ".wdn";

                    std::ofstream wf(cachePath, std::ios::binary);
                    if (wf) {
                        wf.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(wardenModuleData_.data()), wardenModuleData_.size());
                        LOG_DEBUG("Warden: Cached module to ", cachePath);
                    }
                }

                // Load the module (decrypt, decompress, parse, relocate)
                wardenLoadedModule_ = std::make_shared<WardenModule>();
                if (wardenLoadedModule_->load(wardenModuleData_, wardenModuleHash_, wardenModuleKey_)) { // codeql[cpp/weak-cryptographic-algorithm]
                    LOG_INFO("Warden: Module loaded successfully (image size=",
                             wardenLoadedModule_->getModuleSize(), " bytes)");
                } else {
                    LOG_ERROR("Warden: Module loading FAILED");
                    wardenLoadedModule_.reset();
                }

                // Send MODULE_OK (opcode 0x01)
                std::vector<uint8_t> resp = { 0x01 }; // WARDEN_CMSG_MODULE_OK
                sendWardenResponse(resp);
                LOG_DEBUG("Warden: Sent MODULE_OK");
            }
            // No response for intermediate chunks
            break;
        }

        case 0x05: { // WARDEN_SMSG_HASH_REQUEST
            // Format: [1 opcode][16 seed]
            if (decrypted.size() < 17) {
                LOG_ERROR("Warden: HASH_REQUEST too short (", decrypted.size(), " bytes, need 17)");
                return;
            }

            std::vector<uint8_t> seed(decrypted.begin() + 1, decrypted.begin() + 17);
            auto applyWardenSeedRekey = [&](const std::vector<uint8_t>& rekeySeed) {
                // Derive new RC4 keys from the seed using SHA1Randx.
                uint8_t newEncryptKey[16], newDecryptKey[16];
                WardenCrypto::sha1RandxGenerate(rekeySeed, newEncryptKey, newDecryptKey);

                std::vector<uint8_t> ek(newEncryptKey, newEncryptKey + 16);
                std::vector<uint8_t> dk(newDecryptKey, newDecryptKey + 16);
                wardenCrypto_->replaceKeys(ek, dk);
                for (auto& b : newEncryptKey) b = 0;
                for (auto& b : newDecryptKey) b = 0;
                LOG_DEBUG("Warden: Derived and applied key update from seed");
            };

            // --- Try CR lookup (pre-computed challenge/response entries) ---
            if (!wardenCREntries_.empty()) {
                const WardenCREntry* match = nullptr;
                for (const auto& entry : wardenCREntries_) {
                    if (std::memcmp(entry.seed, seed.data(), 16) == 0) {
                        match = &entry;
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (match) {
                    LOG_WARNING("Warden: HASH_REQUEST — CR entry MATCHED, sending pre-computed reply");

                    // Send HASH_RESULT (opcode 0x04 + 20-byte reply)
                    std::vector<uint8_t> resp;
                    resp.push_back(0x04);
                    resp.insert(resp.end(), match->reply, match->reply + 20);
                    sendWardenResponse(resp);

                    // Switch to new RC4 keys from the CR entry
                    // clientKey = encrypt (client→server), serverKey = decrypt (server→client)
                    std::vector<uint8_t> newEncryptKey(match->clientKey, match->clientKey + 16);
                    std::vector<uint8_t> newDecryptKey(match->serverKey, match->serverKey + 16);
                    wardenCrypto_->replaceKeys(newEncryptKey, newDecryptKey);

                    LOG_WARNING("Warden: Switched to CR key set");

                    wardenState_ = WardenState::WAIT_CHECKS;
                    break;
                } else {
                    LOG_WARNING("Warden: Seed not found in ", wardenCREntries_.size(), " CR entries");
                }
            }

            // --- No CR match: decide strategy based on server strictness ---
            {
                std::string seedHex;
                for (auto b : seed) { char s[4]; snprintf(s, 4, "%02x", b); seedHex += s; }

                bool isTurtle = isActiveExpansion("turtle");
                bool isClassic = (build <= 6005) && !isTurtle;

                if (!isTurtle && !isClassic) {
                    // WotLK/TBC (AzerothCore, etc.): strict servers BAN for wrong HASH_RESULT.
                    // Without a matching CR entry we cannot compute the correct hash
                    // (requires executing the module's native init function).
                    // Safest action: don't respond. Server will time-out and kick (not ban).
                    LOG_WARNING("Warden: HASH_REQUEST seed=", seedHex,
                                " — no CR match, SKIPPING response to avoid account ban");
                    LOG_WARNING("Warden: To fix, provide a .cr file with the correct seed→reply entry for this module");
                    // Stay in WAIT_HASH_REQUEST — server will eventually kick.
                    break;
                }

                // Turtle/Classic: lenient servers (log-only penalties, no bans).
                // Send a best-effort fallback hash so we can continue the handshake.
                LOG_WARNING("Warden: No CR match (seed=", seedHex,
                            "), sending fallback hash (lenient server)");

                std::vector<uint8_t> fallbackReply;
                if (wardenLoadedModule_ && wardenLoadedModule_->isLoaded()) {
                    const uint8_t* moduleImage = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(wardenLoadedModule_->getModuleMemory());
                    size_t moduleImageSize = wardenLoadedModule_->getModuleSize();
                    if (moduleImage && moduleImageSize > 0) {
                        std::vector<uint8_t> imageData(moduleImage, moduleImage + moduleImageSize);
                        fallbackReply = auth::Crypto::sha1(imageData);
                    }
                }
                if (fallbackReply.empty()) {
                    if (!wardenModuleData_.empty())
                        fallbackReply = auth::Crypto::sha1(wardenModuleData_);
                    else
                        fallbackReply.assign(20, 0);
                }

                std::vector<uint8_t> resp;
                resp.push_back(0x04); // WARDEN_CMSG_HASH_RESULT
                resp.insert(resp.end(), fallbackReply.begin(), fallbackReply.end());
                sendWardenResponse(resp);
                applyWardenSeedRekey(seed);
            }

            wardenState_ = WardenState::WAIT_CHECKS;
            break;
        }

        case 0x02: { // WARDEN_SMSG_CHEAT_CHECKS_REQUEST
            LOG_DEBUG("Warden: CHEAT_CHECKS_REQUEST (", decrypted.size(), " bytes)");

            if (decrypted.size() < 3) {
                LOG_ERROR("Warden: CHEAT_CHECKS_REQUEST too short");
                break;
            }

            // --- Parse string table ---
            // Format: [1 opcode][string table: (len+data)*][0x00 end][check data][xorByte]
            size_t pos = 1;
            std::vector<std::string> strings;
            while (pos < decrypted.size()) {
                uint8_t slen = decrypted[pos++];
                if (slen == 0) break; // end of string table
                if (pos + slen > decrypted.size()) break;
                strings.emplace_back(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(decrypted.data() + pos), slen);
                pos += slen;
            }
            LOG_DEBUG("Warden: String table: ", strings.size(), " entries");
            for (size_t i = 0; i < strings.size(); i++) {
                LOG_DEBUG("Warden:   [", i, "] = \"", strings[i], "\"");
            }

            // XOR byte is the last byte of the packet
            uint8_t xorByte = decrypted.back();
            LOG_DEBUG("Warden: XOR byte = 0x", [&]{ char s[4]; snprintf(s,4,"%02x",xorByte); return std::string(s); }());

            // Quick-scan for PAGE_A/PAGE_B checks (these trigger 5-second brute-force searches)
            {
                bool hasSlowChecks = false;
                for (size_t i = pos; i < decrypted.size() - 1; i++) {
                    uint8_t d = decrypted[i] ^ xorByte;
                    if (d == wardenCheckOpcodes_[2] || d == wardenCheckOpcodes_[3]) {
                        hasSlowChecks = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (hasSlowChecks && !wardenResponsePending_) {
                    LOG_WARNING("Warden: PAGE_A/PAGE_B detected — building response async to avoid main-loop stall");
                    // Ensure wardenMemory_ is loaded on main thread before launching async task
                    if (!wardenMemory_) {
                        wardenMemory_ = std::make_unique<WardenMemory>();
                        if (!wardenMemory_->load(static_cast<uint16_t>(build), isActiveExpansion("turtle"))) {
                            LOG_WARNING("Warden: Could not load WoW.exe for MEM_CHECK");
                        }
                    }
                    // Capture state by value (decrypted, strings) and launch async.
                    // The async task returns plaintext response bytes; main thread encrypts+sends in update().
                    size_t capturedPos = pos;
                    wardenPendingEncrypted_ = std::async(std::launch::async,
                        [this, decrypted, strings, xorByte, capturedPos]() -> std::vector<uint8_t> {
                            // This runs on a background thread — same logic as the synchronous path below.
                            // BEGIN: duplicated check processing (kept in sync with synchronous path)
                            enum CheckType { CT_MEM=0, CT_PAGE_A=1, CT_PAGE_B=2, CT_MPQ=3, CT_LUA=4,
                                             CT_DRIVER=5, CT_TIMING=6, CT_PROC=7, CT_MODULE=8, CT_UNKNOWN=9 };
                            size_t checkEnd = decrypted.size() - 1;
                            size_t pos = capturedPos;

                            auto decodeCheckType = [&](uint8_t raw) -> CheckType {
                                uint8_t decoded = raw ^ xorByte;
                                if (decoded == wardenCheckOpcodes_[0]) return CT_MEM;
                                if (decoded == wardenCheckOpcodes_[1]) return CT_MODULE;
                                if (decoded == wardenCheckOpcodes_[2]) return CT_PAGE_A;
                                if (decoded == wardenCheckOpcodes_[3]) return CT_PAGE_B;
                                if (decoded == wardenCheckOpcodes_[4]) return CT_MPQ;
                                if (decoded == wardenCheckOpcodes_[5]) return CT_LUA;
                                if (decoded == wardenCheckOpcodes_[6]) return CT_PROC;
                                if (decoded == wardenCheckOpcodes_[7]) return CT_DRIVER;
                                if (decoded == wardenCheckOpcodes_[8]) return CT_TIMING;
                                return CT_UNKNOWN;
                            };
                            auto resolveString = [&](uint8_t idx) -> std::string {
                                if (idx == 0) return {};
                                size_t i = idx - 1;
                                return i < strings.size() ? strings[i] : std::string();
                            };
                            auto isKnownWantedCodeScan = [&](const uint8_t seed[4], const uint8_t hash[20],
                                                             uint32_t off, uint8_t len) -> bool {
                                auto tryMatch = [&](const uint8_t* pat, size_t patLen) {
                                    uint8_t out[SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH]; unsigned int outLen = 0;
                                    HMAC(EVP_sha1(), seed, 4, pat, patLen, out, &outLen);
                                    return outLen == SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH && !std::memcmp(out, hash, SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH);
                                };
                                static const uint8_t p1[] = {0x33,0xD2,0x33,0xC9,0xE8,0x87,0x07,0x1B,0x00,0xE8};
                                if (off == 13856 && len == sizeof(p1) && tryMatch(p1, sizeof(p1))) return true;
                                static const uint8_t p2[] = {0x56,0x57,0xFC,0x8B,0x54,0x24,0x14,0x8B,
                                    0x74,0x24,0x10,0x8B,0x44,0x24,0x0C,0x8B,0xCA,0x8B,0xF8,0xC1,
                                    0xE9,0x02,0x74,0x02,0xF3,0xA5,0xB1,0x03,0x23,0xCA,0x74,0x02,
                                    0xF3,0xA4,0x5F,0x5E,0xC3};
                                if (len == sizeof(p2) && tryMatch(p2, sizeof(p2))) return true;
                                return false;
                            };

                            std::vector<uint8_t> resultData;
                            int checkCount = 0;
                            int checkTypeCounts[10] = {};

                            #define WARDEN_ASYNC_HANDLER 1
                            // The check processing loop is identical to the synchronous path.
                            // See the synchronous case 0x02 below for the canonical version.
                            while (pos < checkEnd) {
                                CheckType ct = decodeCheckType(decrypted[pos]);
                                pos++;
                                checkCount++;
                                if (ct <= CT_UNKNOWN) checkTypeCounts[ct]++;

                                switch (ct) {
                                case CT_TIMING: {
                                    // Result byte: 0x01 = timing check ran successfully,
                                    // 0x00 = timing check failed (Wine/VM — server skips anti-AFK).
                                    // We return 0x01 so the server validates normally; our
                                    // LastHardwareAction (now-2000) ensures a clean 2s delta.
                                    resultData.push_back(0x01);
                                    uint32_t ticks = static_cast<uint32_t>(
                                        std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
                                            std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
                                    resultData.push_back(ticks & 0xFF);
                                    resultData.push_back((ticks >> 8) & 0xFF);
                                    resultData.push_back((ticks >> 16) & 0xFF);
                                    resultData.push_back((ticks >> 24) & 0xFF);
                                    break;
                                }
                                case CT_MEM: {
                                    if (pos + 6 > checkEnd) { pos = checkEnd; break; }
                                    uint8_t strIdx = decrypted[pos++];
                                    std::string moduleName = resolveString(strIdx);
                                    uint32_t offset = decrypted[pos] | (uint32_t(decrypted[pos+1])<<8)
                                                    | (uint32_t(decrypted[pos+2])<<16) | (uint32_t(decrypted[pos+3])<<24);
                                    pos += 4;
                                    uint8_t readLen = decrypted[pos++];
                                    LOG_WARNING("Warden:   MEM offset=0x", [&]{char s[12];snprintf(s,12,"%08x",offset);return std::string(s);}(),
                                             " len=", (int)readLen,
                                             (strIdx ? " module=\"" + moduleName + "\"" : ""));
                                    if (offset == 0x00CF0BC8 && readLen == 4 && wardenMemory_ && wardenMemory_->isLoaded()) {
                                        uint32_t now = static_cast<uint32_t>(
                                            std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
                                                std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
                                        wardenMemory_->writeLE32(0xCF0BC8, now - 2000);
                                    }
                                    std::vector<uint8_t> memBuf(readLen, 0);
                                    bool memOk = wardenMemory_ && wardenMemory_->isLoaded() &&
                                                 wardenMemory_->readMemory(offset, readLen, memBuf.data());
                                    if (memOk) {
                                        const char* region = "?";
                                        if (offset >= 0x7FFE0000 && offset < 0x7FFF0000) region = "KUSER";
                                        else if (offset >= 0x400000 && offset < 0x800000) region = ".text/.code";
                                        else if (offset >= 0x7FF000 && offset < 0x827000) region = ".rdata";
                                        else if (offset >= 0x827000 && offset < 0x883000) region = ".data(raw)";
                                        else if (offset >= 0x883000 && offset < 0xD06000) region = ".data(BSS)";
                                        bool allZero = true;
                                        for (int i = 0; i < (int)readLen; i++) { if (memBuf[i] != 0) { allZero = false; break; } }
                                        std::string hexDump;
                                        for (int i = 0; i < (int)readLen; i++) { char hx[4]; snprintf(hx,4,"%02x ",memBuf[i]); hexDump += hx; }
                                        LOG_WARNING("Warden:   MEM_CHECK served: [", hexDump, "] region=", region,
                                                    (allZero && offset >= 0x883000 ? " \xe2\x98\x85""BSS_ZERO\xe2\x98\x85" : ""));
                                        if (offset == 0x7FFE026C && readLen == 12)
                                            LOG_WARNING("Warden:   Applying 4-byte ULONG alignment padding for WinVersionGet");
                                        resultData.push_back(0x00);
                                        resultData.insert(resultData.end(), memBuf.begin(), memBuf.end());
                                    } else {
                                        // Address not in PE/KUSER — return 0xE9 (not readable).
                                        // Real 32-bit WoW can't read kernel space (>=0x80000000)
                                        // or arbitrary unallocated user-space addresses.
                                        LOG_WARNING("Warden:   MEM_CHECK -> 0xE9 (unmapped 0x",
                                                    [&]{char s[12];snprintf(s,12,"%08x",offset);return std::string(s);}(), ")");
                                        resultData.push_back(0xE9);
                                    }
                                    break;
                                }
                                case CT_PAGE_A:
                                case CT_PAGE_B: {
                                    constexpr size_t kPageSize = 29;
                                    const char* pageName = (ct == CT_PAGE_A) ? "PAGE_A" : "PAGE_B";
                                    bool isImageOnly = (ct == CT_PAGE_A);
                                    if (pos + kPageSize > checkEnd) { pos = checkEnd; resultData.push_back(0x00); break; }
                                    const uint8_t* p = decrypted.data() + pos;
                                    const uint8_t* seed = p;
                                    const uint8_t* sha1 = p + 4;
                                    uint32_t off = uint32_t(p[24])|(uint32_t(p[25])<<8)|(uint32_t(p[26])<<16)|(uint32_t(p[27])<<24);
                                    uint8_t patLen = p[28];
                                    bool found = false;
                                    bool turtleFallback = false;
                                    if (isKnownWantedCodeScan(seed, sha1, off, patLen)) {
                                        found = true;
                                    } else if (wardenMemory_ && wardenMemory_->isLoaded() && patLen > 0) {
                                        // Hint + nearby window search (instant).
                                        // Skip full brute-force for Turtle PAGE_A to avoid
                                        // 25s delay that triggers response timeout.
                                        bool hintOnly = (ct == CT_PAGE_A && isActiveExpansion("turtle"));
                                        found = wardenMemory_->searchCodePattern(seed, sha1, patLen, isImageOnly, off, hintOnly);
                                        if (!found && !hintOnly && wardenLoadedModule_ && wardenLoadedModule_->isLoaded()) {
                                            const uint8_t* modMem = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(wardenLoadedModule_->getModuleMemory());
                                            size_t modSize = wardenLoadedModule_->getModuleSize();
                                            if (modMem && modSize >= patLen) {
                                                for (size_t i = 0; i < modSize - patLen + 1; i++) {
                                                    uint8_t h[20]; unsigned int hl = 0;
                                                    HMAC(EVP_sha1(), seed, 4, modMem+i, patLen, h, &hl);
                                                    if (hl == 20 && !std::memcmp(h, sha1, 20)) { found = true; break; }
                                                }
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                    // Turtle PAGE_A fallback: patterns at runtime-patched
                                    // offsets don't exist in the on-disk PE. The server
                                    // expects "found" for these code integrity checks.
                                    if (!found && ct == CT_PAGE_A && isActiveExpansion("turtle") && off < 0x600000) {
                                        found = true;
                                        turtleFallback = true;
                                    }
                                    uint8_t pageResult = found ? 0x4A : 0x00;
                                    LOG_WARNING("Warden:   ", pageName, " offset=0x",
                                                [&]{char s[12];snprintf(s,12,"%08x",off);return std::string(s);}(),
                                                " patLen=", (int)patLen, " found=", found ? "yes" : "no",
                                                turtleFallback ? " (turtle-fallback)" : "");
                                    pos += kPageSize;
                                    resultData.push_back(pageResult);
                                    break;
                                }
                                case CT_MPQ: {
                                    if (pos + 1 > checkEnd) { pos = checkEnd; break; }
                                    uint8_t strIdx = decrypted[pos++];
                                    std::string filePath = resolveString(strIdx);
                                    LOG_WARNING("Warden:   MPQ file=\"", (filePath.empty() ? "?" : filePath), "\"");
                                    bool found = false;
                                    std::vector<uint8_t> hash(20, 0);
                                    if (!filePath.empty()) {
                                        std::string np = asciiLower(filePath);
                                        std::replace(np.begin(), np.end(), '/', '\\');
                                        auto knownIt = knownDoorHashes().find(np);
                                        if (knownIt != knownDoorHashes().end()) { found = true; hash.assign(knownIt->second.begin(), knownIt->second.end()); }
                                        auto* am = core::Application::getInstance().getAssetManager();
                                        if (am && am->isInitialized() && !found) {
                                            std::vector<uint8_t> fd;
                                            std::string rp = resolveCaseInsensitiveDataPath(am->getDataPath(), filePath);
                                            if (!rp.empty()) fd = readFileBinary(rp);
                                            if (fd.empty()) fd = am->readFile(filePath);
                                            if (!fd.empty()) { found = true; hash = auth::Crypto::sha1(fd); }
                                        }
                                    }
                                    LOG_WARNING("Warden:   MPQ result=", (found ? "FOUND" : "NOT_FOUND"));
                                    if (found) { resultData.push_back(0x00); resultData.insert(resultData.end(), hash.begin(), hash.end()); }
                                    else { resultData.push_back(0x01); }
                                    break;
                                }
                                case CT_LUA: {
                                    if (pos + 1 > checkEnd) { pos = checkEnd; break; }
                                    pos++; resultData.push_back(0x01); break;
                                }
                                case CT_DRIVER: {
                                    if (pos + 25 > checkEnd) { pos = checkEnd; break; }
                                    pos += 24;
                                    uint8_t strIdx = decrypted[pos++];
                                    std::string dn = resolveString(strIdx);
                                    LOG_WARNING("Warden:   DRIVER=\"", (dn.empty() ? "?" : dn), "\" -> 0x00(not found)");
                                    resultData.push_back(0x00); break;
                                }
                                case CT_MODULE: {
                                    if (pos + 24 > checkEnd) { pos = checkEnd; resultData.push_back(0x00); break; }
                                    const uint8_t* p = decrypted.data() + pos;
                                    uint8_t sb[4] = {p[0],p[1],p[2],p[3]};
                                    uint8_t rh[20]; std::memcpy(rh, p+4, 20);
                                    pos += 24;
                                    bool isWanted = hmacSha1Matches(sb, "KERNEL32.DLL", rh);
                                    std::string mn = isWanted ? "KERNEL32.DLL" : "?";
                                    if (!isWanted) {
                                        // Cheat modules (unwanted — report not found)
                                        if (hmacSha1Matches(sb,"WPESPY.DLL",rh)) mn = "WPESPY.DLL";
                                        else if (hmacSha1Matches(sb,"TAMIA.DLL",rh)) mn = "TAMIA.DLL";
                                        else if (hmacSha1Matches(sb,"PRXDRVPE.DLL",rh)) mn = "PRXDRVPE.DLL";
                                        else if (hmacSha1Matches(sb,"SPEEDHACK-I386.DLL",rh)) mn = "SPEEDHACK-I386.DLL";
                                        else if (hmacSha1Matches(sb,"D3DHOOK.DLL",rh)) mn = "D3DHOOK.DLL";
                                        else if (hmacSha1Matches(sb,"NJUMD.DLL",rh)) mn = "NJUMD.DLL";
                                        // System DLLs (wanted — report found)
                                        else if (hmacSha1Matches(sb,"USER32.DLL",rh)) { mn = "USER32.DLL"; isWanted = true; }
                                        else if (hmacSha1Matches(sb,"NTDLL.DLL",rh)) { mn = "NTDLL.DLL"; isWanted = true; }
                                        else if (hmacSha1Matches(sb,"WS2_32.DLL",rh)) { mn = "WS2_32.DLL"; isWanted = true; }
                                        else if (hmacSha1Matches(sb,"WSOCK32.DLL",rh)) { mn = "WSOCK32.DLL"; isWanted = true; }
                                        else if (hmacSha1Matches(sb,"ADVAPI32.DLL",rh)) { mn = "ADVAPI32.DLL"; isWanted = true; }
                                        else if (hmacSha1Matches(sb,"SHELL32.DLL",rh)) { mn = "SHELL32.DLL"; isWanted = true; }
                                        else if (hmacSha1Matches(sb,"GDI32.DLL",rh)) { mn = "GDI32.DLL"; isWanted = true; }
                                        else if (hmacSha1Matches(sb,"OPENGL32.DLL",rh)) { mn = "OPENGL32.DLL"; isWanted = true; }
                                        else if (hmacSha1Matches(sb,"WINMM.DLL",rh)) { mn = "WINMM.DLL"; isWanted = true; }
                                    }
                                    uint8_t mr = isWanted ? 0x4A : 0x00;
                                    LOG_WARNING("Warden:   MODULE \"", mn, "\" -> 0x",
                                                [&]{char s[4];snprintf(s,4,"%02x",mr);return std::string(s);}(),
                                                isWanted ? "(found)" : "(not found)");
                                    resultData.push_back(mr); break;
                                }
                                case CT_PROC: {
                                    if (pos + 30 > checkEnd) { pos = checkEnd; break; }
                                    pos += 30; resultData.push_back(0x01); break;
                                }
                                default: pos = checkEnd; break;
                                }
                            }
                            #undef WARDEN_ASYNC_HANDLER

                            // Log summary
                            {
                                std::string summary;
                                const char* ctNames[] = {"MEM","PAGE_A","PAGE_B","MPQ","LUA","DRIVER","TIMING","PROC","MODULE","UNK"};
                                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                                    if (checkTypeCounts[i] > 0) {
                                        if (!summary.empty()) summary += " ";
                                        summary += ctNames[i]; summary += "="; summary += std::to_string(checkTypeCounts[i]);
                                    }
                                }
                                LOG_WARNING("Warden: (async) Parsed ", checkCount, " checks [", summary,
                                            "] resultSize=", resultData.size());
                                std::string fullHex;
                                for (size_t bi = 0; bi < resultData.size(); bi++) {
                                    char hx[4]; snprintf(hx, 4, "%02x ", resultData[bi]); fullHex += hx;
                                    if ((bi + 1) % 32 == 0 && bi + 1 < resultData.size()) fullHex += "\n                    ";
                                }
                                LOG_WARNING("Warden: RESPONSE_HEX [", fullHex, "]");
                            }

                            // Build plaintext response: [0x02][uint16 len][uint32 checksum][resultData]
                            auto resultHash = auth::Crypto::sha1(resultData);
                            uint32_t checksum = 0;
                            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                                uint32_t word = resultHash[i*4] | (uint32_t(resultHash[i*4+1])<<8)
                                              | (uint32_t(resultHash[i*4+2])<<16) | (uint32_t(resultHash[i*4+3])<<24);
                                checksum ^= word;
                            }
                            uint16_t rl = static_cast<uint16_t>(resultData.size());
                            std::vector<uint8_t> resp;
                            resp.push_back(0x02);
                            resp.push_back(rl & 0xFF); resp.push_back((rl >> 8) & 0xFF);
                            resp.push_back(checksum & 0xFF); resp.push_back((checksum >> 8) & 0xFF);
                            resp.push_back((checksum >> 16) & 0xFF); resp.push_back((checksum >> 24) & 0xFF);
                            resp.insert(resp.end(), resultData.begin(), resultData.end());
                            return resp; // plaintext; main thread will encrypt + send
                        });
                    wardenResponsePending_ = true;
                    break; // exit case 0x02 — response will be sent from update()
                }
            }

            // Check type enum indices
            enum CheckType { CT_MEM=0, CT_PAGE_A=1, CT_PAGE_B=2, CT_MPQ=3, CT_LUA=4,
                             CT_DRIVER=5, CT_TIMING=6, CT_PROC=7, CT_MODULE=8, CT_UNKNOWN=9 };
            const char* checkTypeNames[] = {"MEM","PAGE_A","PAGE_B","MPQ","LUA","DRIVER","TIMING","PROC","MODULE","UNKNOWN"};
            size_t checkEnd = decrypted.size() - 1; // exclude xorByte

            auto decodeCheckType = [&](uint8_t raw) -> CheckType {
                uint8_t decoded = raw ^ xorByte;
                if (decoded == wardenCheckOpcodes_[0]) return CT_MEM;    // READ_MEMORY
                if (decoded == wardenCheckOpcodes_[1]) return CT_MODULE; // FIND_MODULE_BY_NAME
                if (decoded == wardenCheckOpcodes_[2]) return CT_PAGE_A; // FIND_MEM_IMAGE_CODE_BY_HASH
                if (decoded == wardenCheckOpcodes_[3]) return CT_PAGE_B; // FIND_CODE_BY_HASH
                if (decoded == wardenCheckOpcodes_[4]) return CT_MPQ;    // HASH_CLIENT_FILE
                if (decoded == wardenCheckOpcodes_[5]) return CT_LUA;    // GET_LUA_VARIABLE
                if (decoded == wardenCheckOpcodes_[6]) return CT_PROC;   // API_CHECK
                if (decoded == wardenCheckOpcodes_[7]) return CT_DRIVER; // FIND_DRIVER_BY_NAME
                if (decoded == wardenCheckOpcodes_[8]) return CT_TIMING; // CHECK_TIMING_VALUES
                return CT_UNKNOWN;
            };
            auto isKnownWantedCodeScan = [&](const uint8_t seedBytes[4], const uint8_t reqHash[20],
                                            uint32_t offset, uint8_t length) -> bool {
                auto hashPattern = [&](const uint8_t* pattern, size_t patternLen) {
                    uint8_t out[SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH];
                    unsigned int outLen = 0;
                    HMAC(EVP_sha1(),
                         seedBytes, 4,
                         pattern, patternLen,
                         out, &outLen);
                    return outLen == SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH && std::memcmp(out, reqHash, SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH) == 0;
                };

                // DB sanity check: "Warden packet process code search sanity check" (id=85)
                static const uint8_t kPacketProcessSanityPattern[] = {
                    0x33, 0xD2, 0x33, 0xC9, 0xE8, 0x87, 0x07, 0x1B, 0x00, 0xE8
                };
                if (offset == 13856 && length == sizeof(kPacketProcessSanityPattern) &&
                    hashPattern(kPacketProcessSanityPattern, sizeof(kPacketProcessSanityPattern))) {
                    return true;
                }

                // Scripted sanity check: "Warden Memory Read check" in wardenwin.cpp
                static const uint8_t kWardenMemoryReadPattern[] = {
                    0x56, 0x57, 0xFC, 0x8B, 0x54, 0x24, 0x14, 0x8B,
                    0x74, 0x24, 0x10, 0x8B, 0x44, 0x24, 0x0C, 0x8B,
                    0xCA, 0x8B, 0xF8, 0xC1, 0xE9, 0x02, 0x74, 0x02,
                    0xF3, 0xA5, 0xB1, 0x03, 0x23, 0xCA, 0x74, 0x02,
                    0xF3, 0xA4, 0x5F, 0x5E, 0xC3
                };
                if (length == sizeof(kWardenMemoryReadPattern) &&
                    hashPattern(kWardenMemoryReadPattern, sizeof(kWardenMemoryReadPattern))) {
                    return true;
                }

                return false;
            };
            auto resolveWardenString = [&](uint8_t oneBasedIndex) -> std::string {
                if (oneBasedIndex == 0) return std::string();
                size_t idx = static_cast<size_t>(oneBasedIndex - 1);
                if (idx >= strings.size()) return std::string();
                return strings[idx];
            };
            auto requestSizes = [&](CheckType ct) {
                switch (ct) {
                    case CT_TIMING: return std::vector<size_t>{0};
                    case CT_MEM:    return std::vector<size_t>{6};
                    case CT_PAGE_A: return std::vector<size_t>{24, 29};
                    case CT_PAGE_B: return std::vector<size_t>{24, 29};
                    case CT_MPQ:    return std::vector<size_t>{1};
                    case CT_LUA:    return std::vector<size_t>{1};
                    case CT_DRIVER: return std::vector<size_t>{25};
                    case CT_PROC:   return std::vector<size_t>{30};
                    case CT_MODULE: return std::vector<size_t>{24};
                    default:        return std::vector<size_t>{};
                }
            };
            std::unordered_map<size_t, bool> parseMemo;
            std::function<bool(size_t)> canParseFrom = [&](size_t checkPos) -> bool {
                if (checkPos == checkEnd) return true;
                if (checkPos > checkEnd) return false;
                auto it = parseMemo.find(checkPos);
                if (it != parseMemo.end()) return it->second;

                CheckType ct = decodeCheckType(decrypted[checkPos]);
                if (ct == CT_UNKNOWN) {
                    parseMemo[checkPos] = false;
                    return false;
                }

                size_t payloadPos = checkPos + 1;
                for (size_t reqSize : requestSizes(ct)) {
                    if (payloadPos + reqSize > checkEnd) continue;
                    if (canParseFrom(payloadPos + reqSize)) {
                        parseMemo[checkPos] = true;
                        return true;
                    }
                }

                parseMemo[checkPos] = false;
                return false;
            };
            auto isBoundaryAfter = [&](size_t start, size_t consume) -> bool {
                size_t next = start + consume;
                if (next == checkEnd) return true;
                if (next > checkEnd) return false;
                return decodeCheckType(decrypted[next]) != CT_UNKNOWN;
            };

            // --- Parse check entries and build response ---
            std::vector<uint8_t> resultData;
            int checkCount = 0;

            while (pos < checkEnd) {
                CheckType ct = decodeCheckType(decrypted[pos]);
                pos++;
                checkCount++;

                LOG_DEBUG("Warden: Check #", checkCount, " type=", checkTypeNames[ct],
                         " at offset ", pos - 1);

                switch (ct) {
                    case CT_TIMING: {
                        // No additional request data
                        // Response: [uint8 result][uint32 ticks]
                        // 0x01 = timing check ran successfully (server validates anti-AFK)
                        // 0x00 = timing failed (Wine/VM — server skips check but flags client)
                        resultData.push_back(0x01);
                        uint32_t ticks = static_cast<uint32_t>(
                            std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
                                std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
                        resultData.push_back(ticks & 0xFF);
                        resultData.push_back((ticks >> 8) & 0xFF);
                        resultData.push_back((ticks >> 16) & 0xFF);
                        resultData.push_back((ticks >> 24) & 0xFF);
                        LOG_WARNING("Warden:   (sync) TIMING ticks=", ticks);
                        break;
                    }
                    case CT_MEM: {
                        // Request: [1 stringIdx][4 offset][1 length]
                        if (pos + 6 > checkEnd) { pos = checkEnd; break; }
                        uint8_t strIdx = decrypted[pos++];
                        std::string moduleName = resolveWardenString(strIdx);
                        uint32_t offset = decrypted[pos] | (uint32_t(decrypted[pos+1])<<8)
                                        | (uint32_t(decrypted[pos+2])<<16) | (uint32_t(decrypted[pos+3])<<24);
                        pos += 4;
                        uint8_t readLen = decrypted[pos++];
                        LOG_WARNING("Warden:   (sync) MEM offset=0x", [&]{char s[12];snprintf(s,12,"%08x",offset);return std::string(s);}(),
                                 " len=", (int)readLen,
                                 moduleName.empty() ? "" : (" module=\"" + moduleName + "\""));

                        // Lazy-load WoW.exe PE image on first MEM_CHECK
                        if (!wardenMemory_) {
                            wardenMemory_ = std::make_unique<WardenMemory>();
                            if (!wardenMemory_->load(static_cast<uint16_t>(build), isActiveExpansion("turtle"))) {
                                LOG_WARNING("Warden: Could not load WoW.exe for MEM_CHECK");
                            }
                        }

                        // Dynamically update LastHardwareAction before reading
                        // (anti-AFK scan compares this timestamp against TIMING ticks)
                        if (offset == 0x00CF0BC8 && readLen == 4 && wardenMemory_ && wardenMemory_->isLoaded()) {
                            uint32_t now = static_cast<uint32_t>(
                                std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
                                    std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
                            wardenMemory_->writeLE32(0xCF0BC8, now - 2000);
                        }

                        // Read bytes from PE image (includes patched runtime globals)
                        std::vector<uint8_t> memBuf(readLen, 0);
                        if (wardenMemory_->isLoaded() && wardenMemory_->readMemory(offset, readLen, memBuf.data())) {
                            LOG_DEBUG("Warden:   MEM_CHECK served from PE image");
                            resultData.push_back(0x00);
                            resultData.insert(resultData.end(), memBuf.begin(), memBuf.end());
                        } else {
                            // Address not in PE/KUSER — return 0xE9 (not readable).
                            LOG_WARNING("Warden:   (sync) MEM_CHECK -> 0xE9 (unmapped 0x",
                                        [&]{char s[12];snprintf(s,12,"%08x",offset);return std::string(s);}(), ")");
                            resultData.push_back(0xE9);
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                    case CT_PAGE_A: {
                        // Classic has seen two PAGE_A layouts in the wild:
                        // short: [4 seed][20 sha1] = 24 bytes
                        // long:  [4 seed][20 sha1][4 addr][1 len] = 29 bytes
                        // Prefer the variant that allows the full remaining stream to parse.
                        constexpr size_t kPageAShort = 24;
                        constexpr size_t kPageALong = 29;
                        size_t consume = 0;

                        if (pos + kPageAShort <= checkEnd && canParseFrom(pos + kPageAShort)) {
                            consume = kPageAShort;
                        }
                        if (pos + kPageALong <= checkEnd && canParseFrom(pos + kPageALong) && consume == 0) {
                            consume = kPageALong;
                        }
                        if (consume == 0 && isBoundaryAfter(pos, kPageAShort)) consume = kPageAShort;
                        if (consume == 0 && isBoundaryAfter(pos, kPageALong)) consume = kPageALong;

                        if (consume == 0) {
                            size_t remaining = checkEnd - pos;
                            if (remaining >= kPageAShort && remaining < kPageALong) consume = kPageAShort;
                            else if (remaining >= kPageALong) consume = kPageALong;
                            else {
                                LOG_WARNING("Warden:   PAGE_A check truncated (remaining=", remaining,
                                            "), consuming remainder");
                                pos = checkEnd;
                                resultData.push_back(0x00);
                                break;
                            }
                        }

                        uint8_t pageResult = 0x00;
                        if (consume >= 29) {
                            const uint8_t* p = decrypted.data() + pos;
                            uint8_t seedBytes[4] = { p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3] };
                            uint8_t reqHash[20];
                            std::memcpy(reqHash, p + 4, 20);
                            uint32_t off = uint32_t(p[24]) | (uint32_t(p[25]) << 8) |
                                           (uint32_t(p[26]) << 16) | (uint32_t(p[27]) << 24);
                            uint8_t len = p[28];
                            if (isKnownWantedCodeScan(seedBytes, reqHash, off, len)) {
                                pageResult = 0x4A;
                            } else if (wardenMemory_ && wardenMemory_->isLoaded() && len > 0) {
                                if (wardenMemory_->searchCodePattern(seedBytes, reqHash, len, true, off))
                                    pageResult = 0x4A;
                            }
                            // Turtle PAGE_A fallback: runtime-patched offsets aren't in the
                            // on-disk PE. Server expects "found" for code integrity checks.
                            if (pageResult == 0x00 && isActiveExpansion("turtle") && off < 0x600000) {
                                pageResult = 0x4A;
                                LOG_WARNING("Warden:   PAGE_A turtle-fallback for offset=0x",
                                            [&]{char s[12];snprintf(s,12,"%08x",off);return std::string(s);}());
                            }
                        }
                        if (consume >= 29) {
                            uint32_t off2 = uint32_t((decrypted.data()+pos)[24]) | (uint32_t((decrypted.data()+pos)[25])<<8) |
                                            (uint32_t((decrypted.data()+pos)[26])<<16) | (uint32_t((decrypted.data()+pos)[27])<<24);
                            uint8_t len2 = (decrypted.data()+pos)[28];
                            LOG_WARNING("Warden:   (sync) PAGE_A offset=0x",
                                        [&]{char s[12];snprintf(s,12,"%08x",off2);return std::string(s);}(),
                                        " patLen=", (int)len2,
                                        " result=0x", [&]{char s[4];snprintf(s,4,"%02x",pageResult);return std::string(s);}());
                        } else {
                            LOG_WARNING("Warden:   (sync) PAGE_A (short ", consume, "b) result=0x",
                                        [&]{char s[4];snprintf(s,4,"%02x",pageResult);return std::string(s);}());
                        }
                        pos += consume;
                        resultData.push_back(pageResult);
                        break;
                    }
                    case CT_PAGE_B: {
                        constexpr size_t kPageBShort = 24;
                        constexpr size_t kPageBLong = 29;
                        size_t consume = 0;

                        if (pos + kPageBShort <= checkEnd && canParseFrom(pos + kPageBShort)) {
                            consume = kPageBShort;
                        }
                        if (pos + kPageBLong <= checkEnd && canParseFrom(pos + kPageBLong) && consume == 0) {
                            consume = kPageBLong;
                        }
                        if (consume == 0 && isBoundaryAfter(pos, kPageBShort)) consume = kPageBShort;
                        if (consume == 0 && isBoundaryAfter(pos, kPageBLong)) consume = kPageBLong;

                        if (consume == 0) {
                            size_t remaining = checkEnd - pos;
                            if (remaining >= kPageBShort && remaining < kPageBLong) consume = kPageBShort;
                            else if (remaining >= kPageBLong) consume = kPageBLong;
                            else { pos = checkEnd; break; }
                        }
                        uint8_t pageResult = 0x00;
                        if (consume >= 29) {
                            const uint8_t* p = decrypted.data() + pos;
                            uint8_t seedBytes[4] = { p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3] };
                            uint8_t reqHash[20];
                            std::memcpy(reqHash, p + 4, 20);
                            uint32_t off = uint32_t(p[24]) | (uint32_t(p[25]) << 8) |
                                           (uint32_t(p[26]) << 16) | (uint32_t(p[27]) << 24);
                            uint8_t len = p[28];
                            if (isKnownWantedCodeScan(seedBytes, reqHash, off, len)) {
                                pageResult = 0x4A; // PatternFound
                            }
                        }
                        LOG_DEBUG("Warden:   PAGE_B request bytes=", consume,
                                 " result=0x", [&]{char s[4];snprintf(s,4,"%02x",pageResult);return std::string(s);}());
                        pos += consume;
                        resultData.push_back(pageResult);
                        break;
                    }
                    case CT_MPQ: {
                        // HASH_CLIENT_FILE request: [1 stringIdx]
                        if (pos + 1 > checkEnd) { pos = checkEnd; break; }
                        uint8_t strIdx = decrypted[pos++];
                        std::string filePath = resolveWardenString(strIdx);
                        LOG_WARNING("Warden:   (sync) MPQ file=\"", (filePath.empty() ? "?" : filePath), "\"");

                        bool found = false;
                        std::vector<uint8_t> hash(20, 0);
                        if (!filePath.empty()) {
                            std::string normalizedPath = asciiLower(filePath);
                            std::replace(normalizedPath.begin(), normalizedPath.end(), '/', '\\');
                            auto knownIt = knownDoorHashes().find(normalizedPath);
                            if (knownIt != knownDoorHashes().end()) {
                                found = true;
                                hash.assign(knownIt->second.begin(), knownIt->second.end());
                            }

                            auto* am = core::Application::getInstance().getAssetManager();
                            if (am && am->isInitialized() && !found) {
                                // Use a case-insensitive direct filesystem resolution first.
                                // Manifest entries may point at uppercase duplicate trees with
                                // different content/hashes than canonical client files.
                                std::vector<uint8_t> fileData;
                                std::string resolvedFsPath =
                                    resolveCaseInsensitiveDataPath(am->getDataPath(), filePath);
                                if (!resolvedFsPath.empty()) {
                                    fileData = readFileBinary(resolvedFsPath);
                                }
                                if (fileData.empty()) {
                                    fileData = am->readFile(filePath);
                                }

                                if (!fileData.empty()) {
                                    found = true;
                                    hash = auth::Crypto::sha1(fileData);
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        // Response: result=0 + 20-byte SHA1 if found; result=1 (no hash) if not found.
                        // Server only reads 20 hash bytes when result==0; extra bytes corrupt parsing.
                        if (found) {
                            resultData.push_back(0x00);
                            resultData.insert(resultData.end(), hash.begin(), hash.end());
                        } else {
                            resultData.push_back(0x01);
                        }
                        LOG_WARNING("Warden:   (sync) MPQ result=", found ? "FOUND" : "NOT_FOUND");
                        break;
                    }
                    case CT_LUA: {
                        // Request: [1 stringIdx]
                        if (pos + 1 > checkEnd) { pos = checkEnd; break; }
                        uint8_t strIdx = decrypted[pos++];
                        std::string luaVar = resolveWardenString(strIdx);
                        LOG_WARNING("Warden:   (sync) LUA str=\"", (luaVar.empty() ? "?" : luaVar), "\"");
                        // Response: [uint8 result=0][uint16 len=0]
                        // Lua string doesn't exist
                        resultData.push_back(0x01); // not found
                        break;
                    }
                    case CT_DRIVER: {
                        // Request: [4 seed][20 sha1][1 stringIdx]
                        if (pos + 25 > checkEnd) { pos = checkEnd; break; }
                        pos += 24; // skip seed + sha1
                        uint8_t strIdx = decrypted[pos++];
                        std::string driverName = resolveWardenString(strIdx);
                        LOG_WARNING("Warden:   (sync) DRIVER=\"", (driverName.empty() ? "?" : driverName), "\" -> 0x00(not found)");
                        // Response: [uint8 result=0] (driver NOT found = clean)
                        // VMaNGOS: result != 0 means "found". 0x01 would mean VM driver detected!
                        resultData.push_back(0x00);
                        break;
                    }
                    case CT_MODULE: {
                        // FIND_MODULE_BY_NAME request: [4 seed][20 sha1] = 24 bytes
                        int moduleSize = 24;
                        if (pos + moduleSize > checkEnd) {
                            size_t remaining = checkEnd - pos;
                            LOG_WARNING("Warden:   MODULE check truncated (remaining=", remaining,
                                        ", expected=", moduleSize, "), consuming remainder");
                            pos = checkEnd;
                        } else {
                            const uint8_t* p = decrypted.data() + pos;
                            uint8_t seedBytes[4] = { p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3] };
                            uint8_t reqHash[20];
                            std::memcpy(reqHash, p + 4, 20);
                            pos += moduleSize;

                            bool shouldReportFound = false;
                            std::string modName = "?";
                            // Wanted system modules
                            if (hmacSha1Matches(seedBytes, "KERNEL32.DLL", reqHash)) { modName = "KERNEL32.DLL"; shouldReportFound = true; }
                            else if (hmacSha1Matches(seedBytes, "USER32.DLL", reqHash)) { modName = "USER32.DLL"; shouldReportFound = true; }
                            else if (hmacSha1Matches(seedBytes, "NTDLL.DLL", reqHash)) { modName = "NTDLL.DLL"; shouldReportFound = true; }
                            else if (hmacSha1Matches(seedBytes, "WS2_32.DLL", reqHash)) { modName = "WS2_32.DLL"; shouldReportFound = true; }
                            else if (hmacSha1Matches(seedBytes, "WSOCK32.DLL", reqHash)) { modName = "WSOCK32.DLL"; shouldReportFound = true; }
                            else if (hmacSha1Matches(seedBytes, "ADVAPI32.DLL", reqHash)) { modName = "ADVAPI32.DLL"; shouldReportFound = true; }
                            else if (hmacSha1Matches(seedBytes, "SHELL32.DLL", reqHash)) { modName = "SHELL32.DLL"; shouldReportFound = true; }
                            else if (hmacSha1Matches(seedBytes, "GDI32.DLL", reqHash)) { modName = "GDI32.DLL"; shouldReportFound = true; }
                            else if (hmacSha1Matches(seedBytes, "OPENGL32.DLL", reqHash)) { modName = "OPENGL32.DLL"; shouldReportFound = true; }
                            else if (hmacSha1Matches(seedBytes, "WINMM.DLL", reqHash)) { modName = "WINMM.DLL"; shouldReportFound = true; }
                            // Unwanted cheat modules
                            else if (hmacSha1Matches(seedBytes, "WPESPY.DLL", reqHash)) modName = "WPESPY.DLL";
                            else if (hmacSha1Matches(seedBytes, "SPEEDHACK-I386.DLL", reqHash)) modName = "SPEEDHACK-I386.DLL";
                            else if (hmacSha1Matches(seedBytes, "TAMIA.DLL", reqHash)) modName = "TAMIA.DLL";
                            else if (hmacSha1Matches(seedBytes, "PRXDRVPE.DLL", reqHash)) modName = "PRXDRVPE.DLL";
                            else if (hmacSha1Matches(seedBytes, "D3DHOOK.DLL", reqHash)) modName = "D3DHOOK.DLL";
                            else if (hmacSha1Matches(seedBytes, "NJUMD.DLL", reqHash)) modName = "NJUMD.DLL";
                            LOG_WARNING("Warden:   (sync) MODULE \"", modName,
                                        "\" -> 0x", [&]{char s[4];snprintf(s,4,"%02x",shouldReportFound?0x4A:0x00);return std::string(s);}(),
                                        "(", shouldReportFound ? "found" : "not found", ")");
                            resultData.push_back(shouldReportFound ? 0x4A : 0x00);
                            break;
                        }
                        // Truncated module request fallback: module NOT loaded = clean
                        resultData.push_back(0x00);
                        break;
                    }
                    case CT_PROC: {
                        // API_CHECK request:
                        // [4 seed][20 sha1][1 stringIdx][1 stringIdx2][4 offset] = 30 bytes
                        int procSize = 30;
                        if (pos + procSize > checkEnd) { pos = checkEnd; break; }
                        pos += procSize;
                        LOG_WARNING("Warden:   (sync) PROC check -> 0x01(not found)");
                        // Response: [uint8 result=1] (proc NOT found = clean)
                        resultData.push_back(0x01);
                        break;
                    }
                    default: {
                        uint8_t rawByte = decrypted[pos - 1];
                        uint8_t decoded = rawByte ^ xorByte;
                        LOG_WARNING("Warden: Unknown check type raw=0x",
                                    [&]{char s[4];snprintf(s,4,"%02x",rawByte);return std::string(s);}(),
                                    " decoded=0x",
                                    [&]{char s[4];snprintf(s,4,"%02x",decoded);return std::string(s);}(),
                                    " xorByte=0x",
                                    [&]{char s[4];snprintf(s,4,"%02x",xorByte);return std::string(s);}(),
                                    " opcodes=[",
                                    [&]{std::string r;for(int i=0;i<9;i++){char s[6];snprintf(s,6,"0x%02x ",wardenCheckOpcodes_[i]);r+=s;}return r;}(),
                                    "] pos=", pos, "/", checkEnd);
                        pos = checkEnd; // stop parsing
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }

            // Log synchronous round summary at WARNING level for diagnostics
            {
                LOG_WARNING("Warden: (sync) Parsed ", checkCount, " checks, resultSize=", resultData.size());
                std::string fullHex;
                for (size_t bi = 0; bi < resultData.size(); bi++) {
                    char hx[4]; snprintf(hx, 4, "%02x ", resultData[bi]); fullHex += hx;
                    if ((bi + 1) % 32 == 0 && bi + 1 < resultData.size()) fullHex += "\n                    ";
                }
                LOG_WARNING("Warden: (sync) RESPONSE_HEX [", fullHex, "]");
            }

            // --- Compute checksum: XOR of 5 uint32s from SHA1(resultData) ---
            auto resultHash = auth::Crypto::sha1(resultData);
            uint32_t checksum = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                uint32_t word = resultHash[i*4]
                              | (uint32_t(resultHash[i*4+1]) << 8)
                              | (uint32_t(resultHash[i*4+2]) << 16)
                              | (uint32_t(resultHash[i*4+3]) << 24);
                checksum ^= word;
            }

            // --- Build response: [0x02][uint16 length][uint32 checksum][resultData] ---
            uint16_t resultLen = static_cast<uint16_t>(resultData.size());
            std::vector<uint8_t> resp;
            resp.push_back(0x02);
            resp.push_back(resultLen & 0xFF);
            resp.push_back((resultLen >> 8) & 0xFF);
            resp.push_back(checksum & 0xFF);
            resp.push_back((checksum >> 8) & 0xFF);
            resp.push_back((checksum >> 16) & 0xFF);
            resp.push_back((checksum >> 24) & 0xFF);
            resp.insert(resp.end(), resultData.begin(), resultData.end());
            sendWardenResponse(resp);
            LOG_DEBUG("Warden: Sent CHEAT_CHECKS_RESULT (", resp.size(), " bytes, ",
                     checkCount, " checks, checksum=0x",
                     [&]{char s[12];snprintf(s,12,"%08x",checksum);return std::string(s);}(), ")");
            break;
        }

        case 0x03: // WARDEN_SMSG_MODULE_INITIALIZE
            LOG_DEBUG("Warden: MODULE_INITIALIZE (", decrypted.size(), " bytes, no response needed)");
            break;

        default:
            LOG_DEBUG("Warden: Unknown opcode 0x", std::hex, (int)wardenOpcode, std::dec,
                     " (state=", (int)wardenState_, ", size=", decrypted.size(), ")");
            break;
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleAccountDataTimes(network::Packet& packet) {
    LOG_DEBUG("Handling SMSG_ACCOUNT_DATA_TIMES");

    AccountDataTimesData data;
    if (!AccountDataTimesParser::parse(packet, data)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_ACCOUNT_DATA_TIMES");
        return;
    }

    LOG_DEBUG("Account data times received (server time: ", data.serverTime, ")");
}

void GameHandler::handleMotd(network::Packet& packet) {
    LOG_INFO("Handling SMSG_MOTD");

    MotdData data;
    if (!MotdParser::parse(packet, data)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_MOTD");
        return;
    }

    if (!data.isEmpty()) {
        LOG_INFO("========================================");
        LOG_INFO("   MESSAGE OF THE DAY");
        LOG_INFO("========================================");
        for (const auto& line : data.lines) {
            LOG_INFO(line);
            addSystemChatMessage(std::string("MOTD: ") + line);
        }
        // Add a visual separator after MOTD block so subsequent messages don't
        // appear glued to the last MOTD line.
        MessageChatData spacer;
        spacer.type = ChatType::SYSTEM;
        spacer.language = ChatLanguage::UNIVERSAL;
        spacer.message = "";
        addLocalChatMessage(spacer);
        LOG_INFO("========================================");
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleNotification(network::Packet& packet) {
    // SMSG_NOTIFICATION: single null-terminated string
    std::string message = packet.readString();
    if (!message.empty()) {
        LOG_INFO("Server notification: ", message);
        addSystemChatMessage(message);
    }
}

void GameHandler::sendPing() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
        return;
    }

    // Increment sequence number
    pingSequence++;

    LOG_DEBUG("Sending CMSG_PING: sequence=", pingSequence,
              " latencyHintMs=", lastLatency);

    // Record send time for RTT measurement
    pingTimestamp_ = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();

    // Build and send ping packet
    auto packet = PingPacket::build(pingSequence, lastLatency);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::sendRequestVehicleExit() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || vehicleId_ == 0) return;
    // CMSG_REQUEST_VEHICLE_EXIT has no payload — opcode only
    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_REQUEST_VEHICLE_EXIT));
    socket->send(pkt);
    vehicleId_ = 0;  // Optimistically clear; server will confirm via SMSG_PLAYER_VEHICLE_DATA(0)
}

void GameHandler::useEquipmentSet(uint32_t setId) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD) return;
    // CMSG_EQUIPMENT_SET_USE: uint32 setId
    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_EQUIPMENT_SET_USE));
    pkt.writeUInt32(setId);
    socket->send(pkt);
}

void GameHandler::sendMinimapPing(float wowX, float wowY) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD) return;

    // MSG_MINIMAP_PING (CMSG direction): float posX + float posY
    // Server convention: posX = east/west axis = canonical Y (west)
    //                    posY = north/south axis = canonical X (north)
    const float serverX = wowY;  // canonical Y (west) → server posX
    const float serverY = wowX;  // canonical X (north) → server posY

    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MINIMAP_PING));
    pkt.writeFloat(serverX);
    pkt.writeFloat(serverY);
    socket->send(pkt);

    // Add ping locally so the sender sees their own ping immediately
    MinimapPing localPing;
    localPing.senderGuid = activeCharacterGuid_;
    localPing.wowX       = wowX;
    localPing.wowY       = wowY;
    localPing.age        = 0.0f;
    minimapPings_.push_back(localPing);
}

void GameHandler::handlePong(network::Packet& packet) {
    LOG_DEBUG("Handling SMSG_PONG");

    PongData data;
    if (!PongParser::parse(packet, data)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_PONG");
        return;
    }

    // Verify sequence matches
    if (data.sequence != pingSequence) {
        LOG_WARNING("SMSG_PONG sequence mismatch: expected ", pingSequence,
                    ", got ", data.sequence);
        return;
    }

    // Measure round-trip time
    auto rtt = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - pingTimestamp_;
    lastLatency = static_cast<uint32_t>(
        std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(rtt).count());

    LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_PONG acknowledged: sequence=", data.sequence,
              " latencyMs=", lastLatency);
}

uint32_t GameHandler::nextMovementTimestampMs() {
    auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    uint64_t elapsed = static_cast<uint64_t>(
        std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(now - movementClockStart_).count()) + 1ULL;
    if (elapsed > std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
        movementClockStart_ = now;
        elapsed = 1ULL;
    }

    uint32_t candidate = static_cast<uint32_t>(elapsed);
    if (candidate <= lastMovementTimestampMs_) {
        candidate = lastMovementTimestampMs_ + 1U;
        if (candidate == 0) {
            movementClockStart_ = now;
            candidate = 1U;
        }
    }

    lastMovementTimestampMs_ = candidate;
    return candidate;
}

void GameHandler::sendMovement(Opcode opcode) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot send movement in state: ", (int)state);
        return;
    }

    // Block manual movement while taxi is active/mounted, but always allow
    // stop/heartbeat opcodes so stuck states can be recovered.
    bool taxiAllowed =
        (opcode == Opcode::MSG_MOVE_HEARTBEAT) ||
        (opcode == Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP) ||
        (opcode == Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_STRAFE) ||
        (opcode == Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_TURN) ||
        (opcode == Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_SWIM);
    if (!serverMovementAllowed_ && !taxiAllowed) return;
    if ((onTaxiFlight_ || taxiMountActive_) && !taxiAllowed) return;
    if (resurrectPending_ && !taxiAllowed) return;

    // Always send a strictly increasing non-zero client movement clock value.
    const uint32_t movementTime = nextMovementTimestampMs();
    movementInfo.time = movementTime;

    if (opcode == Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_FACING &&
        (isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc"))) {
        const float facingDelta = core::coords::normalizeAngleRad(
            movementInfo.orientation - lastFacingSentOrientation_);
        const uint32_t sinceLastFacingMs =
            lastFacingSendTimeMs_ != 0 && movementTime >= lastFacingSendTimeMs_
                ? (movementTime - lastFacingSendTimeMs_)
                : std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
        if (std::abs(facingDelta) < 0.02f && sinceLastFacingMs < 200U) {
            return;
        }
    }

    // Update movement flags based on opcode
    switch (opcode) {
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_FORWARD:
            movementInfo.flags |= static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::FORWARD);
            break;
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_BACKWARD:
            movementInfo.flags |= static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::BACKWARD);
            break;
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP:
            movementInfo.flags &= ~(static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::FORWARD) |
                                    static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::BACKWARD));
            break;
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_STRAFE_LEFT:
            movementInfo.flags |= static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::STRAFE_LEFT);
            break;
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_STRAFE_RIGHT:
            movementInfo.flags |= static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::STRAFE_RIGHT);
            break;
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_STRAFE:
            movementInfo.flags &= ~(static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::STRAFE_LEFT) |
                                    static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::STRAFE_RIGHT));
            break;
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_JUMP:
            movementInfo.flags |= static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::FALLING);
            // Record fall start and capture horizontal velocity for jump fields.
            isFalling_ = true;
            fallStartMs_ = movementInfo.time;
            movementInfo.fallTime = 0;
            // jumpVelocity: WoW convention is the upward speed at launch.
            movementInfo.jumpVelocity = 7.96f; // WOW_JUMP_VELOCITY from CameraController
            {
                // Facing direction encodes the horizontal movement direction at launch.
                const float facingRad = movementInfo.orientation;
                movementInfo.jumpCosAngle = std::cos(facingRad);
                movementInfo.jumpSinAngle = std::sin(facingRad);
                // Horizontal speed: only non-zero when actually moving at jump time.
                const uint32_t horizFlags =
                    static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::FORWARD) |
                    static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::BACKWARD) |
                    static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::STRAFE_LEFT) |
                    static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::STRAFE_RIGHT);
                const bool movingHoriz = (movementInfo.flags & horizFlags) != 0;
                if (movingHoriz) {
                    const bool isWalking = (movementInfo.flags & static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::WALKING)) != 0;
                    movementInfo.jumpXYSpeed = isWalking ? 2.5f : (serverRunSpeed_ > 0.0f ? serverRunSpeed_ : 7.0f);
                } else {
                    movementInfo.jumpXYSpeed = 0.0f;
                }
            }
            break;
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_TURN_LEFT:
            movementInfo.flags |= static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::TURN_LEFT);
            break;
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_TURN_RIGHT:
            movementInfo.flags |= static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::TURN_RIGHT);
            break;
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_TURN:
            movementInfo.flags &= ~(static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::TURN_LEFT) |
                                    static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::TURN_RIGHT));
            break;
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_FALL_LAND:
            movementInfo.flags &= ~static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::FALLING);
            isFalling_ = false;
            fallStartMs_ = 0;
            movementInfo.fallTime = 0;
            movementInfo.jumpVelocity = 0.0f;
            movementInfo.jumpSinAngle = 0.0f;
            movementInfo.jumpCosAngle = 0.0f;
            movementInfo.jumpXYSpeed = 0.0f;
            break;
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_HEARTBEAT:
            // No flag changes — just sends current position
            timeSinceLastMoveHeartbeat_ = 0.0f;
            break;
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_ASCEND:
            movementInfo.flags |= static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::ASCENDING);
            break;
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_ASCEND:
            // Clears ascending (and descending) — one stop opcode for both directions
            movementInfo.flags &= ~static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::ASCENDING);
            break;
        case Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_DESCEND:
            // Descending: no separate flag; clear ASCENDING so they don't conflict
            movementInfo.flags &= ~static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::ASCENDING);
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }

    if (opcode == Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_FACING) {
        lastFacingSendTimeMs_ = movementInfo.time;
        lastFacingSentOrientation_ = movementInfo.orientation;
    }

    // Keep fallTime current: it must equal the elapsed milliseconds since FALLING
    // was set, so the server can compute fall damage correctly.
    if (isFalling_ && movementInfo.hasFlag(MovementFlags::FALLING)) {
        // movementInfo.time is the strictly-increasing client clock (ms).
        // Subtract fallStartMs_ to get elapsed fall time; clamp to non-negative.
        uint32_t elapsed = (movementInfo.time >= fallStartMs_)
                               ? (movementInfo.time - fallStartMs_)
                               : 0u;
        movementInfo.fallTime = elapsed;
    } else if (!movementInfo.hasFlag(MovementFlags::FALLING)) {
        // Ensure fallTime is zeroed whenever we're not falling.
        if (isFalling_) {
            isFalling_ = false;
            fallStartMs_ = 0;
        }
        movementInfo.fallTime = 0;
    }

    if (onTaxiFlight_ || taxiMountActive_ || taxiActivatePending_ || taxiClientActive_) {
        sanitizeMovementForTaxi();
    }

    bool includeTransportInWire = isOnTransport();
    if (includeTransportInWire && transportManager_) {
        if (auto* tr = transportManager_->getTransport(playerTransportGuid_); tr && tr->isM2) {
            // Client-detected M2 elevators/trams are not always server-recognized transports.
            // Sending ONTRANSPORT for these can trigger bad fall-state corrections server-side.
            includeTransportInWire = false;
        }
    }

    // Add transport data if player is on a server-recognized transport
    if (includeTransportInWire) {
        // Keep authoritative world position synchronized to parent transport transform
        // so heartbeats/corrections don't drag the passenger through geometry.
        if (transportManager_) {
            glm::vec3 composed = transportManager_->getPlayerWorldPosition(playerTransportGuid_, playerTransportOffset_);
            movementInfo.x = composed.x;
            movementInfo.y = composed.y;
            movementInfo.z = composed.z;
        }
        movementInfo.flags |= static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::ONTRANSPORT);
        movementInfo.transportGuid = playerTransportGuid_;
        movementInfo.transportX = playerTransportOffset_.x;
        movementInfo.transportY = playerTransportOffset_.y;
        movementInfo.transportZ = playerTransportOffset_.z;
        movementInfo.transportTime = movementInfo.time;
        movementInfo.transportSeat = -1;
        movementInfo.transportTime2 = movementInfo.time;

        // ONTRANSPORT expects local orientation (player yaw relative to transport yaw).
        // Keep internal yaw canonical; convert to server yaw on the wire.
        float transportYawCanonical = 0.0f;
        if (transportManager_) {
            if (auto* tr = transportManager_->getTransport(playerTransportGuid_); tr) {
                if (tr->hasServerYaw) {
                    transportYawCanonical = tr->serverYaw;
                } else {
                    transportYawCanonical = glm::eulerAngles(tr->rotation).z;
                }
            }
        }

        movementInfo.transportO =
            core::coords::normalizeAngleRad(movementInfo.orientation - transportYawCanonical);
    } else {
        // Clear transport flag if not on transport
        movementInfo.flags &= ~static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::ONTRANSPORT);
        movementInfo.transportGuid = 0;
        movementInfo.transportSeat = -1;
    }

    if (opcode == Opcode::MSG_MOVE_HEARTBEAT && isClassicLikeExpansion()) {
        const uint32_t locomotionFlags =
            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::FORWARD) |
            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::BACKWARD) |
            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::STRAFE_LEFT) |
            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::STRAFE_RIGHT) |
            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::TURN_LEFT) |
            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::TURN_RIGHT) |
            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::ASCENDING) |
            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::FALLING) |
            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::FALLINGFAR) |
            static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::SWIMMING);
        const bool stationaryIdle =
            !onTaxiFlight_ &&
            !taxiMountActive_ &&
            !taxiActivatePending_ &&
            !taxiClientActive_ &&
            !includeTransportInWire &&
            (movementInfo.flags & locomotionFlags) == 0;
        const uint32_t sinceLastHeartbeatMs =
            lastHeartbeatSendTimeMs_ != 0 && movementTime >= lastHeartbeatSendTimeMs_
                ? (movementTime - lastHeartbeatSendTimeMs_)
                : std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
        const bool unchangedState =
            std::abs(movementInfo.x - lastHeartbeatX_) < 0.01f &&
            std::abs(movementInfo.y - lastHeartbeatY_) < 0.01f &&
            std::abs(movementInfo.z - lastHeartbeatZ_) < 0.01f &&
            movementInfo.flags == lastHeartbeatFlags_ &&
            movementInfo.transportGuid == lastHeartbeatTransportGuid_;
        if (stationaryIdle && unchangedState && sinceLastHeartbeatMs < 1500U) {
            timeSinceLastMoveHeartbeat_ = 0.0f;
            return;
        }
        const uint32_t sinceLastNonHeartbeatMoveMs =
            lastNonHeartbeatMoveSendTimeMs_ != 0 && movementTime >= lastNonHeartbeatMoveSendTimeMs_
                ? (movementTime - lastNonHeartbeatMoveSendTimeMs_)
                : std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
        if (sinceLastNonHeartbeatMoveMs < 350U) {
            timeSinceLastMoveHeartbeat_ = 0.0f;
            return;
        }
    }

    LOG_DEBUG("Sending movement packet: opcode=0x", std::hex,
              wireOpcode(opcode), std::dec,
              (includeTransportInWire ? " ONTRANSPORT" : ""));

    // Convert canonical → server coordinates for the wire
    MovementInfo wireInfo = movementInfo;
    glm::vec3 serverPos = core::coords::canonicalToServer(glm::vec3(wireInfo.x, wireInfo.y, wireInfo.z));
    wireInfo.x = serverPos.x;
    wireInfo.y = serverPos.y;
    wireInfo.z = serverPos.z;

    // Convert canonical → server yaw for the wire
    wireInfo.orientation = core::coords::canonicalToServerYaw(wireInfo.orientation);

    // Also convert transport local position to server coordinates if on transport
    if (includeTransportInWire) {
        glm::vec3 serverTransportPos = core::coords::canonicalToServer(
            glm::vec3(wireInfo.transportX, wireInfo.transportY, wireInfo.transportZ));
        wireInfo.transportX = serverTransportPos.x;
        wireInfo.transportY = serverTransportPos.y;
        wireInfo.transportZ = serverTransportPos.z;
        // transportO is a local delta; server<->canonical swap negates delta yaw.
        wireInfo.transportO = core::coords::normalizeAngleRad(-wireInfo.transportO);
    }

    // Build and send movement packet (expansion-specific format)
    auto packet = packetParsers_
        ? packetParsers_->buildMovementPacket(opcode, wireInfo, playerGuid)
        : MovementPacket::build(opcode, wireInfo, playerGuid);
    socket->send(packet);

    if (opcode == Opcode::MSG_MOVE_HEARTBEAT) {
        lastHeartbeatSendTimeMs_ = movementInfo.time;
        lastHeartbeatX_ = movementInfo.x;
        lastHeartbeatY_ = movementInfo.y;
        lastHeartbeatZ_ = movementInfo.z;
        lastHeartbeatFlags_ = movementInfo.flags;
        lastHeartbeatTransportGuid_ = movementInfo.transportGuid;
    } else {
        lastNonHeartbeatMoveSendTimeMs_ = movementInfo.time;
    }
}

void GameHandler::sanitizeMovementForTaxi() {
    constexpr uint32_t kClearTaxiFlags =
        static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::FORWARD) |
        static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::BACKWARD) |
        static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::STRAFE_LEFT) |
        static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::STRAFE_RIGHT) |
        static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::TURN_LEFT) |
        static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::TURN_RIGHT) |
        static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::PITCH_UP) |
        static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::PITCH_DOWN) |
        static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::FALLING) |
        static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::FALLINGFAR) |
        static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::SWIMMING);

    movementInfo.flags &= ~kClearTaxiFlags;
    movementInfo.fallTime = 0;
    movementInfo.jumpVelocity = 0.0f;
    movementInfo.jumpSinAngle = 0.0f;
    movementInfo.jumpCosAngle = 0.0f;
    movementInfo.jumpXYSpeed = 0.0f;
    movementInfo.pitch = 0.0f;
}

void GameHandler::forceClearTaxiAndMovementState() {
    taxiActivatePending_ = false;
    taxiActivateTimer_ = 0.0f;
    taxiClientActive_ = false;
    taxiClientPath_.clear();
    taxiRecoverPending_ = false;
    taxiStartGrace_ = 0.0f;
    onTaxiFlight_ = false;

    if (taxiMountActive_ && mountCallback_) {
        mountCallback_(0);
    }
    taxiMountActive_ = false;
    taxiMountDisplayId_ = 0;
    currentMountDisplayId_ = 0;
    vehicleId_ = 0;
    resurrectPending_ = false;
    resurrectRequestPending_ = false;
    playerDead_ = false;
    releasedSpirit_ = false;
    corpseGuid_ = 0;
    repopPending_ = false;
    pendingSpiritHealerGuid_ = 0;
    resurrectCasterGuid_ = 0;

    movementInfo.flags = 0;
    movementInfo.flags2 = 0;
    movementInfo.transportGuid = 0;
    clearPlayerTransport();

    if (socket && state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
        sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP);
        sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_STRAFE);
        sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_TURN);
        sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_SWIM);
        sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_HEARTBEAT);
    }

    LOG_INFO("Force-cleared taxi/movement state");
}

void GameHandler::setPosition(float x, float y, float z) {
    movementInfo.x = x;
    movementInfo.y = y;
    movementInfo.z = z;
}

void GameHandler::setOrientation(float orientation) {
    movementInfo.orientation = orientation;
}

void GameHandler::handleUpdateObject(network::Packet& packet) {
    UpdateObjectData data;
    if (!packetParsers_->parseUpdateObject(packet, data)) {
        static int updateObjErrors = 0;
        if (++updateObjErrors <= 5)
            LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_UPDATE_OBJECT");
        if (data.blocks.empty()) return;
        // Fall through: process any blocks that were successfully parsed before the failure.
    }

    enqueueUpdateObjectWork(std::move(data));
}

void GameHandler::processOutOfRangeObjects(const std::vector<uint64_t>& guids) {
    // Process out-of-range objects first
    for (uint64_t guid : guids) {
        auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(guid);
        if (!entity) continue;

        const bool isKnownTransport = transportGuids_.count(guid) > 0;
        if (isKnownTransport) {
            // Keep transports alive across out-of-range flapping.
            // Boats/zeppelins are global movers and removing them here can make
            // them disappear until a later movement snapshot happens to recreate them.
            const bool playerAboardNow = (playerTransportGuid_ == guid);
            const bool stickyAboard = (playerTransportStickyGuid_ == guid && playerTransportStickyTimer_ > 0.0f);
            const bool movementSaysAboard = (movementInfo.transportGuid == guid);
            LOG_INFO("Preserving transport on out-of-range: 0x",
                     std::hex, guid, std::dec,
                     " now=", playerAboardNow,
                     " sticky=", stickyAboard,
                     " movement=", movementSaysAboard);
            continue;
        }

        LOG_DEBUG("Entity went out of range: 0x", std::hex, guid, std::dec);
        // Trigger despawn callbacks before removing entity
        if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT && creatureDespawnCallback_) {
            creatureDespawnCallback_(guid);
        } else if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::PLAYER && playerDespawnCallback_) {
            playerDespawnCallback_(guid);
            otherPlayerVisibleItemEntries_.erase(guid);
            otherPlayerVisibleDirty_.erase(guid);
            otherPlayerMoveTimeMs_.erase(guid);
            inspectedPlayerItemEntries_.erase(guid);
            pendingAutoInspect_.erase(guid);
            // Clear pending name query so the query is re-sent when this player
            // comes back into range (entity is recreated as a new object).
            pendingNameQueries.erase(guid);
        } else if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::GAMEOBJECT && gameObjectDespawnCallback_) {
            gameObjectDespawnCallback_(guid);
        }
        transportGuids_.erase(guid);
        serverUpdatedTransportGuids_.erase(guid);
        clearTransportAttachment(guid);
        if (playerTransportGuid_ == guid) {
            clearPlayerTransport();
        }
        entityManager.removeEntity(guid);
    }

}

void GameHandler::applyUpdateObjectBlock(const UpdateBlock& block, bool& newItemCreated) {
    static const bool kVerboseUpdateObject = envFlagEnabled("WOWEE_LOG_UPDATE_OBJECT_VERBOSE", false);
    auto extractPlayerAppearance = [&](const std::map<uint16_t, uint32_t>& fields,
                                       uint8_t& outRace,
                                       uint8_t& outGender,
                                       uint32_t& outAppearanceBytes,
                                       uint8_t& outFacial) -> bool {
        outRace = 0;
        outGender = 0;
        outAppearanceBytes = 0;
        outFacial = 0;

        auto readField = [&](uint16_t idx, uint32_t& out) -> bool {
            if (idx == 0xFFFF) return false;
            auto it = fields.find(idx);
            if (it == fields.end()) return false;
            out = it->second;
            return true;
        };

        uint32_t bytes0 = 0;
        uint32_t pbytes = 0;
        uint32_t pbytes2 = 0;

        const uint16_t ufBytes0 = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_BYTES_0);
        const uint16_t ufPbytes = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_BYTES);
        const uint16_t ufPbytes2 = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_BYTES_2);

        bool haveBytes0 = readField(ufBytes0, bytes0);
        bool havePbytes = readField(ufPbytes, pbytes);
        bool havePbytes2 = readField(ufPbytes2, pbytes2);

        // Heuristic fallback: Turtle can run with unusual build numbers; if the JSON table is missing,
        // try to locate plausible packed fields by scanning.
        if (!haveBytes0) {
            for (const auto& [idx, v] : fields) {
                uint8_t race = static_cast<uint8_t>(v & 0xFF);
                uint8_t cls = static_cast<uint8_t>((v >> 8) & 0xFF);
                uint8_t gender = static_cast<uint8_t>((v >> 16) & 0xFF);
                uint8_t power = static_cast<uint8_t>((v >> 24) & 0xFF);
                if (race >= 1 && race <= 20 &&
                    cls >= 1 && cls <= 20 &&
                    gender <= 1 &&
                    power <= 10) {
                    bytes0 = v;
                    haveBytes0 = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        if (!havePbytes) {
            for (const auto& [idx, v] : fields) {
                uint8_t skin = static_cast<uint8_t>(v & 0xFF);
                uint8_t face = static_cast<uint8_t>((v >> 8) & 0xFF);
                uint8_t hair = static_cast<uint8_t>((v >> 16) & 0xFF);
                uint8_t color = static_cast<uint8_t>((v >> 24) & 0xFF);
                if (skin <= 50 && face <= 50 && hair <= 100 && color <= 50) {
                    pbytes = v;
                    havePbytes = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        if (!havePbytes2) {
            for (const auto& [idx, v] : fields) {
                uint8_t facial = static_cast<uint8_t>(v & 0xFF);
                if (facial <= 100) {
                    pbytes2 = v;
                    havePbytes2 = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        if (!haveBytes0 || !havePbytes) return false;

        outRace = static_cast<uint8_t>(bytes0 & 0xFF);
        outGender = static_cast<uint8_t>((bytes0 >> 16) & 0xFF);
        outAppearanceBytes = pbytes;
        outFacial = havePbytes2 ? static_cast<uint8_t>(pbytes2 & 0xFF) : 0;
        return true;
    };

    auto maybeDetectCoinageIndex = [&](const std::map<uint16_t, uint32_t>& oldFields,
                                       const std::map<uint16_t, uint32_t>& newFields) {
        if (pendingMoneyDelta_ == 0 || pendingMoneyDeltaTimer_ <= 0.0f) return;
        if (oldFields.empty() || newFields.empty()) return;

        constexpr uint32_t kMaxPlausibleCoinage = 2147483647u;
        std::vector<uint16_t> candidates;
        candidates.reserve(8);

        for (const auto& [idx, newVal] : newFields) {
            auto itOld = oldFields.find(idx);
            if (itOld == oldFields.end()) continue;
            uint32_t oldVal = itOld->second;
            if (newVal < oldVal) continue;
            uint32_t delta = newVal - oldVal;
            if (delta != pendingMoneyDelta_) continue;
            if (newVal > kMaxPlausibleCoinage) continue;
            candidates.push_back(idx);
        }

        if (candidates.empty()) return;

        uint16_t current = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_FIELD_COINAGE);
        uint16_t chosen = candidates[0];
        if (std::find(candidates.begin(), candidates.end(), current) != candidates.end()) {
            chosen = current;
        } else {
            std::sort(candidates.begin(), candidates.end());
            chosen = candidates[0];
        }

        if (chosen != current && current != 0xFFFF) {
            updateFieldTable_.setIndex(UF::PLAYER_FIELD_COINAGE, chosen);
            LOG_WARNING("Auto-detected PLAYER_FIELD_COINAGE index: ", chosen, " (was ", current, ")");
        }

        pendingMoneyDelta_ = 0;
        pendingMoneyDeltaTimer_ = 0.0f;
    };

    switch (block.updateType) {
        case UpdateType::CREATE_OBJECT:
        case UpdateType::CREATE_OBJECT2: {
            // Create new entity
            std::shared_ptr<Entity> entity;

            switch (block.objectType) {
                case ObjectType::PLAYER:
                    entity = std::make_shared<Player>(block.guid);
                    break;

                case ObjectType::UNIT:
                    entity = std::make_shared<Unit>(block.guid);
                    break;

                case ObjectType::GAMEOBJECT:
                    entity = std::make_shared<GameObject>(block.guid);
                    break;

                default:
                    entity = std::make_shared<Entity>(block.guid);
                    entity->setType(block.objectType);
                    break;
            }

            // Set position from movement block (server → canonical)
            if (block.hasMovement) {
                glm::vec3 pos = core::coords::serverToCanonical(glm::vec3(block.x, block.y, block.z));
                float oCanonical = core::coords::serverToCanonicalYaw(block.orientation);
                entity->setPosition(pos.x, pos.y, pos.z, oCanonical);
                LOG_DEBUG("  Position: (", pos.x, ", ", pos.y, ", ", pos.z, ")");
                if (block.guid == playerGuid && block.runSpeed > 0.1f && block.runSpeed < 100.0f) {
                    serverRunSpeed_ = block.runSpeed;
                }
                // Track player-on-transport state
                if (block.guid == playerGuid) {
                    if (block.onTransport) {
                        setPlayerOnTransport(block.transportGuid, glm::vec3(0.0f));
                        // Convert transport offset from server → canonical coordinates
                        glm::vec3 serverOffset(block.transportX, block.transportY, block.transportZ);
                        playerTransportOffset_ = core::coords::serverToCanonical(serverOffset);
                        if (transportManager_ && transportManager_->getTransport(playerTransportGuid_)) {
                            glm::vec3 composed = transportManager_->getPlayerWorldPosition(playerTransportGuid_, playerTransportOffset_);
                            entity->setPosition(composed.x, composed.y, composed.z, oCanonical);
                            movementInfo.x = composed.x;
                            movementInfo.y = composed.y;
                            movementInfo.z = composed.z;
                        }
                        LOG_INFO("Player on transport: 0x", std::hex, playerTransportGuid_, std::dec,
                                " offset=(", playerTransportOffset_.x, ", ", playerTransportOffset_.y, ", ", playerTransportOffset_.z, ")");
                    } else {
                        // Don't clear client-side M2 transport boarding (trams) —
                        // the server doesn't know about client-detected transport attachment.
                        bool isClientM2Transport = false;
                        if (playerTransportGuid_ != 0 && transportManager_) {
                            auto* tr = transportManager_->getTransport(playerTransportGuid_);
                            isClientM2Transport = (tr && tr->isM2);
                        }
                        if (playerTransportGuid_ != 0 && !isClientM2Transport) {
                            LOG_INFO("Player left transport");
                            clearPlayerTransport();
                        }
                    }
                }

                // Track transport-relative children so they follow parent transport motion.
                if (block.guid != playerGuid &&
                    (block.objectType == ObjectType::UNIT || block.objectType == ObjectType::GAMEOBJECT)) {
                    if (block.onTransport && block.transportGuid != 0) {
                        glm::vec3 localOffset = core::coords::serverToCanonical(
                            glm::vec3(block.transportX, block.transportY, block.transportZ));
                        const bool hasLocalOrientation = (block.updateFlags & 0x0020) != 0; // UPDATEFLAG_LIVING
                        float localOriCanonical = core::coords::normalizeAngleRad(-block.transportO);
                        setTransportAttachment(block.guid, block.objectType, block.transportGuid,
                                               localOffset, hasLocalOrientation, localOriCanonical);
                        if (transportManager_ && transportManager_->getTransport(block.transportGuid)) {
                            glm::vec3 composed = transportManager_->getPlayerWorldPosition(block.transportGuid, localOffset);
                            entity->setPosition(composed.x, composed.y, composed.z, entity->getOrientation());
                        }
                    } else {
                        clearTransportAttachment(block.guid);
                    }
                }
            }

            // Set fields
            for (const auto& field : block.fields) {
                entity->setField(field.first, field.second);
            }

            // Add to manager
            entityManager.addEntity(block.guid, entity);

            // For the local player, capture the full initial field state (CREATE_OBJECT carries the
            // large baseline update-field set, including visible item fields on many cores).
            // Later VALUES updates often only include deltas and may never touch visible item fields.
            if (block.guid == playerGuid && block.objectType == ObjectType::PLAYER) {
                lastPlayerFields_ = entity->getFields();
                maybeDetectVisibleItemLayout();
            }

            // Auto-query names (Phase 1)
            if (block.objectType == ObjectType::PLAYER) {
                queryPlayerName(block.guid);
                if (block.guid != playerGuid) {
                    updateOtherPlayerVisibleItems(block.guid, entity->getFields());
                }
            } else if (block.objectType == ObjectType::UNIT) {
                auto it = block.fields.find(fieldIndex(UF::OBJECT_FIELD_ENTRY));
                if (it != block.fields.end() && it->second != 0) {
                    auto unit = std::static_pointer_cast<Unit>(entity);
                    unit->setEntry(it->second);
                    // Set name from cache immediately if available
                    std::string cached = getCachedCreatureName(it->second);
                    if (!cached.empty()) {
                        unit->setName(cached);
                    }
                    queryCreatureInfo(it->second, block.guid);
                }
            }

            // Extract health/mana/power from fields (Phase 2) — single pass
            if (block.objectType == ObjectType::UNIT || block.objectType == ObjectType::PLAYER) {
                auto unit = std::static_pointer_cast<Unit>(entity);
                constexpr uint32_t UNIT_DYNFLAG_DEAD = 0x0008;
                constexpr uint32_t UNIT_DYNFLAG_LOOTABLE = 0x0001;
                bool unitInitiallyDead = false;
                const uint16_t ufHealth = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_HEALTH);
                const uint16_t ufPowerBase = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_POWER1);
                const uint16_t ufMaxHealth = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_MAXHEALTH);
                const uint16_t ufMaxPowerBase = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_MAXPOWER1);
                const uint16_t ufLevel = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_LEVEL);
                const uint16_t ufFaction = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_FACTIONTEMPLATE);
                const uint16_t ufFlags = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_FLAGS);
                const uint16_t ufDynFlags = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_DYNAMIC_FLAGS);
                const uint16_t ufDisplayId = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_DISPLAYID);
                const uint16_t ufMountDisplayId = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_MOUNTDISPLAYID);
                const uint16_t ufNpcFlags = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_NPC_FLAGS);
                const uint16_t ufBytes0 = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_BYTES_0);
                for (const auto& [key, val] : block.fields) {
                    // Check all specific fields BEFORE power/maxpower range checks.
                    // In Classic, power indices (23-27) are adjacent to maxHealth (28),
                    // and maxPower indices (29-33) are adjacent to level (34) and faction (35).
                    // A range check like "key >= powerBase && key < powerBase+7" would
                    // incorrectly capture maxHealth/level/faction in Classic's tight layout.
                    if (key == ufHealth) {
                        unit->setHealth(val);
                        if (block.objectType == ObjectType::UNIT && val == 0) {
                            unitInitiallyDead = true;
                        }
                        if (block.guid == playerGuid && val == 0) {
                            playerDead_ = true;
                            LOG_INFO("Player logged in dead");
                        }
                    } else if (key == ufMaxHealth) { unit->setMaxHealth(val); }
                    else if (key == ufLevel) {
                        unit->setLevel(val);
                    } else if (key == ufFaction) { unit->setFactionTemplate(val); }
                    else if (key == ufFlags) { unit->setUnitFlags(val); }
                    else if (key == ufBytes0) {
                        unit->setPowerType(static_cast<uint8_t>((val >> 24) & 0xFF));
                    } else if (key == ufDisplayId) { unit->setDisplayId(val); }
                    else if (key == ufNpcFlags) { unit->setNpcFlags(val); }
                    else if (key == ufDynFlags) {
                        unit->setDynamicFlags(val);
                        if (block.objectType == ObjectType::UNIT &&
                            ((val & UNIT_DYNFLAG_DEAD) != 0 || (val & UNIT_DYNFLAG_LOOTABLE) != 0)) {
                            unitInitiallyDead = true;
                        }
                    }
                    // Power/maxpower range checks AFTER all specific fields
                    else if (key >= ufPowerBase && key < ufPowerBase + 7) {
                        unit->setPowerByType(static_cast<uint8_t>(key - ufPowerBase), val);
                    } else if (key >= ufMaxPowerBase && key < ufMaxPowerBase + 7) {
                        unit->setMaxPowerByType(static_cast<uint8_t>(key - ufMaxPowerBase), val);
                    }
                    else if (key == ufMountDisplayId) {
                        if (block.guid == playerGuid) {
                            uint32_t old = currentMountDisplayId_;
                            currentMountDisplayId_ = val;
                            if (val != old && mountCallback_) mountCallback_(val);
                            if (old == 0 && val != 0) {
                                // Just mounted — find the mount aura (indefinite duration, self-cast)
                                mountAuraSpellId_ = 0;
                                for (const auto& a : playerAuras) {
                                    if (!a.isEmpty() && a.maxDurationMs < 0 && a.casterGuid == playerGuid) {
                                        mountAuraSpellId_ = a.spellId;
                                    }
                                }
                                // Classic/vanilla fallback: scan UNIT_FIELD_AURAS from same update block
                                if (mountAuraSpellId_ == 0) {
                                    const uint16_t ufAuras = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_AURAS);
                                    if (ufAuras != 0xFFFF) {
                                        for (const auto& [fk, fv] : block.fields) {
                                            if (fk >= ufAuras && fk < ufAuras + 48 && fv != 0) {
                                                mountAuraSpellId_ = fv;
                                                break;
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                                LOG_INFO("Mount detected: displayId=", val, " auraSpellId=", mountAuraSpellId_);
                            }
                            if (old != 0 && val == 0) {
                                mountAuraSpellId_ = 0;
                                for (auto& a : playerAuras)
                                    if (!a.isEmpty() && a.maxDurationMs < 0) a = AuraSlot{};
                            }
                        }
                        unit->setMountDisplayId(val);
                    } else if (key == ufNpcFlags) { unit->setNpcFlags(val); }
                }
                if (block.guid == playerGuid) {
                    constexpr uint32_t UNIT_FLAG_TAXI_FLIGHT = 0x00000100;
                    if ((unit->getUnitFlags() & UNIT_FLAG_TAXI_FLIGHT) != 0 && !onTaxiFlight_ && taxiLandingCooldown_ <= 0.0f) {
                        onTaxiFlight_ = true;
                        taxiStartGrace_ = std::max(taxiStartGrace_, 2.0f);
                        sanitizeMovementForTaxi();
                        applyTaxiMountForCurrentNode();
                    }
                }
                if (block.guid == playerGuid &&
                    (unit->getDynamicFlags() & UNIT_DYNFLAG_DEAD) != 0) {
                    playerDead_ = true;
                    LOG_INFO("Player logged in dead (dynamic flags)");
                }
                // Detect ghost state on login via PLAYER_FLAGS
                if (block.guid == playerGuid) {
                    constexpr uint32_t PLAYER_FLAGS_GHOST = 0x00000010;
                    auto pfIt = block.fields.find(fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_FLAGS));
                    if (pfIt != block.fields.end() && (pfIt->second & PLAYER_FLAGS_GHOST) != 0) {
                        releasedSpirit_ = true;
                        playerDead_ = true;
                        LOG_INFO("Player logged in as ghost (PLAYER_FLAGS)");
                        if (ghostStateCallback_) ghostStateCallback_(true);
                    }
                }
                // Classic: rebuild playerAuras from UNIT_FIELD_AURAS on initial object create
                if (block.guid == playerGuid && isClassicLikeExpansion()) {
                    const uint16_t ufAuras     = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_AURAS);
                    const uint16_t ufAuraFlags = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_AURAFLAGS);
                    if (ufAuras != 0xFFFF) {
                        bool hasAuraField = false;
                        for (const auto& [fk, fv] : block.fields) {
                            if (fk >= ufAuras && fk < ufAuras + 48) { hasAuraField = true; break; }
                        }
                        if (hasAuraField) {
                            playerAuras.clear();
                            playerAuras.resize(48);
                            uint64_t nowMs = static_cast<uint64_t>(
                                std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
                                    std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
                            const auto& allFields = entity->getFields();
                            for (int slot = 0; slot < 48; ++slot) {
                                auto it = allFields.find(static_cast<uint16_t>(ufAuras + slot));
                                if (it != allFields.end() && it->second != 0) {
                                    AuraSlot& a = playerAuras[slot];
                                    a.spellId = it->second;
                                    // Read aura flag byte: packed 4-per-uint32 at ufAuraFlags
                                    // Classic flags: 0x01=cancelable, 0x02=harmful, 0x04=helpful
                                    // Normalize to WotLK convention: 0x80 = negative (debuff)
                                    uint8_t classicFlag = 0;
                                    if (ufAuraFlags != 0xFFFF) {
                                        auto fit = allFields.find(static_cast<uint16_t>(ufAuraFlags + slot / 4));
                                        if (fit != allFields.end())
                                            classicFlag = static_cast<uint8_t>((fit->second >> ((slot % 4) * 8)) & 0xFF);
                                    }
                                    // Map Classic harmful bit (0x02) → WotLK debuff bit (0x80)
                                    a.flags = (classicFlag & 0x02) ? 0x80u : 0u;
                                    a.durationMs = -1;
                                    a.maxDurationMs = -1;
                                    a.casterGuid = playerGuid;
                                    a.receivedAtMs = nowMs;
                                }
                            }
                            LOG_DEBUG("[Classic] Rebuilt playerAuras from UNIT_FIELD_AURAS (CREATE_OBJECT)");
                        }
                    }
                }
                // Determine hostility from faction template for online creatures.
                // Always call isHostileFaction — factionTemplate=0 defaults to hostile
                // in the lookup rather than silently staying at the struct default (false).
                unit->setHostile(isHostileFaction(unit->getFactionTemplate()));
            // Trigger creature spawn callback for units/players with displayId
                if (block.objectType == ObjectType::UNIT && unit->getDisplayId() == 0) {
                    LOG_WARNING("[Spawn] UNIT guid=0x", std::hex, block.guid, std::dec,
                              " has displayId=0 — no spawn (entry=", unit->getEntry(),
                              " at ", unit->getX(), ",", unit->getY(), ",", unit->getZ(), ")");
                }
                if ((block.objectType == ObjectType::UNIT || block.objectType == ObjectType::PLAYER) && unit->getDisplayId() != 0) {
                    if (block.objectType == ObjectType::PLAYER && block.guid == playerGuid) {
                        // Skip local player — spawned separately via spawnPlayerCharacter()
                    } else if (block.objectType == ObjectType::PLAYER) {
                        if (playerSpawnCallback_) {
                            uint8_t race = 0, gender = 0, facial = 0;
                            uint32_t appearanceBytes = 0;
                            // Use the entity's accumulated field state, not just this block's changed fields.
                            if (extractPlayerAppearance(entity->getFields(), race, gender, appearanceBytes, facial)) {
                                playerSpawnCallback_(block.guid, unit->getDisplayId(), race, gender,
                                                    appearanceBytes, facial,
                                                    unit->getX(), unit->getY(), unit->getZ(), unit->getOrientation());
                            } else {
                                LOG_WARNING("[Spawn] PLAYER guid=0x", std::hex, block.guid, std::dec,
                                          " displayId=", unit->getDisplayId(), " appearance extraction failed — model will not render");
                            }
                        }
                    } else if (creatureSpawnCallback_) {
                        LOG_DEBUG("[Spawn] UNIT guid=0x", std::hex, block.guid, std::dec,
                                  " displayId=", unit->getDisplayId(), " at (",
                                  unit->getX(), ",", unit->getY(), ",", unit->getZ(), ")");
                        float unitScale = 1.0f;
                        {
                            uint16_t scaleIdx = fieldIndex(UF::OBJECT_FIELD_SCALE_X);
                            if (scaleIdx != 0xFFFF) {
                                uint32_t raw = entity->getField(scaleIdx);
                                if (raw != 0) {
                                    std::memcpy(&unitScale, &raw, sizeof(float));
                                    if (unitScale <= 0.01f || unitScale > 100.0f) unitScale = 1.0f;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        creatureSpawnCallback_(block.guid, unit->getDisplayId(),
                            unit->getX(), unit->getY(), unit->getZ(), unit->getOrientation(), unitScale);
                        if (unitInitiallyDead && npcDeathCallback_) {
                            npcDeathCallback_(block.guid);
                        }
                    }
                    // Initialise swim/walk state from spawn-time movement flags (cold-join fix).
                    // Without this, an entity already swimming/walking when the client joins
                    // won't get its animation state set until the next MSG_MOVE_* heartbeat.
                    if (block.hasMovement && block.moveFlags != 0 && unitMoveFlagsCallback_ &&
                        block.guid != playerGuid) {
                        unitMoveFlagsCallback_(block.guid, block.moveFlags);
                    }
                    // Query quest giver status for NPCs with questgiver flag (0x02)
                    if (block.objectType == ObjectType::UNIT && (unit->getNpcFlags() & 0x02) && socket) {
                        network::Packet qsPkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_QUESTGIVER_STATUS_QUERY));
                        qsPkt.writeUInt64(block.guid);
                        socket->send(qsPkt);
                    }
                }
            }
            // Extract displayId and entry for gameobjects (3.3.5a: GAMEOBJECT_DISPLAYID = field 8)
            if (block.objectType == ObjectType::GAMEOBJECT) {
                auto go = std::static_pointer_cast<GameObject>(entity);
                auto itDisp = block.fields.find(fieldIndex(UF::GAMEOBJECT_DISPLAYID));
                if (itDisp != block.fields.end()) {
                    go->setDisplayId(itDisp->second);
                }
                auto itEntry = block.fields.find(fieldIndex(UF::OBJECT_FIELD_ENTRY));
                if (itEntry != block.fields.end() && itEntry->second != 0) {
                    go->setEntry(itEntry->second);
                    auto cacheIt = gameObjectInfoCache_.find(itEntry->second);
                    if (cacheIt != gameObjectInfoCache_.end()) {
                        go->setName(cacheIt->second.name);
                    }
                    queryGameObjectInfo(itEntry->second, block.guid);
                }
                // Detect transport GameObjects via UPDATEFLAG_TRANSPORT (0x0002)
                LOG_DEBUG("GameObject CREATE: guid=0x", std::hex, block.guid, std::dec,
                         " entry=", go->getEntry(), " displayId=", go->getDisplayId(),
                         " updateFlags=0x", std::hex, block.updateFlags, std::dec,
                         " pos=(", go->getX(), ", ", go->getY(), ", ", go->getZ(), ")");
                if (block.updateFlags & 0x0002) {
                    transportGuids_.insert(block.guid);
                    LOG_INFO("Detected transport GameObject: 0x", std::hex, block.guid, std::dec,
                             " entry=", go->getEntry(),
                             " displayId=", go->getDisplayId(),
                             " pos=(", go->getX(), ", ", go->getY(), ", ", go->getZ(), ")");
                    // Note: TransportSpawnCallback will be invoked from Application after WMO instance is created
                }
                if (go->getDisplayId() != 0 && gameObjectSpawnCallback_) {
                    float goScale = 1.0f;
                    {
                        uint16_t scaleIdx = fieldIndex(UF::OBJECT_FIELD_SCALE_X);
                        if (scaleIdx != 0xFFFF) {
                            uint32_t raw = entity->getField(scaleIdx);
                            if (raw != 0) {
                                std::memcpy(&goScale, &raw, sizeof(float));
                                if (goScale <= 0.01f || goScale > 100.0f) goScale = 1.0f;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    gameObjectSpawnCallback_(block.guid, go->getEntry(), go->getDisplayId(),
                        go->getX(), go->getY(), go->getZ(), go->getOrientation(), goScale);
                }
                // Fire transport move callback for transports (position update on re-creation)
                if (transportGuids_.count(block.guid) && transportMoveCallback_) {
                    serverUpdatedTransportGuids_.insert(block.guid);
                    transportMoveCallback_(block.guid,
                        go->getX(), go->getY(), go->getZ(), go->getOrientation());
                }
            }
            // Detect player's own corpse object so we have the position even when
            // SMSG_DEATH_RELEASE_LOC hasn't been received (e.g. login as ghost).
            if (block.objectType == ObjectType::CORPSE && block.hasMovement) {
                // CORPSE_FIELD_OWNER is at index 6 (uint64, low word at 6, high at 7)
                uint16_t ownerLowIdx = 6;
                auto ownerLowIt = block.fields.find(ownerLowIdx);
                uint32_t ownerLow = (ownerLowIt != block.fields.end()) ? ownerLowIt->second : 0;
                auto ownerHighIt = block.fields.find(ownerLowIdx + 1);
                uint32_t ownerHigh = (ownerHighIt != block.fields.end()) ? ownerHighIt->second : 0;
                uint64_t ownerGuid = (static_cast<uint64_t>(ownerHigh) << 32) | ownerLow;
                if (ownerGuid == playerGuid || ownerLow == static_cast<uint32_t>(playerGuid)) {
                    // Server coords from movement block
                    corpseGuid_  = block.guid;
                    corpseX_     = block.x;
                    corpseY_     = block.y;
                    corpseZ_     = block.z;
                    corpseMapId_ = currentMapId_;
                    LOG_INFO("Corpse object detected: guid=0x", std::hex, corpseGuid_, std::dec,
                             " server=(", block.x, ", ", block.y, ", ", block.z,
                             ") map=", corpseMapId_);
                }
            }

            // Track online item objects (CONTAINER = bags, also tracked as items)
            if (block.objectType == ObjectType::ITEM || block.objectType == ObjectType::CONTAINER) {
                auto entryIt = block.fields.find(fieldIndex(UF::OBJECT_FIELD_ENTRY));
                auto stackIt = block.fields.find(fieldIndex(UF::ITEM_FIELD_STACK_COUNT));
                auto durIt   = block.fields.find(fieldIndex(UF::ITEM_FIELD_DURABILITY));
                auto maxDurIt= block.fields.find(fieldIndex(UF::ITEM_FIELD_MAXDURABILITY));
                if (entryIt != block.fields.end() && entryIt->second != 0) {
                    // Preserve existing info when doing partial updates
                    OnlineItemInfo info = onlineItems_.count(block.guid)
                        ? onlineItems_[block.guid] : OnlineItemInfo{};
                    info.entry = entryIt->second;
                    if (stackIt != block.fields.end()) info.stackCount = stackIt->second;
                    if (durIt   != block.fields.end()) info.curDurability  = durIt->second;
                    if (maxDurIt!= block.fields.end()) info.maxDurability  = maxDurIt->second;
                    bool isNew = (onlineItems_.find(block.guid) == onlineItems_.end());
                    onlineItems_[block.guid] = info;
                    if (isNew) newItemCreated = true;
                    queryItemInfo(info.entry, block.guid);
                }
                // Extract container slot GUIDs for bags
                if (block.objectType == ObjectType::CONTAINER) {
                    extractContainerFields(block.guid, block.fields);
                }
            }

            // Extract XP / inventory slot / skill fields for player entity
            if (block.guid == playerGuid && block.objectType == ObjectType::PLAYER) {
                // Auto-detect coinage index using the previous snapshot vs this full snapshot.
                maybeDetectCoinageIndex(lastPlayerFields_, block.fields);

                lastPlayerFields_ = block.fields;
                detectInventorySlotBases(block.fields);

                if (kVerboseUpdateObject) {
                    uint16_t maxField = 0;
                    for (const auto& [key, _val] : block.fields) {
                        if (key > maxField) maxField = key;
                    }
                    LOG_INFO("Player update with ", block.fields.size(),
                             " fields (max index=", maxField, ")");
                }

                bool slotsChanged = false;
                const uint16_t ufPlayerXp = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_XP);
                const uint16_t ufPlayerNextXp = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_NEXT_LEVEL_XP);
                const uint16_t ufPlayerRestedXp = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_REST_STATE_EXPERIENCE);
                const uint16_t ufPlayerLevel = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_LEVEL);
                const uint16_t ufCoinage = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_FIELD_COINAGE);
                const uint16_t ufArmor = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_RESISTANCES);
                const uint16_t ufPBytes2 = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_BYTES_2);
                const uint16_t ufChosenTitle = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_CHOSEN_TITLE);
                const uint16_t ufStats[5] = {
                    fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_STAT0), fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_STAT1),
                    fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_STAT2), fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_STAT3),
                    fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_STAT4)
                };
                const uint16_t ufMeleeAP   = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_ATTACK_POWER);
                const uint16_t ufRangedAP  = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_RANGED_ATTACK_POWER);
                const uint16_t ufSpDmg1    = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_FIELD_MOD_DAMAGE_DONE_POS);
                const uint16_t ufHealBonus = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_FIELD_MOD_HEALING_DONE_POS);
                const uint16_t ufBlockPct  = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_BLOCK_PERCENTAGE);
                const uint16_t ufDodgePct  = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_DODGE_PERCENTAGE);
                const uint16_t ufParryPct  = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_PARRY_PERCENTAGE);
                const uint16_t ufCritPct   = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_CRIT_PERCENTAGE);
                const uint16_t ufRCritPct  = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_RANGED_CRIT_PERCENTAGE);
                const uint16_t ufSCrit1    = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_SPELL_CRIT_PERCENTAGE1);
                const uint16_t ufRating1   = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_FIELD_COMBAT_RATING_1);
                for (const auto& [key, val] : block.fields) {
                    if (key == ufPlayerXp) { playerXp_ = val; }
                    else if (key == ufPlayerNextXp) { playerNextLevelXp_ = val; }
                    else if (ufPlayerRestedXp != 0xFFFF && key == ufPlayerRestedXp) { playerRestedXp_ = val; }
                    else if (key == ufPlayerLevel) {
                        serverPlayerLevel_ = val;
                        for (auto& ch : characters) {
                            if (ch.guid == playerGuid) { ch.level = val; break; }
                        }
                    }
                    else if (key == ufCoinage) {
                        playerMoneyCopper_ = val;
                        LOG_DEBUG("Money set from update fields: ", val, " copper");
                    }
                    else if (ufArmor != 0xFFFF && key == ufArmor) {
                        playerArmorRating_ = static_cast<int32_t>(val);
                        LOG_DEBUG("Armor rating from update fields: ", playerArmorRating_);
                    }
                    else if (ufArmor != 0xFFFF && key > ufArmor && key <= ufArmor + 6) {
                        playerResistances_[key - ufArmor - 1] = static_cast<int32_t>(val);
                    }
                    else if (ufPBytes2 != 0xFFFF && key == ufPBytes2) {
                        uint8_t bankBagSlots = static_cast<uint8_t>((val >> 16) & 0xFF);
                        LOG_WARNING("PLAYER_BYTES_2 (CREATE): raw=0x", std::hex, val, std::dec,
                                   " bankBagSlots=", static_cast<int>(bankBagSlots));
                        inventory.setPurchasedBankBagSlots(bankBagSlots);
                        // Byte 3 (bits 24-31): REST_STATE
                        // 0 = not resting, 1 = REST_TYPE_IN_TAVERN, 2 = REST_TYPE_IN_CITY
                        uint8_t restStateByte = static_cast<uint8_t>((val >> 24) & 0xFF);
                        isResting_ = (restStateByte != 0);
                    }
                    else if (ufChosenTitle != 0xFFFF && key == ufChosenTitle) {
                        chosenTitleBit_ = static_cast<int32_t>(val);
                        LOG_DEBUG("PLAYER_CHOSEN_TITLE from update fields: ", chosenTitleBit_);
                    }
                    else if (ufMeleeAP  != 0xFFFF && key == ufMeleeAP)  { playerMeleeAP_  = static_cast<int32_t>(val); }
                    else if (ufRangedAP != 0xFFFF && key == ufRangedAP) { playerRangedAP_ = static_cast<int32_t>(val); }
                    else if (ufSpDmg1   != 0xFFFF && key >= ufSpDmg1 && key < ufSpDmg1 + 7) {
                        playerSpellDmgBonus_[key - ufSpDmg1] = static_cast<int32_t>(val);
                    }
                    else if (ufHealBonus != 0xFFFF && key == ufHealBonus) { playerHealBonus_ = static_cast<int32_t>(val); }
                    else if (ufBlockPct != 0xFFFF && key == ufBlockPct) { std::memcpy(&playerBlockPct_, &val, 4); }
                    else if (ufDodgePct != 0xFFFF && key == ufDodgePct) { std::memcpy(&playerDodgePct_, &val, 4); }
                    else if (ufParryPct != 0xFFFF && key == ufParryPct) { std::memcpy(&playerParryPct_, &val, 4); }
                    else if (ufCritPct  != 0xFFFF && key == ufCritPct)  { std::memcpy(&playerCritPct_,  &val, 4); }
                    else if (ufRCritPct != 0xFFFF && key == ufRCritPct) { std::memcpy(&playerRangedCritPct_, &val, 4); }
                    else if (ufSCrit1   != 0xFFFF && key >= ufSCrit1 && key < ufSCrit1 + 7) {
                        std::memcpy(&playerSpellCritPct_[key - ufSCrit1], &val, 4);
                    }
                    else if (ufRating1  != 0xFFFF && key >= ufRating1 && key < ufRating1 + 25) {
                        playerCombatRatings_[key - ufRating1] = static_cast<int32_t>(val);
                    }
                    else {
                        for (int si = 0; si < 5; ++si) {
                            if (ufStats[si] != 0xFFFF && key == ufStats[si]) {
                                playerStats_[si] = static_cast<int32_t>(val);
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    // Do not synthesize quest-log entries from raw update-field slots.
                    // Slot layouts differ on some classic-family realms and can produce
                    // phantom "already accepted" quests that block quest acceptance.
                }
                if (applyInventoryFields(block.fields)) slotsChanged = true;
                if (slotsChanged) rebuildOnlineInventory();
                maybeDetectVisibleItemLayout();
                extractSkillFields(lastPlayerFields_);
                extractExploredZoneFields(lastPlayerFields_);
                applyQuestStateFromFields(lastPlayerFields_);
            }
            break;
        }

        case UpdateType::VALUES: {
            // Update existing entity fields
            auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(block.guid);
            if (entity) {
                if (block.hasMovement) {
                    glm::vec3 pos = core::coords::serverToCanonical(glm::vec3(block.x, block.y, block.z));
                    float oCanonical = core::coords::serverToCanonicalYaw(block.orientation);
                    entity->setPosition(pos.x, pos.y, pos.z, oCanonical);

                    if (block.guid != playerGuid &&
                        (entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT || entity->getType() == ObjectType::GAMEOBJECT)) {
                        if (block.onTransport && block.transportGuid != 0) {
                            glm::vec3 localOffset = core::coords::serverToCanonical(
                                glm::vec3(block.transportX, block.transportY, block.transportZ));
                            const bool hasLocalOrientation = (block.updateFlags & 0x0020) != 0; // UPDATEFLAG_LIVING
                            float localOriCanonical = core::coords::normalizeAngleRad(-block.transportO);
                            setTransportAttachment(block.guid, entity->getType(), block.transportGuid,
                                                   localOffset, hasLocalOrientation, localOriCanonical);
                            if (transportManager_ && transportManager_->getTransport(block.transportGuid)) {
                                glm::vec3 composed = transportManager_->getPlayerWorldPosition(block.transportGuid, localOffset);
                                entity->setPosition(composed.x, composed.y, composed.z, entity->getOrientation());
                            }
                        } else {
                            clearTransportAttachment(block.guid);
                        }
                    }
                }

                for (const auto& field : block.fields) {
                    entity->setField(field.first, field.second);
                }

                if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::PLAYER && block.guid != playerGuid) {
                    updateOtherPlayerVisibleItems(block.guid, entity->getFields());
                }

                // Update cached health/mana/power values (Phase 2) — single pass
                if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT || entity->getType() == ObjectType::PLAYER) {
                    auto unit = std::static_pointer_cast<Unit>(entity);
                    constexpr uint32_t UNIT_DYNFLAG_DEAD = 0x0008;
                    constexpr uint32_t UNIT_DYNFLAG_LOOTABLE = 0x0001;
                    uint32_t oldDisplayId = unit->getDisplayId();
                    bool displayIdChanged = false;
                    bool npcDeathNotified = false;
                    bool npcRespawnNotified = false;
                    const uint16_t ufHealth = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_HEALTH);
                    const uint16_t ufPowerBase = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_POWER1);
                    const uint16_t ufMaxHealth = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_MAXHEALTH);
                    const uint16_t ufMaxPowerBase = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_MAXPOWER1);
                    const uint16_t ufLevel = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_LEVEL);
                    const uint16_t ufFaction = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_FACTIONTEMPLATE);
                    const uint16_t ufFlags = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_FLAGS);
                    const uint16_t ufDynFlags = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_DYNAMIC_FLAGS);
                    const uint16_t ufDisplayId = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_DISPLAYID);
                    const uint16_t ufMountDisplayId = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_MOUNTDISPLAYID);
                    const uint16_t ufNpcFlags = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_NPC_FLAGS);
                    const uint16_t ufBytes0 = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_BYTES_0);
                    for (const auto& [key, val] : block.fields) {
                        if (key == ufHealth) {
                            uint32_t oldHealth = unit->getHealth();
                            unit->setHealth(val);
                            if (val == 0) {
                                if (block.guid == autoAttackTarget) {
                                    stopAutoAttack();
                                }
                                hostileAttackers_.erase(block.guid);
                                if (block.guid == playerGuid) {
                                    playerDead_ = true;
                                    releasedSpirit_ = false;
                                    stopAutoAttack();
                                    // Cache death position as corpse location.
                                    // Classic WoW does not send SMSG_DEATH_RELEASE_LOC, so
                                    // this is the primary source for canReclaimCorpse().
                                    // movementInfo is canonical (x=north, y=west); corpseX_/Y_
                                    // are raw server coords (x=west, y=north) — swap axes.
                                    corpseX_     = movementInfo.y;   // canonical west  = server X
                                    corpseY_     = movementInfo.x;   // canonical north = server Y
                                    corpseZ_     = movementInfo.z;
                                    corpseMapId_ = currentMapId_;
                                    LOG_INFO("Player died! Corpse position cached at server=(",
                                             corpseX_, ",", corpseY_, ",", corpseZ_,
                                             ") map=", corpseMapId_);
                                }
                                if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT && npcDeathCallback_) {
                                    npcDeathCallback_(block.guid);
                                    npcDeathNotified = true;
                                }
                            } else if (oldHealth == 0 && val > 0) {
                                if (block.guid == playerGuid) {
                                    playerDead_ = false;
                                    if (!releasedSpirit_) {
                                        LOG_INFO("Player resurrected!");
                                    } else {
                                        LOG_INFO("Player entered ghost form");
                                    }
                                }
                                if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT && npcRespawnCallback_) {
                                    npcRespawnCallback_(block.guid);
                                    npcRespawnNotified = true;
                                }
                            }
                        // Specific fields checked BEFORE power/maxpower range checks
                        // (Classic packs maxHealth/level/faction adjacent to power indices)
                        } else if (key == ufMaxHealth) { unit->setMaxHealth(val); }
                        else if (key == ufBytes0) {
                            unit->setPowerType(static_cast<uint8_t>((val >> 24) & 0xFF));
                        } else if (key == ufFlags) { unit->setUnitFlags(val); }
                        else if (key == ufDynFlags) {
                            uint32_t oldDyn = unit->getDynamicFlags();
                            unit->setDynamicFlags(val);
                            if (block.guid == playerGuid) {
                                bool wasDead = (oldDyn & UNIT_DYNFLAG_DEAD) != 0;
                                bool nowDead = (val & UNIT_DYNFLAG_DEAD) != 0;
                                if (!wasDead && nowDead) {
                                    playerDead_ = true;
                                    releasedSpirit_ = false;
                                    corpseX_     = movementInfo.y;
                                    corpseY_     = movementInfo.x;
                                    corpseZ_     = movementInfo.z;
                                    corpseMapId_ = currentMapId_;
                                    LOG_INFO("Player died (dynamic flags). Corpse cached map=", corpseMapId_);
                                } else if (wasDead && !nowDead) {
                                    playerDead_ = false;
                                    releasedSpirit_ = false;
                                    LOG_INFO("Player resurrected (dynamic flags)");
                                }
                            } else if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT) {
                                bool wasDead = (oldDyn & UNIT_DYNFLAG_DEAD) != 0;
                                bool nowDead = (val & UNIT_DYNFLAG_DEAD) != 0;
                                if (!wasDead && nowDead) {
                                    if (!npcDeathNotified && npcDeathCallback_) {
                                        npcDeathCallback_(block.guid);
                                        npcDeathNotified = true;
                                    }
                                } else if (wasDead && !nowDead) {
                                    if (!npcRespawnNotified && npcRespawnCallback_) {
                                        npcRespawnCallback_(block.guid);
                                        npcRespawnNotified = true;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        } else if (key == ufLevel) {
                            uint32_t oldLvl = unit->getLevel();
                            unit->setLevel(val);
                            if (block.guid != playerGuid &&
                                entity->getType() == ObjectType::PLAYER &&
                                val > oldLvl && oldLvl > 0 &&
                                otherPlayerLevelUpCallback_) {
                                otherPlayerLevelUpCallback_(block.guid, val);
                            }
                        }
                        else if (key == ufFaction) {
                            unit->setFactionTemplate(val);
                            unit->setHostile(isHostileFaction(val));
                        } else if (key == ufDisplayId) {
                            if (val != unit->getDisplayId()) {
                                unit->setDisplayId(val);
                                displayIdChanged = true;
                            }
                        } else if (key == ufMountDisplayId) {
                            if (block.guid == playerGuid) {
                                uint32_t old = currentMountDisplayId_;
                                currentMountDisplayId_ = val;
                                if (val != old && mountCallback_) mountCallback_(val);
                                if (old == 0 && val != 0) {
                                    mountAuraSpellId_ = 0;
                                    for (const auto& a : playerAuras) {
                                        if (!a.isEmpty() && a.maxDurationMs < 0 && a.casterGuid == playerGuid) {
                                            mountAuraSpellId_ = a.spellId;
                                        }
                                    }
                                    // Classic/vanilla fallback: scan UNIT_FIELD_AURAS from same update block
                                    if (mountAuraSpellId_ == 0) {
                                        const uint16_t ufAuras = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_AURAS);
                                        if (ufAuras != 0xFFFF) {
                                            for (const auto& [fk, fv] : block.fields) {
                                                if (fk >= ufAuras && fk < ufAuras + 48 && fv != 0) {
                                                    mountAuraSpellId_ = fv;
                                                    break;
                                                }
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                    LOG_INFO("Mount detected (values update): displayId=", val, " auraSpellId=", mountAuraSpellId_);
                                }
                                if (old != 0 && val == 0) {
                                    mountAuraSpellId_ = 0;
                                    for (auto& a : playerAuras)
                                        if (!a.isEmpty() && a.maxDurationMs < 0) a = AuraSlot{};
                                }
                            }
                            unit->setMountDisplayId(val);
                        } else if (key == ufNpcFlags) { unit->setNpcFlags(val); }
                        // Power/maxpower range checks AFTER all specific fields
                        else if (key >= ufPowerBase && key < ufPowerBase + 7) {
                            unit->setPowerByType(static_cast<uint8_t>(key - ufPowerBase), val);
                        } else if (key >= ufMaxPowerBase && key < ufMaxPowerBase + 7) {
                            unit->setMaxPowerByType(static_cast<uint8_t>(key - ufMaxPowerBase), val);
                        }
                    }

                    // Classic: sync playerAuras from UNIT_FIELD_AURAS when those fields are updated
                    if (block.guid == playerGuid && isClassicLikeExpansion()) {
                        const uint16_t ufAuras     = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_AURAS);
                        const uint16_t ufAuraFlags = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_AURAFLAGS);
                        if (ufAuras != 0xFFFF) {
                            bool hasAuraUpdate = false;
                            for (const auto& [fk, fv] : block.fields) {
                                if (fk >= ufAuras && fk < ufAuras + 48) { hasAuraUpdate = true; break; }
                            }
                            if (hasAuraUpdate) {
                                playerAuras.clear();
                                playerAuras.resize(48);
                                uint64_t nowMs = static_cast<uint64_t>(
                                    std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
                                        std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
                                const auto& allFields = entity->getFields();
                                for (int slot = 0; slot < 48; ++slot) {
                                    auto it = allFields.find(static_cast<uint16_t>(ufAuras + slot));
                                    if (it != allFields.end() && it->second != 0) {
                                        AuraSlot& a = playerAuras[slot];
                                        a.spellId = it->second;
                                        // Read aura flag byte: packed 4-per-uint32 at ufAuraFlags
                                        uint8_t aFlag = 0;
                                        if (ufAuraFlags != 0xFFFF) {
                                            auto fit = allFields.find(static_cast<uint16_t>(ufAuraFlags + slot / 4));
                                            if (fit != allFields.end())
                                                aFlag = static_cast<uint8_t>((fit->second >> ((slot % 4) * 8)) & 0xFF);
                                        }
                                        a.flags = aFlag;
                                        a.durationMs = -1;
                                        a.maxDurationMs = -1;
                                        a.casterGuid = playerGuid;
                                        a.receivedAtMs = nowMs;
                                    }
                                }
                                LOG_DEBUG("[Classic] Rebuilt playerAuras from UNIT_FIELD_AURAS (VALUES)");
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    // Some units/players are created without displayId and get it later via VALUES.
                    if ((entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT || entity->getType() == ObjectType::PLAYER) &&
                        displayIdChanged &&
                        unit->getDisplayId() != 0 &&
                        unit->getDisplayId() != oldDisplayId) {
                        if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::PLAYER && block.guid == playerGuid) {
                            // Skip local player — spawned separately
                        } else if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::PLAYER) {
                            if (playerSpawnCallback_) {
                                uint8_t race = 0, gender = 0, facial = 0;
                                uint32_t appearanceBytes = 0;
                                // Use the entity's accumulated field state, not just this block's changed fields.
                                if (extractPlayerAppearance(entity->getFields(), race, gender, appearanceBytes, facial)) {
                                    playerSpawnCallback_(block.guid, unit->getDisplayId(), race, gender,
                                                        appearanceBytes, facial,
                                                        unit->getX(), unit->getY(), unit->getZ(), unit->getOrientation());
                                } else {
                                    LOG_WARNING("[Spawn] PLAYER guid=0x", std::hex, block.guid, std::dec,
                                              " displayId=", unit->getDisplayId(), " appearance extraction failed (VALUES update) — model will not render");
                                }
                            }
                        } else if (creatureSpawnCallback_) {
                            float unitScale2 = 1.0f;
                            {
                                uint16_t scaleIdx = fieldIndex(UF::OBJECT_FIELD_SCALE_X);
                                if (scaleIdx != 0xFFFF) {
                                    uint32_t raw = entity->getField(scaleIdx);
                                    if (raw != 0) {
                                        std::memcpy(&unitScale2, &raw, sizeof(float));
                                        if (unitScale2 <= 0.01f || unitScale2 > 100.0f) unitScale2 = 1.0f;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            creatureSpawnCallback_(block.guid, unit->getDisplayId(),
                                unit->getX(), unit->getY(), unit->getZ(), unit->getOrientation(), unitScale2);
                            bool isDeadNow = (unit->getHealth() == 0) ||
                                ((unit->getDynamicFlags() & (UNIT_DYNFLAG_DEAD | UNIT_DYNFLAG_LOOTABLE)) != 0);
                            if (isDeadNow && !npcDeathNotified && npcDeathCallback_) {
                                npcDeathCallback_(block.guid);
                                npcDeathNotified = true;
                            }
                        }
                        if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT && (unit->getNpcFlags() & 0x02) && socket) {
                            network::Packet qsPkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_QUESTGIVER_STATUS_QUERY));
                            qsPkt.writeUInt64(block.guid);
                            socket->send(qsPkt);
                        }
                    }
                }
                // Update XP / inventory slot / skill fields for player entity
                if (block.guid == playerGuid) {
                    const bool needCoinageDetectSnapshot =
                        (pendingMoneyDelta_ != 0 && pendingMoneyDeltaTimer_ > 0.0f);
                    std::map<uint16_t, uint32_t> oldFieldsSnapshot;
                    if (needCoinageDetectSnapshot) {
                        oldFieldsSnapshot = lastPlayerFields_;
                    }
                    if (block.hasMovement && block.runSpeed > 0.1f && block.runSpeed < 100.0f) {
                        serverRunSpeed_ = block.runSpeed;
                        // Some server dismount paths update run speed without updating mount display field.
                        if (!onTaxiFlight_ && !taxiMountActive_ &&
                            currentMountDisplayId_ != 0 && block.runSpeed <= 8.5f) {
                            LOG_INFO("Auto-clearing mount from movement speed update: speed=", block.runSpeed,
                                     " displayId=", currentMountDisplayId_);
                            currentMountDisplayId_ = 0;
                            if (mountCallback_) {
                                mountCallback_(0);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    auto mergeHint = lastPlayerFields_.end();
                    for (const auto& [key, val] : block.fields) {
                        mergeHint = lastPlayerFields_.insert_or_assign(mergeHint, key, val);
                    }
                    if (needCoinageDetectSnapshot) {
                        maybeDetectCoinageIndex(oldFieldsSnapshot, lastPlayerFields_);
                    }
                    maybeDetectVisibleItemLayout();
                    detectInventorySlotBases(block.fields);
                    bool slotsChanged = false;
                    const uint16_t ufPlayerXp = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_XP);
                    const uint16_t ufPlayerNextXp = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_NEXT_LEVEL_XP);
                    const uint16_t ufPlayerRestedXpV = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_REST_STATE_EXPERIENCE);
                    const uint16_t ufPlayerLevel = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_LEVEL);
                    const uint16_t ufCoinage = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_FIELD_COINAGE);
                    const uint16_t ufPlayerFlags = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_FLAGS);
                    const uint16_t ufArmor = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_RESISTANCES);
                    const uint16_t ufPBytes2v = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_BYTES_2);
                    const uint16_t ufChosenTitle = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_CHOSEN_TITLE);
                    const uint16_t ufStatsV[5] = {
                        fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_STAT0), fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_STAT1),
                        fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_STAT2), fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_STAT3),
                        fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_STAT4)
                    };
                    const uint16_t ufMeleeAPV  = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_ATTACK_POWER);
                    const uint16_t ufRangedAPV = fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_RANGED_ATTACK_POWER);
                    const uint16_t ufSpDmg1V   = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_FIELD_MOD_DAMAGE_DONE_POS);
                    const uint16_t ufHealBonusV= fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_FIELD_MOD_HEALING_DONE_POS);
                    const uint16_t ufBlockPctV = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_BLOCK_PERCENTAGE);
                    const uint16_t ufDodgePctV = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_DODGE_PERCENTAGE);
                    const uint16_t ufParryPctV = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_PARRY_PERCENTAGE);
                    const uint16_t ufCritPctV  = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_CRIT_PERCENTAGE);
                    const uint16_t ufRCritPctV = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_RANGED_CRIT_PERCENTAGE);
                    const uint16_t ufSCrit1V   = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_SPELL_CRIT_PERCENTAGE1);
                    const uint16_t ufRating1V  = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_FIELD_COMBAT_RATING_1);
                    for (const auto& [key, val] : block.fields) {
                        if (key == ufPlayerXp) {
                            playerXp_ = val;
                            LOG_DEBUG("XP updated: ", val);
                        }
                        else if (key == ufPlayerNextXp) {
                            playerNextLevelXp_ = val;
                            LOG_DEBUG("Next level XP updated: ", val);
                        }
                        else if (ufPlayerRestedXpV != 0xFFFF && key == ufPlayerRestedXpV) {
                            playerRestedXp_ = val;
                        }
                        else if (key == ufPlayerLevel) {
                            serverPlayerLevel_ = val;
                            LOG_DEBUG("Level updated: ", val);
                            for (auto& ch : characters) {
                                if (ch.guid == playerGuid) {
                                    ch.level = val;
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        else if (key == ufCoinage) {
                            playerMoneyCopper_ = val;
                            LOG_DEBUG("Money updated via VALUES: ", val, " copper");
                        }
                        else if (ufArmor != 0xFFFF && key == ufArmor) {
                            playerArmorRating_ = static_cast<int32_t>(val);
                        }
                        else if (ufArmor != 0xFFFF && key > ufArmor && key <= ufArmor + 6) {
                            playerResistances_[key - ufArmor - 1] = static_cast<int32_t>(val);
                        }
                        else if (ufPBytes2v != 0xFFFF && key == ufPBytes2v) {
                            uint8_t bankBagSlots = static_cast<uint8_t>((val >> 16) & 0xFF);
                            LOG_WARNING("PLAYER_BYTES_2 (VALUES): raw=0x", std::hex, val, std::dec,
                                       " bankBagSlots=", static_cast<int>(bankBagSlots));
                            inventory.setPurchasedBankBagSlots(bankBagSlots);
                            // Byte 3 (bits 24-31): REST_STATE
                            // 0 = not resting, 1 = REST_TYPE_IN_TAVERN, 2 = REST_TYPE_IN_CITY
                            uint8_t restStateByte = static_cast<uint8_t>((val >> 24) & 0xFF);
                            isResting_ = (restStateByte != 0);
                        }
                        else if (ufChosenTitle != 0xFFFF && key == ufChosenTitle) {
                            chosenTitleBit_ = static_cast<int32_t>(val);
                            LOG_DEBUG("PLAYER_CHOSEN_TITLE updated: ", chosenTitleBit_);
                        }
                        else if (key == ufPlayerFlags) {
                            constexpr uint32_t PLAYER_FLAGS_GHOST = 0x00000010;
                            bool wasGhost = releasedSpirit_;
                            bool nowGhost = (val & PLAYER_FLAGS_GHOST) != 0;
                            if (!wasGhost && nowGhost) {
                                releasedSpirit_ = true;
                                LOG_INFO("Player entered ghost form (PLAYER_FLAGS)");
                                if (ghostStateCallback_) ghostStateCallback_(true);
                            } else if (wasGhost && !nowGhost) {
                                releasedSpirit_ = false;
                                playerDead_ = false;
                                repopPending_ = false;
                                resurrectPending_ = false;
                                corpseMapId_ = 0;  // corpse reclaimed
                                corpseGuid_ = 0;
                                LOG_INFO("Player resurrected (PLAYER_FLAGS ghost cleared)");
                                if (ghostStateCallback_) ghostStateCallback_(false);
                            }
                        }
                        else if (ufMeleeAPV  != 0xFFFF && key == ufMeleeAPV)  { playerMeleeAP_  = static_cast<int32_t>(val); }
                        else if (ufRangedAPV != 0xFFFF && key == ufRangedAPV) { playerRangedAP_ = static_cast<int32_t>(val); }
                        else if (ufSpDmg1V   != 0xFFFF && key >= ufSpDmg1V && key < ufSpDmg1V + 7) {
                            playerSpellDmgBonus_[key - ufSpDmg1V] = static_cast<int32_t>(val);
                        }
                        else if (ufHealBonusV != 0xFFFF && key == ufHealBonusV) { playerHealBonus_ = static_cast<int32_t>(val); }
                        else if (ufBlockPctV != 0xFFFF && key == ufBlockPctV) { std::memcpy(&playerBlockPct_, &val, 4); }
                        else if (ufDodgePctV != 0xFFFF && key == ufDodgePctV) { std::memcpy(&playerDodgePct_, &val, 4); }
                        else if (ufParryPctV != 0xFFFF && key == ufParryPctV) { std::memcpy(&playerParryPct_, &val, 4); }
                        else if (ufCritPctV  != 0xFFFF && key == ufCritPctV)  { std::memcpy(&playerCritPct_,  &val, 4); }
                        else if (ufRCritPctV != 0xFFFF && key == ufRCritPctV) { std::memcpy(&playerRangedCritPct_, &val, 4); }
                        else if (ufSCrit1V   != 0xFFFF && key >= ufSCrit1V && key < ufSCrit1V + 7) {
                            std::memcpy(&playerSpellCritPct_[key - ufSCrit1V], &val, 4);
                        }
                        else if (ufRating1V  != 0xFFFF && key >= ufRating1V && key < ufRating1V + 25) {
                            playerCombatRatings_[key - ufRating1V] = static_cast<int32_t>(val);
                        }
                        else {
                            for (int si = 0; si < 5; ++si) {
                                if (ufStatsV[si] != 0xFFFF && key == ufStatsV[si]) {
                                    playerStats_[si] = static_cast<int32_t>(val);
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    // Do not auto-create quests from VALUES quest-log slot fields for the
                    // same reason as CREATE_OBJECT2 above (can be misaligned per realm).
                    if (applyInventoryFields(block.fields)) slotsChanged = true;
                    if (slotsChanged) rebuildOnlineInventory();
                    extractSkillFields(lastPlayerFields_);
                    extractExploredZoneFields(lastPlayerFields_);
                    applyQuestStateFromFields(lastPlayerFields_);
                }

                // Update item stack count / durability for online items
                if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::ITEM || entity->getType() == ObjectType::CONTAINER) {
                    bool inventoryChanged = false;
                    const uint16_t itemStackField   = fieldIndex(UF::ITEM_FIELD_STACK_COUNT);
                    const uint16_t itemDurField     = fieldIndex(UF::ITEM_FIELD_DURABILITY);
                    const uint16_t itemMaxDurField  = fieldIndex(UF::ITEM_FIELD_MAXDURABILITY);
                    const uint16_t containerNumSlotsField = fieldIndex(UF::CONTAINER_FIELD_NUM_SLOTS);
                    const uint16_t containerSlot1Field = fieldIndex(UF::CONTAINER_FIELD_SLOT_1);

                    auto it = onlineItems_.find(block.guid);
                    bool isItemInInventory = (it != onlineItems_.end());

                    for (const auto& [key, val] : block.fields) {
                        if (key == itemStackField && isItemInInventory) {
                            if (it->second.stackCount != val) {
                                it->second.stackCount = val;
                                inventoryChanged = true;
                            }
                        } else if (key == itemDurField && isItemInInventory) {
                            if (it->second.curDurability != val) {
                                it->second.curDurability = val;
                                inventoryChanged = true;
                            }
                        } else if (key == itemMaxDurField && isItemInInventory) {
                            if (it->second.maxDurability != val) {
                                it->second.maxDurability = val;
                                inventoryChanged = true;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    // Update container slot GUIDs on bag content changes
                    if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::CONTAINER) {
                        for (const auto& [key, _] : block.fields) {
                            if ((containerNumSlotsField != 0xFFFF && key == containerNumSlotsField) ||
                                (containerSlot1Field != 0xFFFF && key >= containerSlot1Field && key < containerSlot1Field + 72)) {
                                inventoryChanged = true;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                        extractContainerFields(block.guid, block.fields);
                    }
                    if (inventoryChanged) {
                        rebuildOnlineInventory();
                    }
                }
                if (block.hasMovement && entity->getType() == ObjectType::GAMEOBJECT) {
                    if (transportGuids_.count(block.guid) && transportMoveCallback_) {
                        serverUpdatedTransportGuids_.insert(block.guid);
                        transportMoveCallback_(block.guid, entity->getX(), entity->getY(),
                                               entity->getZ(), entity->getOrientation());
                    } else if (gameObjectMoveCallback_) {
                        gameObjectMoveCallback_(block.guid, entity->getX(), entity->getY(),
                                                entity->getZ(), entity->getOrientation());
                    }
                }

                LOG_DEBUG("Updated entity fields: 0x", std::hex, block.guid, std::dec);
            } else {
            }
            break;
        }

        case UpdateType::MOVEMENT: {
            // Diagnostic: Log if we receive MOVEMENT blocks for transports
            if (transportGuids_.count(block.guid)) {
                LOG_INFO("MOVEMENT update for transport 0x", std::hex, block.guid, std::dec,
                         " pos=(", block.x, ", ", block.y, ", ", block.z, ")");
            }

            // Update entity position (server → canonical)
            auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(block.guid);
            if (entity) {
                glm::vec3 pos = core::coords::serverToCanonical(glm::vec3(block.x, block.y, block.z));
                float oCanonical = core::coords::serverToCanonicalYaw(block.orientation);
                entity->setPosition(pos.x, pos.y, pos.z, oCanonical);
                LOG_DEBUG("Updated entity position: 0x", std::hex, block.guid, std::dec);

                if (block.guid != playerGuid &&
                    (entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT || entity->getType() == ObjectType::GAMEOBJECT)) {
                    if (block.onTransport && block.transportGuid != 0) {
                        glm::vec3 localOffset = core::coords::serverToCanonical(
                            glm::vec3(block.transportX, block.transportY, block.transportZ));
                        const bool hasLocalOrientation = (block.updateFlags & 0x0020) != 0; // UPDATEFLAG_LIVING
                        float localOriCanonical = core::coords::normalizeAngleRad(-block.transportO);
                        setTransportAttachment(block.guid, entity->getType(), block.transportGuid,
                                               localOffset, hasLocalOrientation, localOriCanonical);
                        if (transportManager_ && transportManager_->getTransport(block.transportGuid)) {
                            glm::vec3 composed = transportManager_->getPlayerWorldPosition(block.transportGuid, localOffset);
                            entity->setPosition(composed.x, composed.y, composed.z, entity->getOrientation());
                        }
                    } else {
                        clearTransportAttachment(block.guid);
                    }
                }

                if (block.guid == playerGuid) {
                    movementInfo.orientation = oCanonical;

                    // Track player-on-transport state from MOVEMENT updates
                    if (block.onTransport) {
                        setPlayerOnTransport(block.transportGuid, glm::vec3(0.0f));
                        // Convert transport offset from server → canonical coordinates
                        glm::vec3 serverOffset(block.transportX, block.transportY, block.transportZ);
                        playerTransportOffset_ = core::coords::serverToCanonical(serverOffset);
                        if (transportManager_ && transportManager_->getTransport(playerTransportGuid_)) {
                            glm::vec3 composed = transportManager_->getPlayerWorldPosition(playerTransportGuid_, playerTransportOffset_);
                            entity->setPosition(composed.x, composed.y, composed.z, oCanonical);
                            movementInfo.x = composed.x;
                            movementInfo.y = composed.y;
                            movementInfo.z = composed.z;
                        } else {
                            movementInfo.x = pos.x;
                            movementInfo.y = pos.y;
                            movementInfo.z = pos.z;
                        }
                        LOG_INFO("Player on transport (MOVEMENT): 0x", std::hex, playerTransportGuid_, std::dec);
                    } else {
                        movementInfo.x = pos.x;
                        movementInfo.y = pos.y;
                        movementInfo.z = pos.z;
                        // Don't clear client-side M2 transport boarding
                        bool isClientM2Transport = false;
                        if (playerTransportGuid_ != 0 && transportManager_) {
                            auto* tr = transportManager_->getTransport(playerTransportGuid_);
                            isClientM2Transport = (tr && tr->isM2);
                        }
                        if (playerTransportGuid_ != 0 && !isClientM2Transport) {
                            LOG_INFO("Player left transport (MOVEMENT)");
                            clearPlayerTransport();
                        }
                    }
                }

                // Fire transport move callback if this is a known transport
                if (transportGuids_.count(block.guid) && transportMoveCallback_) {
                    serverUpdatedTransportGuids_.insert(block.guid);
                    transportMoveCallback_(block.guid, pos.x, pos.y, pos.z, oCanonical);
                }
                // Fire move callback for non-transport gameobjects.
                if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::GAMEOBJECT &&
                    transportGuids_.count(block.guid) == 0 &&
                    gameObjectMoveCallback_) {
                    gameObjectMoveCallback_(block.guid, entity->getX(), entity->getY(),
                                            entity->getZ(), entity->getOrientation());
                }
                // Fire move callback for non-player units (creatures).
                // SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE handles smooth interpolated movement, but many
                // servers (especially vanilla/Turtle WoW) communicate NPC positions
                // via MOVEMENT blocks instead. Use duration=0 for an instant snap.
                if (block.guid != playerGuid &&
                    entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT &&
                    transportGuids_.count(block.guid) == 0 &&
                    creatureMoveCallback_) {
                    creatureMoveCallback_(block.guid, pos.x, pos.y, pos.z, 0);
                }
            } else {
                LOG_WARNING("MOVEMENT update for unknown entity: 0x", std::hex, block.guid, std::dec);
            }
            break;
        }

        default:
            break;
    }
}

void GameHandler::finalizeUpdateObjectBatch(bool newItemCreated) {
    tabCycleStale = true;
    // Entity count logging disabled

    // Deferred rebuild: if new item objects were created in this packet, rebuild
    // inventory so that slot GUIDs updated earlier in the same packet can resolve.
    if (newItemCreated) {
        rebuildOnlineInventory();
    }

    // Late inventory base detection once items are known
    if (playerGuid != 0 && invSlotBase_ < 0 && !lastPlayerFields_.empty() && !onlineItems_.empty()) {
        detectInventorySlotBases(lastPlayerFields_);
        if (invSlotBase_ >= 0) {
            if (applyInventoryFields(lastPlayerFields_)) {
                rebuildOnlineInventory();
            }
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleCompressedUpdateObject(network::Packet& packet) {
    LOG_DEBUG("Handling SMSG_COMPRESSED_UPDATE_OBJECT, packet size: ", packet.getSize());

    // First 4 bytes = decompressed size
    if (packet.getSize() < 4) {
        LOG_WARNING("SMSG_COMPRESSED_UPDATE_OBJECT too small");
        return;
    }

    uint32_t decompressedSize = packet.readUInt32();
    LOG_DEBUG("  Decompressed size: ", decompressedSize);

    if (decompressedSize == 0 || decompressedSize > 1024 * 1024) {
        LOG_WARNING("Invalid decompressed size: ", decompressedSize);
        return;
    }

    // Remaining data is zlib compressed
    size_t compressedSize = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
    const uint8_t* compressedData = packet.getData().data() + packet.getReadPos();

    // Decompress
    std::vector<uint8_t> decompressed(decompressedSize);
    uLongf destLen = decompressedSize;
    int ret = uncompress(decompressed.data(), &destLen, compressedData, compressedSize);

    if (ret != Z_OK) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to decompress UPDATE_OBJECT: zlib error ", ret);
        return;
    }

    // Create packet from decompressed data and parse it
    network::Packet decompressedPacket(wireOpcode(Opcode::SMSG_UPDATE_OBJECT), decompressed);
    handleUpdateObject(decompressedPacket);
}

void GameHandler::handleDestroyObject(network::Packet& packet) {
    LOG_DEBUG("Handling SMSG_DESTROY_OBJECT");

    DestroyObjectData data;
    if (!DestroyObjectParser::parse(packet, data)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_DESTROY_OBJECT");
        return;
    }

    // Remove entity
    if (entityManager.hasEntity(data.guid)) {
        if (transportGuids_.count(data.guid) > 0) {
            const bool playerAboardNow = (playerTransportGuid_ == data.guid);
            const bool stickyAboard = (playerTransportStickyGuid_ == data.guid && playerTransportStickyTimer_ > 0.0f);
            const bool movementSaysAboard = (movementInfo.transportGuid == data.guid);
            if (playerAboardNow || stickyAboard || movementSaysAboard) {
                serverUpdatedTransportGuids_.erase(data.guid);
                LOG_INFO("Preserving in-use transport on destroy: 0x", std::hex, data.guid, std::dec,
                         " now=", playerAboardNow,
                         " sticky=", stickyAboard,
                         " movement=", movementSaysAboard);
                return;
            }
        }
        // Mirror out-of-range handling: invoke render-layer despawn callbacks before entity removal.
        auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(data.guid);
        if (entity) {
            if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT && creatureDespawnCallback_) {
                creatureDespawnCallback_(data.guid);
            } else if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::PLAYER && playerDespawnCallback_) {
                // Player entities also need renderer cleanup on DESTROY_OBJECT, not just out-of-range.
                playerDespawnCallback_(data.guid);
                otherPlayerVisibleItemEntries_.erase(data.guid);
                otherPlayerVisibleDirty_.erase(data.guid);
                otherPlayerMoveTimeMs_.erase(data.guid);
                inspectedPlayerItemEntries_.erase(data.guid);
                pendingAutoInspect_.erase(data.guid);
                pendingNameQueries.erase(data.guid);
            } else if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::GAMEOBJECT && gameObjectDespawnCallback_) {
                gameObjectDespawnCallback_(data.guid);
            }
        }
        if (transportGuids_.count(data.guid) > 0) {
            transportGuids_.erase(data.guid);
            serverUpdatedTransportGuids_.erase(data.guid);
            if (playerTransportGuid_ == data.guid) {
                clearPlayerTransport();
            }
        }
        clearTransportAttachment(data.guid);
        entityManager.removeEntity(data.guid);
        LOG_INFO("Destroyed entity: 0x", std::hex, data.guid, std::dec,
                 " (", (data.isDeath ? "death" : "despawn"), ")");
    } else {
        LOG_DEBUG("Destroy object for unknown entity: 0x", std::hex, data.guid, std::dec);
    }

    // Clean up auto-attack and target if destroyed entity was our target
    if (data.guid == autoAttackTarget) {
        stopAutoAttack();
    }
    if (data.guid == targetGuid) {
        targetGuid = 0;
    }
    hostileAttackers_.erase(data.guid);

    // Remove online item/container tracking
    containerContents_.erase(data.guid);
    if (onlineItems_.erase(data.guid)) {
        rebuildOnlineInventory();
    }

    // Clean up quest giver status
    npcQuestStatus_.erase(data.guid);

    tabCycleStale = true;
    // Entity count logging disabled
}

void GameHandler::sendChatMessage(ChatType type, const std::string& message, const std::string& target) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot send chat in state: ", (int)state);
        return;
    }

    if (message.empty()) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot send empty chat message");
        return;
    }

    LOG_INFO("Sending chat message: [", getChatTypeString(type), "] ", message);

    // Determine language based on character (for now, use COMMON)
    ChatLanguage language = ChatLanguage::COMMON;

    // Build and send packet
    auto packet = MessageChatPacket::build(type, language, message, target);
    socket->send(packet);

    // Add local echo so the player sees their own message immediately
    MessageChatData echo;
    echo.senderGuid = playerGuid;
    echo.language = language;
    echo.message = message;

    // Look up player name
    auto nameIt = playerNameCache.find(playerGuid);
    if (nameIt != playerNameCache.end()) {
        echo.senderName = nameIt->second;
    }

    if (type == ChatType::WHISPER) {
        echo.type = ChatType::WHISPER_INFORM;
        echo.senderName = target;  // "To [target]: message"
    } else {
        echo.type = type;
    }

    if (type == ChatType::CHANNEL) {
        echo.channelName = target;
    }

    addLocalChatMessage(echo);
}

void GameHandler::handleMessageChat(network::Packet& packet) {
    LOG_DEBUG("Handling SMSG_MESSAGECHAT");

    MessageChatData data;
    if (!packetParsers_->parseMessageChat(packet, data)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_MESSAGECHAT");
        return;
    }

    // Skip server echo of our own messages (we already added a local echo)
    if (data.senderGuid == playerGuid && data.senderGuid != 0) {
        // Still track whisper sender for /r even if it's our own whisper-inform
        if (data.type == ChatType::WHISPER && !data.senderName.empty()) {
            lastWhisperSender_ = data.senderName;
        }
        return;
    }

    // Resolve sender name from entity/cache if not already set by parser
    if (data.senderName.empty() && data.senderGuid != 0) {
        // Check player name cache first
        auto nameIt = playerNameCache.find(data.senderGuid);
        if (nameIt != playerNameCache.end()) {
            data.senderName = nameIt->second;
        } else {
            // Try entity name
            auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(data.senderGuid);
            if (entity) {
                if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::PLAYER) {
                    auto player = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Player>(entity);
                    if (player && !player->getName().empty()) {
                        data.senderName = player->getName();
                    }
                } else if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT) {
                    auto unit = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Unit>(entity);
                    if (unit && !unit->getName().empty()) {
                        data.senderName = unit->getName();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // If still unknown, proactively query the server so the UI can show names soon after.
        if (data.senderName.empty()) {
            queryPlayerName(data.senderGuid);
        }
    }

    // Add to chat history
    chatHistory.push_back(data);

    // Limit chat history size
    if (chatHistory.size() > maxChatHistory) {
        chatHistory.erase(chatHistory.begin());
    }

    // Track whisper sender for /r command
    if (data.type == ChatType::WHISPER && !data.senderName.empty()) {
        lastWhisperSender_ = data.senderName;
    }

    // Trigger chat bubble for SAY/YELL messages from others
    if (chatBubbleCallback_ && data.senderGuid != 0) {
        if (data.type == ChatType::SAY || data.type == ChatType::YELL ||
            data.type == ChatType::MONSTER_SAY || data.type == ChatType::MONSTER_YELL ||
            data.type == ChatType::MONSTER_PARTY) {
            bool isYell = (data.type == ChatType::YELL || data.type == ChatType::MONSTER_YELL);
            chatBubbleCallback_(data.senderGuid, data.message, isYell);
        }
    }

    // Log the message
    std::string senderInfo;
    if (!data.senderName.empty()) {
        senderInfo = data.senderName;
    } else if (data.senderGuid != 0) {
        senderInfo = "Unknown-" + std::to_string(data.senderGuid);
    } else {
        senderInfo = "System";
    }

    std::string channelInfo;
    if (!data.channelName.empty()) {
        channelInfo = "[" + data.channelName + "] ";
    }

    LOG_DEBUG("[", getChatTypeString(data.type), "] ", channelInfo, senderInfo, ": ", data.message);
}

void GameHandler::sendTextEmote(uint32_t textEmoteId, uint64_t targetGuid) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = TextEmotePacket::build(textEmoteId, targetGuid);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::handleTextEmote(network::Packet& packet) {
    // Classic 1.12 and TBC 2.4.3 send: textEmoteId(u32) + emoteNum(u32) + senderGuid(u64) + nameLen(u32) + name
    // WotLK 3.3.5a reversed this to: senderGuid(u64) + textEmoteId(u32) + emoteNum(u32) + nameLen(u32) + name
    const bool legacyFormat = isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc");
    TextEmoteData data;
    if (!TextEmoteParser::parse(packet, data, legacyFormat)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_TEXT_EMOTE");
        return;
    }

    // Skip our own text emotes (we already have local echo)
    if (data.senderGuid == playerGuid && data.senderGuid != 0) {
        return;
    }

    // Resolve sender name
    std::string senderName;
    auto nameIt = playerNameCache.find(data.senderGuid);
    if (nameIt != playerNameCache.end()) {
        senderName = nameIt->second;
    } else {
        auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(data.senderGuid);
        if (entity) {
            auto unit = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Unit>(entity);
            if (unit) senderName = unit->getName();
        }
    }
    if (senderName.empty()) {
        senderName = "Unknown";
        queryPlayerName(data.senderGuid);
    }

    // Resolve emote text from DBC using third-person "others see" templates
    const std::string* targetPtr = data.targetName.empty() ? nullptr : &data.targetName;
    std::string emoteText = rendering::Renderer::getEmoteTextByDbcId(data.textEmoteId, senderName, targetPtr);
    if (emoteText.empty()) {
        // Fallback if DBC lookup fails
        emoteText = data.targetName.empty()
            ? senderName + " performs an emote."
            : senderName + " performs an emote at " + data.targetName + ".";
    }

    MessageChatData chatMsg;
    chatMsg.type = ChatType::TEXT_EMOTE;
    chatMsg.language = ChatLanguage::COMMON;
    chatMsg.senderGuid = data.senderGuid;
    chatMsg.senderName = senderName;
    chatMsg.message = emoteText;

    chatHistory.push_back(chatMsg);
    if (chatHistory.size() > maxChatHistory) {
        chatHistory.erase(chatHistory.begin());
    }

    // Trigger emote animation on sender's entity via callback
    uint32_t animId = rendering::Renderer::getEmoteAnimByDbcId(data.textEmoteId);
    if (animId != 0 && emoteAnimCallback_) {
        emoteAnimCallback_(data.senderGuid, animId);
    }

    LOG_INFO("TEXT_EMOTE from ", senderName, " (emoteId=", data.textEmoteId, ", anim=", animId, ")");
}

void GameHandler::joinChannel(const std::string& channelName, const std::string& password) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = packetParsers_ ? packetParsers_->buildJoinChannel(channelName, password)
                                 : JoinChannelPacket::build(channelName, password);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Requesting to join channel: ", channelName);
}

void GameHandler::leaveChannel(const std::string& channelName) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = packetParsers_ ? packetParsers_->buildLeaveChannel(channelName)
                                 : LeaveChannelPacket::build(channelName);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Requesting to leave channel: ", channelName);
}

std::string GameHandler::getChannelByIndex(int index) const {
    if (index < 1 || index > static_cast<int>(joinedChannels_.size())) return "";
    return joinedChannels_[index - 1];
}

int GameHandler::getChannelIndex(const std::string& channelName) const {
    for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(joinedChannels_.size()); ++i) {
        if (joinedChannels_[i] == channelName) return i + 1;  // 1-based
    }
    return 0;
}

void GameHandler::handleChannelNotify(network::Packet& packet) {
    ChannelNotifyData data;
    if (!ChannelNotifyParser::parse(packet, data)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_CHANNEL_NOTIFY");
        return;
    }

    switch (data.notifyType) {
        case ChannelNotifyType::YOU_JOINED: {
            // Add to active channels if not already present
            bool found = false;
            for (const auto& ch : joinedChannels_) {
                if (ch == data.channelName) { found = true; break; }
            }
            if (!found) {
                joinedChannels_.push_back(data.channelName);
            }
            MessageChatData msg;
            msg.type = ChatType::SYSTEM;
            msg.message = "Joined channel: " + data.channelName;
            addLocalChatMessage(msg);
            LOG_INFO("Joined channel: ", data.channelName);
            break;
        }
        case ChannelNotifyType::YOU_LEFT: {
            joinedChannels_.erase(
                std::remove(joinedChannels_.begin(), joinedChannels_.end(), data.channelName),
                joinedChannels_.end());
            MessageChatData msg;
            msg.type = ChatType::SYSTEM;
            msg.message = "Left channel: " + data.channelName;
            addLocalChatMessage(msg);
            LOG_INFO("Left channel: ", data.channelName);
            break;
        }
        case ChannelNotifyType::PLAYER_ALREADY_MEMBER: {
            // Server says we're already in this channel (e.g. server auto-joined us)
            // Still track it in our channel list
            bool found = false;
            for (const auto& ch : joinedChannels_) {
                if (ch == data.channelName) { found = true; break; }
            }
            if (!found) {
                joinedChannels_.push_back(data.channelName);
                LOG_INFO("Already in channel: ", data.channelName);
            }
            break;
        }
        case ChannelNotifyType::NOT_IN_AREA:
            addSystemChatMessage("You must be in the area to join '" + data.channelName + "'.");
            LOG_DEBUG("Cannot join channel ", data.channelName, " (not in area)");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::WRONG_PASSWORD:
            addSystemChatMessage("Wrong password for channel '" + data.channelName + "'.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::NOT_MEMBER:
            addSystemChatMessage("You are not in channel '" + data.channelName + "'.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::NOT_MODERATOR:
            addSystemChatMessage("You are not a moderator of '" + data.channelName + "'.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::MUTED:
            addSystemChatMessage("You are muted in channel '" + data.channelName + "'.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::BANNED:
            addSystemChatMessage("You are banned from channel '" + data.channelName + "'.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::THROTTLED:
            addSystemChatMessage("Channel '" + data.channelName + "' is throttled. Please wait.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::NOT_IN_LFG:
            addSystemChatMessage("You must be in a LFG queue to join '" + data.channelName + "'.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::PLAYER_KICKED:
            addSystemChatMessage("A player was kicked from '" + data.channelName + "'.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::PASSWORD_CHANGED:
            addSystemChatMessage("Password for '" + data.channelName + "' changed.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::OWNER_CHANGED:
            addSystemChatMessage("Owner of '" + data.channelName + "' changed.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::NOT_OWNER:
            addSystemChatMessage("You are not the owner of '" + data.channelName + "'.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::INVALID_NAME:
            addSystemChatMessage("Invalid channel name '" + data.channelName + "'.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::PLAYER_NOT_FOUND:
            addSystemChatMessage("Player not found.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::ANNOUNCEMENTS_ON:
            addSystemChatMessage("Channel '" + data.channelName + "': announcements enabled.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::ANNOUNCEMENTS_OFF:
            addSystemChatMessage("Channel '" + data.channelName + "': announcements disabled.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::MODERATION_ON:
            addSystemChatMessage("Channel '" + data.channelName + "' is now moderated.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::MODERATION_OFF:
            addSystemChatMessage("Channel '" + data.channelName + "' is no longer moderated.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::PLAYER_BANNED:
            addSystemChatMessage("A player was banned from '" + data.channelName + "'.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::PLAYER_UNBANNED:
            addSystemChatMessage("A player was unbanned from '" + data.channelName + "'.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::PLAYER_NOT_BANNED:
            addSystemChatMessage("That player is not banned from '" + data.channelName + "'.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::INVITE:
            addSystemChatMessage("You have been invited to join channel '" + data.channelName + "'.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::INVITE_WRONG_FACTION:
        case ChannelNotifyType::WRONG_FACTION:
            addSystemChatMessage("Wrong faction for channel '" + data.channelName + "'.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::NOT_MODERATED:
            addSystemChatMessage("Channel '" + data.channelName + "' is not moderated.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::PLAYER_INVITED:
            addSystemChatMessage("Player invited to channel '" + data.channelName + "'.");
            break;
        case ChannelNotifyType::PLAYER_INVITE_BANNED:
            addSystemChatMessage("That player is banned from '" + data.channelName + "'.");
            break;
        default:
            LOG_DEBUG("Channel notify type ", static_cast<int>(data.notifyType),
                     " for channel ", data.channelName);
            break;
    }
}

void GameHandler::autoJoinDefaultChannels() {
    LOG_INFO("autoJoinDefaultChannels: general=", chatAutoJoin.general,
             " trade=", chatAutoJoin.trade, " localDefense=", chatAutoJoin.localDefense,
             " lfg=", chatAutoJoin.lfg, " local=", chatAutoJoin.local);
    if (chatAutoJoin.general) joinChannel("General");
    if (chatAutoJoin.trade) joinChannel("Trade");
    if (chatAutoJoin.localDefense) joinChannel("LocalDefense");
    if (chatAutoJoin.lfg) joinChannel("LookingForGroup");
    if (chatAutoJoin.local) joinChannel("Local");
}

void GameHandler::setTarget(uint64_t guid) {
    if (guid == targetGuid) return;

    // Save previous target
    if (targetGuid != 0) {
        lastTargetGuid = targetGuid;
    }

    targetGuid = guid;

    // Clear stale aura data from the previous target so the buff bar shows
    // an empty state until the server sends SMSG_AURA_UPDATE_ALL for the new target.
    for (auto& slot : targetAuras) slot = AuraSlot{};

    // Clear previous target's cast bar on target change
    // (the new target's cast state is naturally fetched from unitCastStates_ by GUID)

    // Inform server of target selection (Phase 1)
    if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD && socket) {
        auto packet = SetSelectionPacket::build(guid);
        socket->send(packet);
    }

    if (guid != 0) {
        LOG_INFO("Target set: 0x", std::hex, guid, std::dec);
    }
}

void GameHandler::clearTarget() {
    if (targetGuid != 0) {
        LOG_INFO("Target cleared");
    }
    targetGuid = 0;
    tabCycleIndex = -1;
    tabCycleStale = true;
}

std::shared_ptr<Entity> GameHandler::getTarget() const {
    if (targetGuid == 0) return nullptr;
    return entityManager.getEntity(targetGuid);
}

void GameHandler::setFocus(uint64_t guid) {
    focusGuid = guid;
    if (guid != 0) {
        auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(guid);
        if (entity) {
            std::string name;
            auto unit = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Unit>(entity);
            if (unit && !unit->getName().empty()) {
                name = unit->getName();
            }
            if (name.empty()) {
                auto nit = playerNameCache.find(guid);
                if (nit != playerNameCache.end()) name = nit->second;
            }
            if (name.empty()) name = "Unknown";
            addSystemChatMessage("Focus set: " + name);
            LOG_INFO("Focus set: 0x", std::hex, guid, std::dec);
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::clearFocus() {
    if (focusGuid != 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("Focus cleared.");
        LOG_INFO("Focus cleared");
    }
    focusGuid = 0;
}

std::shared_ptr<Entity> GameHandler::getFocus() const {
    if (focusGuid == 0) return nullptr;
    return entityManager.getEntity(focusGuid);
}

void GameHandler::targetLastTarget() {
    if (lastTargetGuid == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("No previous target.");
        return;
    }

    // Swap current and last target
    uint64_t temp = targetGuid;
    setTarget(lastTargetGuid);
    lastTargetGuid = temp;
}

void GameHandler::targetEnemy(bool reverse) {
    // Get list of hostile entities
    std::vector<uint64_t> hostiles;
    auto& entities = entityManager.getEntities();

    for (const auto& [guid, entity] : entities) {
        if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT) {
            auto unit = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Unit>(entity);
            if (unit && guid != playerGuid && unit->isHostile()) {
                hostiles.push_back(guid);
            }
        }
    }

    if (hostiles.empty()) {
        addSystemChatMessage("No enemies in range.");
        return;
    }

    // Find current target in list
    auto it = std::find(hostiles.begin(), hostiles.end(), targetGuid);

    if (it == hostiles.end()) {
        // Not currently targeting a hostile, target first one
        setTarget(reverse ? hostiles.back() : hostiles.front());
    } else {
        // Cycle to next/previous
        if (reverse) {
            if (it == hostiles.begin()) {
                setTarget(hostiles.back());
            } else {
                setTarget(*(--it));
            }
        } else {
            ++it;
            if (it == hostiles.end()) {
                setTarget(hostiles.front());
            } else {
                setTarget(*it);
            }
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::targetFriend(bool reverse) {
    // Get list of friendly entities (players)
    std::vector<uint64_t> friendlies;
    auto& entities = entityManager.getEntities();

    for (const auto& [guid, entity] : entities) {
        if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::PLAYER && guid != playerGuid) {
            friendlies.push_back(guid);
        }
    }

    if (friendlies.empty()) {
        addSystemChatMessage("No friendly targets in range.");
        return;
    }

    // Find current target in list
    auto it = std::find(friendlies.begin(), friendlies.end(), targetGuid);

    if (it == friendlies.end()) {
        // Not currently targeting a friend, target first one
        setTarget(reverse ? friendlies.back() : friendlies.front());
    } else {
        // Cycle to next/previous
        if (reverse) {
            if (it == friendlies.begin()) {
                setTarget(friendlies.back());
            } else {
                setTarget(*(--it));
            }
        } else {
            ++it;
            if (it == friendlies.end()) {
                setTarget(friendlies.front());
            } else {
                setTarget(*it);
            }
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::inspectTarget() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot inspect: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    if (targetGuid == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You must target a player to inspect.");
        return;
    }

    auto target = getTarget();
    if (!target || target->getType() != ObjectType::PLAYER) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You can only inspect players.");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = InspectPacket::build(targetGuid);
    socket->send(packet);

    // WotLK: also query the player's achievement data so the inspect UI can display it
    if (isActiveExpansion("wotlk")) {
        auto achPkt = QueryInspectAchievementsPacket::build(targetGuid);
        socket->send(achPkt);
    }

    auto player = std::static_pointer_cast<Player>(target);
    std::string name = player->getName().empty() ? "Target" : player->getName();
    addSystemChatMessage("Inspecting " + name + "...");
    LOG_INFO("Sent inspect request for player: ", name, " (GUID: 0x", std::hex, targetGuid, std::dec, ")");
}

void GameHandler::queryServerTime() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot query time: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = QueryTimePacket::build();
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Requested server time");
}

void GameHandler::requestPlayedTime() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot request played time: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = RequestPlayedTimePacket::build(true);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Requested played time");
}

void GameHandler::queryWho(const std::string& playerName) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot query who: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = WhoPacket::build(0, 0, playerName);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Sent WHO query", playerName.empty() ? "" : " for: " + playerName);
}

void GameHandler::addFriend(const std::string& playerName, const std::string& note) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot add friend: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    if (playerName.empty()) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You must specify a player name.");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = AddFriendPacket::build(playerName, note);
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("Sending friend request to " + playerName + "...");
    LOG_INFO("Sent friend request to: ", playerName);
}

void GameHandler::removeFriend(const std::string& playerName) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot remove friend: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    if (playerName.empty()) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You must specify a player name.");
        return;
    }

    // Look up GUID from cache
    auto it = friendsCache.find(playerName);
    if (it == friendsCache.end()) {
        addSystemChatMessage(playerName + " is not in your friends list.");
        LOG_WARNING("Friend not found in cache: ", playerName);
        return;
    }

    auto packet = DelFriendPacket::build(it->second);
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("Removing " + playerName + " from friends list...");
    LOG_INFO("Sent remove friend request for: ", playerName, " (GUID: 0x", std::hex, it->second, std::dec, ")");
}

void GameHandler::setFriendNote(const std::string& playerName, const std::string& note) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot set friend note: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    if (playerName.empty()) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You must specify a player name.");
        return;
    }

    // Look up GUID from cache
    auto it = friendsCache.find(playerName);
    if (it == friendsCache.end()) {
        addSystemChatMessage(playerName + " is not in your friends list.");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = SetContactNotesPacket::build(it->second, note);
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("Updated note for " + playerName);
    LOG_INFO("Set friend note for: ", playerName);
}

void GameHandler::randomRoll(uint32_t minRoll, uint32_t maxRoll) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot roll: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    if (minRoll > maxRoll) {
        std::swap(minRoll, maxRoll);
    }

    if (maxRoll > 10000) {
        maxRoll = 10000;  // Cap at reasonable value
    }

    auto packet = RandomRollPacket::build(minRoll, maxRoll);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Rolled ", minRoll, "-", maxRoll);
}

void GameHandler::addIgnore(const std::string& playerName) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot add ignore: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    if (playerName.empty()) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You must specify a player name.");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = AddIgnorePacket::build(playerName);
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("Adding " + playerName + " to ignore list...");
    LOG_INFO("Sent ignore request for: ", playerName);
}

void GameHandler::removeIgnore(const std::string& playerName) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot remove ignore: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    if (playerName.empty()) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You must specify a player name.");
        return;
    }

    // Look up GUID from cache
    auto it = ignoreCache.find(playerName);
    if (it == ignoreCache.end()) {
        addSystemChatMessage(playerName + " is not in your ignore list.");
        LOG_WARNING("Ignored player not found in cache: ", playerName);
        return;
    }

    auto packet = DelIgnorePacket::build(it->second);
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("Removing " + playerName + " from ignore list...");
    ignoreCache.erase(it);
    LOG_INFO("Sent remove ignore request for: ", playerName, " (GUID: 0x", std::hex, it->second, std::dec, ")");
}

void GameHandler::requestLogout() {
    if (!socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot logout: not connected");
        return;
    }

    if (loggingOut_) {
        addSystemChatMessage("Already logging out.");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = LogoutRequestPacket::build();
    socket->send(packet);
    loggingOut_ = true;
    LOG_INFO("Sent logout request");
}

void GameHandler::cancelLogout() {
    if (!socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot cancel logout: not connected");
        return;
    }

    if (!loggingOut_) {
        addSystemChatMessage("Not currently logging out.");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = LogoutCancelPacket::build();
    socket->send(packet);
    loggingOut_ = false;
    logoutCountdown_ = 0.0f;
    addSystemChatMessage("Logout cancelled.");
    LOG_INFO("Cancelled logout");
}

void GameHandler::setStandState(uint8_t standState) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot change stand state: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = StandStateChangePacket::build(standState);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Changed stand state to: ", (int)standState);
}

void GameHandler::toggleHelm() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot toggle helm: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    helmVisible_ = !helmVisible_;
    auto packet = ShowingHelmPacket::build(helmVisible_);
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage(helmVisible_ ? "Helm is now visible." : "Helm is now hidden.");
    LOG_INFO("Helm visibility toggled: ", helmVisible_);
}

void GameHandler::toggleCloak() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot toggle cloak: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    cloakVisible_ = !cloakVisible_;
    auto packet = ShowingCloakPacket::build(cloakVisible_);
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage(cloakVisible_ ? "Cloak is now visible." : "Cloak is now hidden.");
    LOG_INFO("Cloak visibility toggled: ", cloakVisible_);
}

void GameHandler::followTarget() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot follow: not in world");
        return;
    }

    if (targetGuid == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You must target someone to follow.");
        return;
    }

    auto target = getTarget();
    if (!target) {
        addSystemChatMessage("Invalid target.");
        return;
    }

    // Set follow target
    followTargetGuid_ = targetGuid;

    // Get target name
    std::string targetName = "Target";
    if (target->getType() == ObjectType::PLAYER) {
        auto player = std::static_pointer_cast<Player>(target);
        if (!player->getName().empty()) {
            targetName = player->getName();
        }
    } else if (target->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT) {
        auto unit = std::static_pointer_cast<Unit>(target);
        targetName = unit->getName();
    }

    addSystemChatMessage("Now following " + targetName + ".");
    LOG_INFO("Following target: ", targetName, " (GUID: 0x", std::hex, targetGuid, std::dec, ")");
}

void GameHandler::cancelFollow() {
    if (followTargetGuid_ == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You are not following anyone.");
        return;
    }
    followTargetGuid_ = 0;
    addSystemChatMessage("You stop following.");
}

void GameHandler::assistTarget() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot assist: not in world");
        return;
    }

    if (targetGuid == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You must target someone to assist.");
        return;
    }

    auto target = getTarget();
    if (!target) {
        addSystemChatMessage("Invalid target.");
        return;
    }

    // Get target name
    std::string targetName = "Target";
    if (target->getType() == ObjectType::PLAYER) {
        auto player = std::static_pointer_cast<Player>(target);
        if (!player->getName().empty()) {
            targetName = player->getName();
        }
    } else if (target->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT) {
        auto unit = std::static_pointer_cast<Unit>(target);
        targetName = unit->getName();
    }

    // Try to read target GUID from update fields (UNIT_FIELD_TARGET)
    uint64_t assistTargetGuid = 0;
    const auto& fields = target->getFields();
    auto it = fields.find(fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_TARGET_LO));
    if (it != fields.end()) {
        assistTargetGuid = it->second;
        auto it2 = fields.find(fieldIndex(UF::UNIT_FIELD_TARGET_HI));
        if (it2 != fields.end()) {
            assistTargetGuid |= (static_cast<uint64_t>(it2->second) << 32);
        }
    }

    if (assistTargetGuid == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage(targetName + " has no target.");
        LOG_INFO("Assist: ", targetName, " has no target");
        return;
    }

    // Set our target to their target
    setTarget(assistTargetGuid);
    LOG_INFO("Assisting ", targetName, ", now targeting GUID: 0x", std::hex, assistTargetGuid, std::dec);
}

void GameHandler::togglePvp() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot toggle PvP: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = TogglePvpPacket::build();
    socket->send(packet);
    // Check current PVP state from player's UNIT_FIELD_FLAGS (index 59)
    // UNIT_FLAG_PVP = 0x00001000
    auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(playerGuid);
    bool currentlyPvp = false;
    if (entity) {
        currentlyPvp = (entity->getField(59) & 0x00001000) != 0;
    }
    // We're toggling, so report the NEW state
    if (currentlyPvp) {
        addSystemChatMessage("PvP flag disabled.");
    } else {
        addSystemChatMessage("PvP flag enabled.");
    }
    LOG_INFO("Toggled PvP flag");
}

void GameHandler::requestGuildInfo() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot request guild info: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = GuildInfoPacket::build();
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Requested guild info");
}

void GameHandler::requestGuildRoster() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot request guild roster: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = GuildRosterPacket::build();
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("Requesting guild roster...");
    LOG_INFO("Requested guild roster");
}

void GameHandler::setGuildMotd(const std::string& motd) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot set guild MOTD: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = GuildMotdPacket::build(motd);
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("Guild MOTD updated.");
    LOG_INFO("Set guild MOTD: ", motd);
}

void GameHandler::promoteGuildMember(const std::string& playerName) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot promote guild member: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    if (playerName.empty()) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You must specify a player name.");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = GuildPromotePacket::build(playerName);
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("Promoting " + playerName + "...");
    LOG_INFO("Promoting guild member: ", playerName);
}

void GameHandler::demoteGuildMember(const std::string& playerName) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot demote guild member: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    if (playerName.empty()) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You must specify a player name.");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = GuildDemotePacket::build(playerName);
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("Demoting " + playerName + "...");
    LOG_INFO("Demoting guild member: ", playerName);
}

void GameHandler::leaveGuild() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot leave guild: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = GuildLeavePacket::build();
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("Leaving guild...");
    LOG_INFO("Leaving guild");
}

void GameHandler::inviteToGuild(const std::string& playerName) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot invite to guild: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    if (playerName.empty()) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You must specify a player name.");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = GuildInvitePacket::build(playerName);
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("Inviting " + playerName + " to guild...");
    LOG_INFO("Inviting to guild: ", playerName);
}

void GameHandler::initiateReadyCheck() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot initiate ready check: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    if (!isInGroup()) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You must be in a group to initiate a ready check.");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = ReadyCheckPacket::build();
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("Ready check initiated.");
    LOG_INFO("Initiated ready check");
}

void GameHandler::respondToReadyCheck(bool ready) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot respond to ready check: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = ReadyCheckConfirmPacket::build(ready);
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage(ready ? "You are ready." : "You are not ready.");
    LOG_INFO("Responded to ready check: ", ready ? "ready" : "not ready");
}

void GameHandler::acceptDuel() {
    if (!pendingDuelRequest_ || state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    pendingDuelRequest_ = false;
    auto pkt = DuelAcceptPacket::build();
    socket->send(pkt);
    addSystemChatMessage("You accept the duel.");
    LOG_INFO("Accepted duel from guid=0x", std::hex, duelChallengerGuid_, std::dec);
}

void GameHandler::forfeitDuel() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot forfeit duel: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }
    pendingDuelRequest_ = false;  // cancel request if still pending
    auto packet = DuelCancelPacket::build();
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("You have forfeited the duel.");
    LOG_INFO("Forfeited duel");
}

void GameHandler::handleDuelRequested(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 16) {
        packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
        return;
    }
    duelChallengerGuid_ = packet.readUInt64();
    duelFlagGuid_       = packet.readUInt64();

    // Resolve challenger name from entity list
    duelChallengerName_.clear();
    auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(duelChallengerGuid_);
    if (auto* unit = dynamic_cast<Unit*>(entity.get())) {
        duelChallengerName_ = unit->getName();
    }
    if (duelChallengerName_.empty()) {
        auto nit = playerNameCache.find(duelChallengerGuid_);
        if (nit != playerNameCache.end())
            duelChallengerName_ = nit->second;
    }
    if (duelChallengerName_.empty()) {
        char tmp[32];
        std::snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "0x%llX",
                      static_cast<unsigned long long>(duelChallengerGuid_));
        duelChallengerName_ = tmp;
    }
    pendingDuelRequest_ = true;

    addSystemChatMessage(duelChallengerName_ + " challenges you to a duel!");
    if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
        if (auto* sfx = renderer->getUiSoundManager())
            sfx->playTargetSelect();
    }
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_DUEL_REQUESTED: challenger=0x", std::hex, duelChallengerGuid_,
             " flag=0x", duelFlagGuid_, std::dec, " name=", duelChallengerName_);
}

void GameHandler::handleDuelComplete(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) return;
    uint8_t started = packet.readUInt8();
    // started=1: duel began, started=0: duel was cancelled before starting
    pendingDuelRequest_ = false;
    duelCountdownMs_    = 0; // clear countdown once duel is resolved
    if (!started) {
        addSystemChatMessage("The duel was cancelled.");
    }
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_DUEL_COMPLETE: started=", static_cast<int>(started));
}

void GameHandler::handleDuelWinner(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 3) return;
    uint8_t duelType = packet.readUInt8();  // 0=normal win, 1=opponent fled duel area
    std::string winner = packet.readString();
    std::string loser  = packet.readString();

    std::string msg;
    if (duelType == 1) {
        msg = loser + " has fled from the duel. " + winner + " wins!";
    } else {
        msg = winner + " has defeated " + loser + " in a duel!";
    }
    addSystemChatMessage(msg);
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_DUEL_WINNER: winner=", winner, " loser=", loser, " type=", static_cast<int>(duelType));
}

void GameHandler::toggleAfk(const std::string& message) {
    afkStatus_ = !afkStatus_;
    afkMessage_ = message;

    if (afkStatus_) {
        if (message.empty()) {
            addSystemChatMessage("You are now AFK.");
        } else {
            addSystemChatMessage("You are now AFK: " + message);
        }
        // If DND was active, turn it off
        if (dndStatus_) {
            dndStatus_ = false;
            dndMessage_.clear();
        }
    } else {
        addSystemChatMessage("You are no longer AFK.");
        afkMessage_.clear();
    }

    LOG_INFO("AFK status: ", afkStatus_, ", message: ", message);
}

void GameHandler::toggleDnd(const std::string& message) {
    dndStatus_ = !dndStatus_;
    dndMessage_ = message;

    if (dndStatus_) {
        if (message.empty()) {
            addSystemChatMessage("You are now DND (Do Not Disturb).");
        } else {
            addSystemChatMessage("You are now DND: " + message);
        }
        // If AFK was active, turn it off
        if (afkStatus_) {
            afkStatus_ = false;
            afkMessage_.clear();
        }
    } else {
        addSystemChatMessage("You are no longer DND.");
        dndMessage_.clear();
    }

    LOG_INFO("DND status: ", dndStatus_, ", message: ", message);
}

void GameHandler::replyToLastWhisper(const std::string& message) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot send whisper: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    if (lastWhisperSender_.empty()) {
        addSystemChatMessage("No one has whispered you yet.");
        return;
    }

    if (message.empty()) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You must specify a message to send.");
        return;
    }

    // Send whisper using the standard message chat function
    sendChatMessage(ChatType::WHISPER, message, lastWhisperSender_);
    LOG_INFO("Replied to ", lastWhisperSender_, ": ", message);
}

void GameHandler::uninvitePlayer(const std::string& playerName) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot uninvite player: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    if (playerName.empty()) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You must specify a player name to uninvite.");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = GroupUninvitePacket::build(playerName);
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("Removed " + playerName + " from the group.");
    LOG_INFO("Uninvited player: ", playerName);
}

void GameHandler::leaveParty() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot leave party: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = GroupDisbandPacket::build();
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("You have left the group.");
    LOG_INFO("Left party/raid");
}

void GameHandler::setMainTank(uint64_t targetGuid) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot set main tank: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    if (targetGuid == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You must have a target selected.");
        return;
    }

    // Main tank uses index 0
    auto packet = RaidTargetUpdatePacket::build(0, targetGuid);
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("Main tank set.");
    LOG_INFO("Set main tank: 0x", std::hex, targetGuid, std::dec);
}

void GameHandler::setMainAssist(uint64_t targetGuid) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot set main assist: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    if (targetGuid == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You must have a target selected.");
        return;
    }

    // Main assist uses index 1
    auto packet = RaidTargetUpdatePacket::build(1, targetGuid);
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("Main assist set.");
    LOG_INFO("Set main assist: 0x", std::hex, targetGuid, std::dec);
}

void GameHandler::clearMainTank() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot clear main tank: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    // Clear main tank by setting GUID to 0
    auto packet = RaidTargetUpdatePacket::build(0, 0);
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("Main tank cleared.");
    LOG_INFO("Cleared main tank");
}

void GameHandler::clearMainAssist() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot clear main assist: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    // Clear main assist by setting GUID to 0
    auto packet = RaidTargetUpdatePacket::build(1, 0);
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("Main assist cleared.");
    LOG_INFO("Cleared main assist");
}

void GameHandler::setRaidMark(uint64_t guid, uint8_t icon) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;

    static const char* kMarkNames[] = {
        "Star", "Circle", "Diamond", "Triangle", "Moon", "Square", "Cross", "Skull"
    };

    if (icon == 0xFF) {
        // Clear mark: find which slot this guid holds and send 0 GUID
        for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
            if (raidTargetGuids_[i] == guid) {
                auto packet = RaidTargetUpdatePacket::build(static_cast<uint8_t>(i), 0);
                socket->send(packet);
                break;
            }
        }
    } else if (icon < 8) {
        auto packet = RaidTargetUpdatePacket::build(icon, guid);
        socket->send(packet);
        LOG_INFO("Set raid mark %s on guid %llu", kMarkNames[icon], (unsigned long long)guid);
    }
}

void GameHandler::requestRaidInfo() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot request raid info: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = RequestRaidInfoPacket::build();
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("Requesting raid lockout information...");
    LOG_INFO("Requested raid info");
}

void GameHandler::proposeDuel(uint64_t targetGuid) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot propose duel: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    if (targetGuid == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You must target a player to challenge to a duel.");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = DuelProposedPacket::build(targetGuid);
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("You have challenged your target to a duel.");
    LOG_INFO("Proposed duel to target: 0x", std::hex, targetGuid, std::dec);
}

void GameHandler::initiateTrade(uint64_t targetGuid) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot initiate trade: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    if (targetGuid == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You must target a player to trade with.");
        return;
    }

    auto packet = InitiateTradePacket::build(targetGuid);
    socket->send(packet);
    addSystemChatMessage("Requesting trade with target.");
    LOG_INFO("Initiated trade with target: 0x", std::hex, targetGuid, std::dec);
}

void GameHandler::stopCasting() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot stop casting: not in world or not connected");
        return;
    }

    if (!casting) {
        return; // Not casting anything
    }

    // Send cancel cast packet only for real spell casts.
    if (pendingGameObjectInteractGuid_ == 0 && currentCastSpellId != 0) {
        auto packet = CancelCastPacket::build(currentCastSpellId);
        socket->send(packet);
    }

    // Reset casting state
    casting = false;
    castIsChannel = false;
    currentCastSpellId = 0;
    pendingGameObjectInteractGuid_ = 0;
    lastInteractedGoGuid_ = 0;
    castTimeRemaining = 0.0f;
    castTimeTotal = 0.0f;

    LOG_INFO("Cancelled spell cast");
}

void GameHandler::releaseSpirit() {
    if (socket && state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
        auto now = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
            std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count();
        if (repopPending_ && now - static_cast<int64_t>(lastRepopRequestMs_) < 1000) {
            return;
        }
        auto packet = RepopRequestPacket::build();
        socket->send(packet);
        releasedSpirit_ = true;
        repopPending_ = true;
        lastRepopRequestMs_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(now);
        LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_REPOP_REQUEST (Release Spirit)");
    }
}

bool GameHandler::canReclaimCorpse() const {
    if (!releasedSpirit_ || corpseMapId_ == 0) return false;
    // Only if ghost is on the same map as their corpse
    if (currentMapId_ != corpseMapId_) return false;
    // movementInfo.x/y are canonical (x=north=server_y, y=west=server_x).
    // corpseX_/Y_ are raw server coords (x=west, y=north).
    // Convert corpse to canonical before comparing.
    float dx = movementInfo.x - corpseY_;  // canonical north - server.y
    float dy = movementInfo.y - corpseX_;  // canonical west  - server.x
    float dz = movementInfo.z - corpseZ_;
    return (dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz) <= (40.0f * 40.0f);
}

void GameHandler::reclaimCorpse() {
    if (!canReclaimCorpse() || !socket) return;
    // Reclaim expects the corpse object guid when known; fallback to player guid.
    uint64_t reclaimGuid = (corpseGuid_ != 0) ? corpseGuid_ : playerGuid;
    auto packet = ReclaimCorpsePacket::build(reclaimGuid);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_RECLAIM_CORPSE for guid=0x", std::hex, reclaimGuid, std::dec,
             (corpseGuid_ == 0 ? " (fallback player guid)" : ""));
}

void GameHandler::activateSpiritHealer(uint64_t npcGuid) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    pendingSpiritHealerGuid_ = npcGuid;
    auto packet = SpiritHealerActivatePacket::build(npcGuid);
    socket->send(packet);
    resurrectPending_ = true;
    LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_SPIRIT_HEALER_ACTIVATE for 0x", std::hex, npcGuid, std::dec);
}

void GameHandler::acceptResurrect() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket || !resurrectRequestPending_) return;
    if (resurrectIsSpiritHealer_) {
        // Spirit healer resurrection — SMSG_SPIRIT_HEALER_CONFIRM → CMSG_SPIRIT_HEALER_ACTIVATE
        auto activate = SpiritHealerActivatePacket::build(resurrectCasterGuid_);
        socket->send(activate);
        LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_SPIRIT_HEALER_ACTIVATE for 0x",
                 std::hex, resurrectCasterGuid_, std::dec);
    } else {
        // Player-cast resurrection — SMSG_RESURRECT_REQUEST → CMSG_RESURRECT_RESPONSE (accept=1)
        auto resp = ResurrectResponsePacket::build(resurrectCasterGuid_, true);
        socket->send(resp);
        LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_RESURRECT_RESPONSE (accept) for 0x",
                 std::hex, resurrectCasterGuid_, std::dec);
    }
    resurrectRequestPending_ = false;
    resurrectPending_ = true;
}

void GameHandler::declineResurrect() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket || !resurrectRequestPending_) return;
    auto resp = ResurrectResponsePacket::build(resurrectCasterGuid_, false);
    socket->send(resp);
    LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_RESURRECT_RESPONSE (decline) for 0x",
             std::hex, resurrectCasterGuid_, std::dec);
    resurrectRequestPending_ = false;
}

void GameHandler::tabTarget(float playerX, float playerY, float playerZ) {
    // Helper: returns true if the entity is a living hostile that can be tab-targeted.
    auto isValidTabTarget = [&](const std::shared_ptr<Entity>& e) -> bool {
        if (!e) return false;
        const uint64_t guid = e->getGuid();
        auto* unit = dynamic_cast<Unit*>(e.get());
        if (!unit) return false;           // Not a unit (shouldn't happen after type filter)
        if (unit->getHealth() == 0) {
            // Dead corpse: only targetable if it has loot or is skinnableable
            // If corpse was looted and is now empty, skip it (except for skinning)
            auto lootIt = localLootState_.find(guid);
            if (lootIt == localLootState_.end() || lootIt->second.data.items.empty()) {
                // No loot data or all items taken; check if skinnableable
                // For now, skip empty looted corpses (proper skinning check requires
                // creature type data that may not be immediately available)
                return false;
            }
            // Has unlooted items available
            return true;
        }
        const bool hostileByFaction = unit->isHostile();
        const bool hostileByCombat = isAggressiveTowardPlayer(guid);
        if (!hostileByFaction && !hostileByCombat) return false;
        return true;
    };

    // Rebuild cycle list if stale (entity added/removed since last tab press).
    if (tabCycleStale) {
        tabCycleList.clear();
        tabCycleIndex = -1;

        struct EntityDist { uint64_t guid; float distance; };
        std::vector<EntityDist> sortable;

        for (const auto& [guid, entity] : entityManager.getEntities()) {
            auto t = entity->getType();
            if (t != ObjectType::UNIT && t != ObjectType::PLAYER) continue;
            if (guid == playerGuid) continue;
            if (!isValidTabTarget(entity)) continue;  // Skip dead / non-hostile
            float dx = entity->getX() - playerX;
            float dy = entity->getY() - playerY;
            float dz = entity->getZ() - playerZ;
            sortable.push_back({guid, std::sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz)});
        }

        std::sort(sortable.begin(), sortable.end(),
                  [](const EntityDist& a, const EntityDist& b) { return a.distance < b.distance; });

        for (const auto& ed : sortable) {
            tabCycleList.push_back(ed.guid);
        }
        tabCycleStale = false;
    }

    if (tabCycleList.empty()) {
        clearTarget();
        return;
    }

    // Advance through the cycle, skipping any entry that has since died or
    // turned friendly (e.g. NPC killed between two tab presses).
    int tries = static_cast<int>(tabCycleList.size());
    while (tries-- > 0) {
        tabCycleIndex = (tabCycleIndex + 1) % static_cast<int>(tabCycleList.size());
        uint64_t guid = tabCycleList[tabCycleIndex];
        auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(guid);
        if (isValidTabTarget(entity)) {
            setTarget(guid);
            return;
        }
    }

    // All cached entries are stale — clear target and force a fresh rebuild next time.
    tabCycleStale = true;
    clearTarget();
}

void GameHandler::addLocalChatMessage(const MessageChatData& msg) {
    chatHistory.push_back(msg);
    if (chatHistory.size() > maxChatHistory) {
        chatHistory.pop_front();
    }
}

// ============================================================
// Phase 1: Name Queries
// ============================================================

void GameHandler::queryPlayerName(uint64_t guid) {
    // If already cached, apply the name to the entity (handles entity recreation after
    // moving out/in range — the entity object is new but the cached name is valid).
    auto cacheIt = playerNameCache.find(guid);
    if (cacheIt != playerNameCache.end()) {
        auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(guid);
        if (entity && entity->getType() == ObjectType::PLAYER) {
            auto player = std::static_pointer_cast<Player>(entity);
            if (player->getName().empty()) {
                player->setName(cacheIt->second);
            }
        }
        return;
    }
    if (pendingNameQueries.count(guid)) return;
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_INFO("queryPlayerName: skipped guid=0x", std::hex, guid, std::dec,
                 " state=", worldStateName(state), " socket=", (socket ? "yes" : "no"));
        return;
    }

    LOG_INFO("queryPlayerName: sending CMSG_NAME_QUERY for guid=0x", std::hex, guid, std::dec);
    pendingNameQueries.insert(guid);
    auto packet = NameQueryPacket::build(guid);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::queryCreatureInfo(uint32_t entry, uint64_t guid) {
    if (creatureInfoCache.count(entry) || pendingCreatureQueries.count(entry)) return;
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;

    pendingCreatureQueries.insert(entry);
    auto packet = CreatureQueryPacket::build(entry, guid);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::queryGameObjectInfo(uint32_t entry, uint64_t guid) {
    if (gameObjectInfoCache_.count(entry) || pendingGameObjectQueries_.count(entry)) return;
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;

    pendingGameObjectQueries_.insert(entry);
    auto packet = GameObjectQueryPacket::build(entry, guid);
    socket->send(packet);
}

std::string GameHandler::getCachedPlayerName(uint64_t guid) const {
    auto it = playerNameCache.find(guid);
    return (it != playerNameCache.end()) ? it->second : "";
}

std::string GameHandler::getCachedCreatureName(uint32_t entry) const {
    auto it = creatureInfoCache.find(entry);
    return (it != creatureInfoCache.end()) ? it->second.name : "";
}

void GameHandler::handleNameQueryResponse(network::Packet& packet) {
    NameQueryResponseData data;
    if (!packetParsers_ || !packetParsers_->parseNameQueryResponse(packet, data)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_NAME_QUERY_RESPONSE (size=", packet.getSize(), ")");
        return;
    }

    pendingNameQueries.erase(data.guid);

    LOG_INFO("Name query response: guid=0x", std::hex, data.guid, std::dec,
             " found=", (int)data.found, " name='", data.name, "'",
             " race=", (int)data.race, " class=", (int)data.classId);

    if (data.isValid()) {
        playerNameCache[data.guid] = data.name;
        // Update entity name
        auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(data.guid);
        if (entity && entity->getType() == ObjectType::PLAYER) {
            auto player = std::static_pointer_cast<Player>(entity);
            player->setName(data.name);
        }

        // Backfill chat history entries that arrived before we knew the name.
        for (auto& msg : chatHistory) {
            if (msg.senderGuid == data.guid && msg.senderName.empty()) {
                msg.senderName = data.name;
            }
        }

        // Backfill mail inbox sender names
        for (auto& mail : mailInbox_) {
            if (mail.messageType == 0 && mail.senderGuid == data.guid) {
                mail.senderName = data.name;
            }
        }

        // Backfill friend list: if this GUID came from a friend list packet,
        // register the name in friendsCache now that we know it.
        if (friendGuids_.count(data.guid)) {
            friendsCache[data.name] = data.guid;
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleCreatureQueryResponse(network::Packet& packet) {
    CreatureQueryResponseData data;
    if (!packetParsers_->parseCreatureQueryResponse(packet, data)) return;

    pendingCreatureQueries.erase(data.entry);

    if (data.isValid()) {
        creatureInfoCache[data.entry] = data;
        // Update all unit entities with this entry
        for (auto& [guid, entity] : entityManager.getEntities()) {
            if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT) {
                auto unit = std::static_pointer_cast<Unit>(entity);
                if (unit->getEntry() == data.entry) {
                    unit->setName(data.name);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

// ============================================================
// GameObject Query
// ============================================================

void GameHandler::handleGameObjectQueryResponse(network::Packet& packet) {
    GameObjectQueryResponseData data;
    bool ok = packetParsers_ ? packetParsers_->parseGameObjectQueryResponse(packet, data)
                             : GameObjectQueryResponseParser::parse(packet, data);
    if (!ok) return;

    pendingGameObjectQueries_.erase(data.entry);

    if (data.isValid()) {
        gameObjectInfoCache_[data.entry] = data;
        // Update all gameobject entities with this entry
        for (auto& [guid, entity] : entityManager.getEntities()) {
            if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::GAMEOBJECT) {
                auto go = std::static_pointer_cast<GameObject>(entity);
                if (go->getEntry() == data.entry) {
                    go->setName(data.name);
                }
            }
        }

        // MO_TRANSPORT (type 15): assign TaxiPathNode path if available
        if (data.type == 15 && data.hasData && data.data[0] != 0 && transportManager_) {
            uint32_t taxiPathId = data.data[0];
            if (transportManager_->hasTaxiPath(taxiPathId)) {
                if (transportManager_->assignTaxiPathToTransport(data.entry, taxiPathId)) {
                    LOG_DEBUG("MO_TRANSPORT entry=", data.entry, " assigned TaxiPathNode path ", taxiPathId);
                }
            } else {
                LOG_DEBUG("MO_TRANSPORT entry=", data.entry, " taxiPathId=", taxiPathId,
                         " not found in TaxiPathNode.dbc");
            }
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleGameObjectPageText(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) return;
    uint64_t guid = packet.readUInt64();
    auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(guid);
    if (!entity || entity->getType() != ObjectType::GAMEOBJECT) return;

    auto go = std::static_pointer_cast<GameObject>(entity);
    uint32_t entry = go->getEntry();
    if (entry == 0) return;

    auto cacheIt = gameObjectInfoCache_.find(entry);
    if (cacheIt == gameObjectInfoCache_.end()) {
        queryGameObjectInfo(entry, guid);
        return;
    }

    const GameObjectQueryResponseData& info = cacheIt->second;
    uint32_t pageId = 0;
    // AzerothCore layout:
    // type 9 (TEXT): data[0]=pageID
    // type 10 (GOOBER): data[7]=pageId
    if (info.type == 9) pageId = info.data[0];
    else if (info.type == 10) pageId = info.data[7];

    if (pageId != 0 && socket && state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
        bookPages_.clear();  // start a fresh book for this interaction
        auto req = PageTextQueryPacket::build(pageId, guid);
        socket->send(req);
        return;
    }

    if (!info.name.empty()) {
        addSystemChatMessage(info.name);
    }
}

void GameHandler::handlePageTextQueryResponse(network::Packet& packet) {
    PageTextQueryResponseData data;
    if (!PageTextQueryResponseParser::parse(packet, data)) return;

    if (!data.isValid()) return;

    // Append page if not already collected
    bool alreadyHave = false;
    for (const auto& bp : bookPages_) {
        if (bp.pageId == data.pageId) { alreadyHave = true; break; }
    }
    if (!alreadyHave) {
        bookPages_.push_back({data.pageId, data.text});
    }

    // Follow the chain: if there's a next page we haven't fetched yet, request it
    if (data.nextPageId != 0) {
        bool nextHave = false;
        for (const auto& bp : bookPages_) {
            if (bp.pageId == data.nextPageId) { nextHave = true; break; }
        }
        if (!nextHave && socket && state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
            auto req = PageTextQueryPacket::build(data.nextPageId, playerGuid);
            socket->send(req);
        }
    }
    LOG_DEBUG("handlePageTextQueryResponse: pageId=", data.pageId,
              " nextPage=", data.nextPageId,
              " totalPages=", bookPages_.size());
}

// ============================================================
// Item Query
// ============================================================

void GameHandler::queryItemInfo(uint32_t entry, uint64_t guid) {
    if (itemInfoCache_.count(entry) || pendingItemQueries_.count(entry)) return;
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;

    pendingItemQueries_.insert(entry);
    // Some cores reject CMSG_ITEM_QUERY_SINGLE when the GUID is 0.
    // If we don't have the item object's GUID (e.g. visible equipment decoding),
    // fall back to the player's GUID to keep the request non-zero.
    uint64_t queryGuid = (guid != 0) ? guid : playerGuid;
    auto packet = packetParsers_
        ? packetParsers_->buildItemQuery(entry, queryGuid)
        : ItemQueryPacket::build(entry, queryGuid);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_DEBUG("queryItemInfo: entry=", entry, " guid=0x", std::hex, queryGuid, std::dec,
              " pending=", pendingItemQueries_.size());
}

void GameHandler::handleItemQueryResponse(network::Packet& packet) {
    ItemQueryResponseData data;
    bool parsed = packetParsers_
        ? packetParsers_->parseItemQueryResponse(packet, data)
        : ItemQueryResponseParser::parse(packet, data);
    if (!parsed) {
        LOG_WARNING("handleItemQueryResponse: parse failed, size=", packet.getSize());
        return;
    }

    pendingItemQueries_.erase(data.entry);
    LOG_DEBUG("handleItemQueryResponse: entry=", data.entry, " name='", data.name,
              "' displayInfoId=", data.displayInfoId, " pending=", pendingItemQueries_.size());

    if (data.valid) {
        itemInfoCache_[data.entry] = data;
        rebuildOnlineInventory();
        maybeDetectVisibleItemLayout();

        // Selectively re-emit only players whose equipment references this item entry
        const uint32_t resolvedEntry = data.entry;
        for (const auto& [guid, entries] : otherPlayerVisibleItemEntries_) {
            for (uint32_t e : entries) {
                if (e == resolvedEntry) {
                    emitOtherPlayerEquipment(guid);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        // Same for inspect-based entries
        if (playerEquipmentCallback_) {
            for (const auto& [guid, entries] : inspectedPlayerItemEntries_) {
                bool relevant = false;
                for (uint32_t e : entries) {
                    if (e == resolvedEntry) { relevant = true; break; }
                }
                if (!relevant) continue;
                std::array<uint32_t, 19> displayIds{};
                std::array<uint8_t, 19> invTypes{};
                for (int s = 0; s < 19; s++) {
                    uint32_t entry = entries[s];
                    if (entry == 0) continue;
                    auto infoIt = itemInfoCache_.find(entry);
                    if (infoIt == itemInfoCache_.end()) continue;
                    displayIds[s] = infoIt->second.displayInfoId;
                    invTypes[s] = static_cast<uint8_t>(infoIt->second.inventoryType);
                }
                playerEquipmentCallback_(guid, displayIds, invTypes);
            }
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleInspectResults(network::Packet& packet) {
    // SMSG_TALENTS_INFO (0x3F4) format:
    // uint8 talentType: 0 = own talents (sent on login/respec), 1 = inspect result
    // If type==1: PackedGUID of inspected player
    // Then: uint32 unspentTalents, uint8 talentGroupCount, uint8 activeTalentGroup
    // Per talent group: uint8 talentCount, [talentId(u32) + rank(u8)]..., uint8 glyphCount, [glyphId(u16)]...
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) return;

    uint8_t talentType = packet.readUInt8();

    if (talentType == 0) {
        // Own talent info (type 0): uint32 unspentTalents, uint8 groupCount, uint8 activeGroup
        // Per group: uint8 talentCount, [talentId(4)+rank(1)]..., uint8 glyphCount, [glyphId(2)]...
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 6) {
            LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_TALENTS_INFO type=0: too short");
            return;
        }
        uint32_t unspentTalents    = packet.readUInt32();
        uint8_t  talentGroupCount  = packet.readUInt8();
        uint8_t  activeTalentGroup = packet.readUInt8();

        if (activeTalentGroup > 1) activeTalentGroup = 0;
        activeTalentSpec_ = activeTalentGroup;

        for (uint8_t g = 0; g < talentGroupCount && g < 2; ++g) {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) break;
            uint8_t talentCount = packet.readUInt8();
            learnedTalents_[g].clear();
            for (uint8_t t = 0; t < talentCount; ++t) {
                if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 5) break;
                uint32_t talentId = packet.readUInt32();
                uint8_t  rank     = packet.readUInt8();
                learnedTalents_[g][talentId] = rank + 1u; // wire sends 0-indexed; store 1-indexed
            }
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) break;
            learnedGlyphs_[g].fill(0);
            uint8_t glyphCount = packet.readUInt8();
            for (uint8_t gl = 0; gl < glyphCount; ++gl) {
                if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 2) break;
                uint16_t glyphId = packet.readUInt16();
                if (gl < MAX_GLYPH_SLOTS) learnedGlyphs_[g][gl] = glyphId;
            }
        }

        unspentTalentPoints_[activeTalentGroup] = static_cast<uint8_t>(
            unspentTalents > 255 ? 255 : unspentTalents);

        if (!talentsInitialized_) {
            talentsInitialized_ = true;
            if (unspentTalents > 0) {
                addSystemChatMessage("You have " + std::to_string(unspentTalents)
                    + " unspent talent point" + (unspentTalents != 1 ? "s" : "") + ".");
            }
        }

        LOG_INFO("SMSG_TALENTS_INFO type=0: unspent=", unspentTalents,
                 " groups=", (int)talentGroupCount, " active=", (int)activeTalentGroup,
                 " learned=", learnedTalents_[activeTalentGroup].size());
        return;
    }

    // talentType == 1: inspect result
    // WotLK: packed GUID; TBC: full uint64
    const bool talentTbc = isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc");
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (talentTbc ? 8u : 2u)) return;

    uint64_t guid = talentTbc
        ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
    if (guid == 0) return;

    size_t bytesLeft = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
    if (bytesLeft < 6) {
        LOG_WARNING("SMSG_TALENTS_INFO: too short after guid, ", bytesLeft, " bytes");
        auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(guid);
        std::string name = "Target";
        if (entity) {
            auto player = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Player>(entity);
            if (player && !player->getName().empty()) name = player->getName();
        }
        addSystemChatMessage("Inspecting " + name + " (no talent data available).");
        return;
    }

    uint32_t unspentTalents = packet.readUInt32();
    uint8_t talentGroupCount = packet.readUInt8();
    uint8_t activeTalentGroup = packet.readUInt8();

    // Resolve player name
    auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(guid);
    std::string playerName = "Target";
    if (entity) {
        auto player = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Player>(entity);
        if (player && !player->getName().empty()) playerName = player->getName();
    }

    // Parse talent groups
    uint32_t totalTalents = 0;
    for (uint8_t g = 0; g < talentGroupCount && g < 2; ++g) {
        bytesLeft = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
        if (bytesLeft < 1) break;

        uint8_t talentCount = packet.readUInt8();
        for (uint8_t t = 0; t < talentCount; ++t) {
            bytesLeft = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
            if (bytesLeft < 5) break;
            packet.readUInt32(); // talentId
            packet.readUInt8();  // rank
            totalTalents++;
        }

        bytesLeft = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
        if (bytesLeft < 1) break;
        uint8_t glyphCount = packet.readUInt8();
        for (uint8_t gl = 0; gl < glyphCount; ++gl) {
            bytesLeft = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
            if (bytesLeft < 2) break;
            packet.readUInt16(); // glyphId
        }
    }

    // Parse enchantment slot mask + enchant IDs
    std::array<uint16_t, 19> enchantIds{};
    bytesLeft = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
    if (bytesLeft >= 4) {
        uint32_t slotMask = packet.readUInt32();
        for (int slot = 0; slot < 19; ++slot) {
            if (slotMask & (1u << slot)) {
                bytesLeft = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
                if (bytesLeft < 2) break;
                enchantIds[slot] = packet.readUInt16();
            }
        }
    }

    // Store inspect result for UI display
    inspectResult_.guid              = guid;
    inspectResult_.playerName        = playerName;
    inspectResult_.totalTalents      = totalTalents;
    inspectResult_.unspentTalents    = unspentTalents;
    inspectResult_.talentGroups      = talentGroupCount;
    inspectResult_.activeTalentGroup = activeTalentGroup;
    inspectResult_.enchantIds        = enchantIds;

    // Merge any gear we already have from a prior inspect request
    auto gearIt = inspectedPlayerItemEntries_.find(guid);
    if (gearIt != inspectedPlayerItemEntries_.end()) {
        inspectResult_.itemEntries = gearIt->second;
    } else {
        inspectResult_.itemEntries = {};
    }

    LOG_INFO("Inspect results for ", playerName, ": ", totalTalents, " talents, ",
             unspentTalents, " unspent, ", (int)talentGroupCount, " specs");
}

uint64_t GameHandler::resolveOnlineItemGuid(uint32_t itemId) const {
    if (itemId == 0) return 0;
    for (const auto& [guid, info] : onlineItems_) {
        if (info.entry == itemId) return guid;
    }
    return 0;
}

void GameHandler::detectInventorySlotBases(const std::map<uint16_t, uint32_t>& fields) {
    if (invSlotBase_ >= 0 && packSlotBase_ >= 0) return;
    if (fields.empty()) return;

    std::vector<uint16_t> matchingPairs;
    matchingPairs.reserve(32);

    for (const auto& [idx, low] : fields) {
        if ((idx % 2) != 0) continue;
        auto itHigh = fields.find(static_cast<uint16_t>(idx + 1));
        if (itHigh == fields.end()) continue;
        uint64_t guid = (uint64_t(itHigh->second) << 32) | low;
        if (guid == 0) continue;
        // Primary signal: GUID pairs that match spawned ITEM objects.
        if (!onlineItems_.empty() && onlineItems_.count(guid)) {
            matchingPairs.push_back(idx);
        }
    }

    // Fallback signal (when ITEM objects haven't been seen yet):
    // collect any plausible non-zero GUID pairs and derive a base by density.
    if (matchingPairs.empty()) {
        for (const auto& [idx, low] : fields) {
            if ((idx % 2) != 0) continue;
            auto itHigh = fields.find(static_cast<uint16_t>(idx + 1));
            if (itHigh == fields.end()) continue;
            uint64_t guid = (uint64_t(itHigh->second) << 32) | low;
            if (guid == 0) continue;
            // Heuristic: item GUIDs tend to be non-trivial and change often; ignore tiny values.
            if (guid < 0x10000ull) continue;
            matchingPairs.push_back(idx);
        }
    }

    if (matchingPairs.empty()) return;
    std::sort(matchingPairs.begin(), matchingPairs.end());

    if (invSlotBase_ < 0) {
        // The lowest matching field is the first EQUIPPED slot (not necessarily HEAD).
        // With 2+ matches we can derive the true base: all matches must be at
        // even offsets from the base, spaced 2 fields per slot.
        const int knownBase = static_cast<int>(fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_FIELD_INV_SLOT_HEAD));
        constexpr int slotStride = 2;
        bool allAlign = true;
        for (uint16_t p : matchingPairs) {
            if (p < knownBase || (p - knownBase) % slotStride != 0) {
                allAlign = false;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (allAlign) {
            invSlotBase_ = knownBase;
        } else {
            // Fallback: if we have 2+ matches, derive base from their spacing
            if (matchingPairs.size() >= 2) {
                uint16_t lo = matchingPairs[0];
                // lo must be base + 2*slotN, and slotN is 0..22
                // Try each possible slot for 'lo' and see if all others also land on valid slots
                for (int s = 0; s <= 22; s++) {
                    int candidate = lo - s * slotStride;
                    if (candidate < 0) break;
                    bool ok = true;
                    for (uint16_t p : matchingPairs) {
                        int off = p - candidate;
                        if (off < 0 || off % slotStride != 0 || off / slotStride > 22) {
                            ok = false;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    if (ok) {
                        invSlotBase_ = candidate;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (invSlotBase_ < 0) invSlotBase_ = knownBase;
            } else {
                invSlotBase_ = knownBase;
            }
        }
        packSlotBase_ = invSlotBase_ + (game::Inventory::NUM_EQUIP_SLOTS * 2);
        LOG_INFO("Detected inventory field base: equip=", invSlotBase_,
                 " pack=", packSlotBase_);
    }
}

bool GameHandler::applyInventoryFields(const std::map<uint16_t, uint32_t>& fields) {
    bool slotsChanged = false;
    int equipBase = (invSlotBase_ >= 0) ? invSlotBase_ : static_cast<int>(fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_FIELD_INV_SLOT_HEAD));
    int packBase = (packSlotBase_ >= 0) ? packSlotBase_ : static_cast<int>(fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_FIELD_PACK_SLOT_1));
    int bankBase = static_cast<int>(fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_FIELD_BANK_SLOT_1));
    int bankBagBase = static_cast<int>(fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_FIELD_BANKBAG_SLOT_1));

    // Derive slot counts from field gap (Classic=24/6, TBC/WotLK=28/7).
    if (bankBase != 0xFFFF && bankBagBase != 0xFFFF) {
        effectiveBankSlots_ = std::min((bankBagBase - bankBase) / 2, 28);
        effectiveBankBagSlots_ = (effectiveBankSlots_ <= 24) ? 6 : 7;
    }

    int keyringBase = static_cast<int>(fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_FIELD_KEYRING_SLOT_1));
    if (keyringBase == 0xFFFF && bankBagBase != 0xFFFF) {
        // Layout fallback for profiles that don't define PLAYER_FIELD_KEYRING_SLOT_1.
        // Bank bag slots are followed by 12 vendor buyback slots (24 fields), then keyring.
        keyringBase = bankBagBase + (effectiveBankBagSlots_ * 2) + 24;
    }

    for (const auto& [key, val] : fields) {
        if (key >= equipBase && key <= equipBase + (game::Inventory::NUM_EQUIP_SLOTS * 2 - 1)) {
            int slotIndex = (key - equipBase) / 2;
            bool isLow = ((key - equipBase) % 2 == 0);
            if (slotIndex < static_cast<int>(equipSlotGuids_.size())) {
                uint64_t& guid = equipSlotGuids_[slotIndex];
                if (isLow) guid = (guid & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000ULL) | val;
                else guid = (guid & 0x00000000FFFFFFFFULL) | (uint64_t(val) << 32);
                slotsChanged = true;
            }
        } else if (key >= packBase && key <= packBase + (game::Inventory::BACKPACK_SLOTS * 2 - 1)) {
            int slotIndex = (key - packBase) / 2;
            bool isLow = ((key - packBase) % 2 == 0);
            if (slotIndex < static_cast<int>(backpackSlotGuids_.size())) {
                uint64_t& guid = backpackSlotGuids_[slotIndex];
                if (isLow) guid = (guid & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000ULL) | val;
                else guid = (guid & 0x00000000FFFFFFFFULL) | (uint64_t(val) << 32);
                slotsChanged = true;
            }
        } else if (keyringBase != 0xFFFF &&
                   key >= keyringBase &&
                   key <= keyringBase + (game::Inventory::KEYRING_SLOTS * 2 - 1)) {
            int slotIndex = (key - keyringBase) / 2;
            bool isLow = ((key - keyringBase) % 2 == 0);
            if (slotIndex < static_cast<int>(keyringSlotGuids_.size())) {
                uint64_t& guid = keyringSlotGuids_[slotIndex];
                if (isLow) guid = (guid & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000ULL) | val;
                else guid = (guid & 0x00000000FFFFFFFFULL) | (uint64_t(val) << 32);
                slotsChanged = true;
            }
        }
        if (bankBase != 0xFFFF && key >= static_cast<uint16_t>(bankBase) &&
            key <= static_cast<uint16_t>(bankBase) + (effectiveBankSlots_ * 2 - 1)) {
            int slotIndex = (key - bankBase) / 2;
            bool isLow = ((key - bankBase) % 2 == 0);
            if (slotIndex < static_cast<int>(bankSlotGuids_.size())) {
                uint64_t& guid = bankSlotGuids_[slotIndex];
                if (isLow) guid = (guid & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000ULL) | val;
                else guid = (guid & 0x00000000FFFFFFFFULL) | (uint64_t(val) << 32);
                slotsChanged = true;
            }
        }

        // Bank bag slots starting at PLAYER_FIELD_BANKBAG_SLOT_1
        if (bankBagBase != 0xFFFF && key >= static_cast<uint16_t>(bankBagBase) &&
            key <= static_cast<uint16_t>(bankBagBase) + (effectiveBankBagSlots_ * 2 - 1)) {
            int slotIndex = (key - bankBagBase) / 2;
            bool isLow = ((key - bankBagBase) % 2 == 0);
            if (slotIndex < static_cast<int>(bankBagSlotGuids_.size())) {
                uint64_t& guid = bankBagSlotGuids_[slotIndex];
                if (isLow) guid = (guid & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000ULL) | val;
                else guid = (guid & 0x00000000FFFFFFFFULL) | (uint64_t(val) << 32);
                slotsChanged = true;
            }
        }
    }

    return slotsChanged;
}

void GameHandler::extractContainerFields(uint64_t containerGuid, const std::map<uint16_t, uint32_t>& fields) {
    const uint16_t numSlotsIdx = fieldIndex(UF::CONTAINER_FIELD_NUM_SLOTS);
    const uint16_t slot1Idx = fieldIndex(UF::CONTAINER_FIELD_SLOT_1);
    if (numSlotsIdx == 0xFFFF || slot1Idx == 0xFFFF) return;

    auto& info = containerContents_[containerGuid];

    // Read number of slots
    auto numIt = fields.find(numSlotsIdx);
    if (numIt != fields.end()) {
        info.numSlots = std::min(numIt->second, 36u);
    }

    // Read slot GUIDs (each is 2 uint32 fields: lo + hi)
    for (const auto& [key, val] : fields) {
        if (key < slot1Idx) continue;
        int offset = key - slot1Idx;
        int slotIndex = offset / 2;
        if (slotIndex >= 36) continue;
        bool isLow = (offset % 2 == 0);
        uint64_t& guid = info.slotGuids[slotIndex];
        if (isLow) guid = (guid & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000ULL) | val;
        else guid = (guid & 0x00000000FFFFFFFFULL) | (uint64_t(val) << 32);
    }
}

void GameHandler::rebuildOnlineInventory() {

    uint8_t savedBankBagSlots = inventory.getPurchasedBankBagSlots();
    inventory = Inventory();
    inventory.setPurchasedBankBagSlots(savedBankBagSlots);

    // Equipment slots
    for (int i = 0; i < 23; i++) {
        uint64_t guid = equipSlotGuids_[i];
        if (guid == 0) continue;

        auto itemIt = onlineItems_.find(guid);
        if (itemIt == onlineItems_.end()) continue;

        ItemDef def;
        def.itemId = itemIt->second.entry;
        def.stackCount = itemIt->second.stackCount;
        def.curDurability = itemIt->second.curDurability;
        def.maxDurability = itemIt->second.maxDurability;
        def.maxStack = 1;

        auto infoIt = itemInfoCache_.find(itemIt->second.entry);
        if (infoIt != itemInfoCache_.end()) {
            def.name = infoIt->second.name;
            def.quality = static_cast<ItemQuality>(infoIt->second.quality);
            def.inventoryType = infoIt->second.inventoryType;
            def.maxStack = std::max(1, infoIt->second.maxStack);
            def.displayInfoId = infoIt->second.displayInfoId;
            def.subclassName = infoIt->second.subclassName;
            def.damageMin = infoIt->second.damageMin;
            def.damageMax = infoIt->second.damageMax;
            def.delayMs = infoIt->second.delayMs;
            def.armor = infoIt->second.armor;
            def.stamina = infoIt->second.stamina;
            def.strength = infoIt->second.strength;
            def.agility = infoIt->second.agility;
            def.intellect = infoIt->second.intellect;
            def.spirit = infoIt->second.spirit;
            def.sellPrice = infoIt->second.sellPrice;
            def.itemLevel = infoIt->second.itemLevel;
            def.requiredLevel = infoIt->second.requiredLevel;
            def.bindType = infoIt->second.bindType;
            def.description = infoIt->second.description;
            def.startQuestId = infoIt->second.startQuestId;
            def.extraStats.clear();
            for (const auto& es : infoIt->second.extraStats)
                def.extraStats.push_back({es.statType, es.statValue});
        } else {
            def.name = "Item " + std::to_string(def.itemId);
            queryItemInfo(def.itemId, guid);
        }

        inventory.setEquipSlot(static_cast<EquipSlot>(i), def);
    }

    // Backpack slots
    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
        uint64_t guid = backpackSlotGuids_[i];
        if (guid == 0) continue;

        auto itemIt = onlineItems_.find(guid);
        if (itemIt == onlineItems_.end()) continue;

        ItemDef def;
        def.itemId = itemIt->second.entry;
        def.stackCount = itemIt->second.stackCount;
        def.curDurability = itemIt->second.curDurability;
        def.maxDurability = itemIt->second.maxDurability;
        def.maxStack = 1;

        auto infoIt = itemInfoCache_.find(itemIt->second.entry);
        if (infoIt != itemInfoCache_.end()) {
            def.name = infoIt->second.name;
            def.quality = static_cast<ItemQuality>(infoIt->second.quality);
            def.inventoryType = infoIt->second.inventoryType;
            def.maxStack = std::max(1, infoIt->second.maxStack);
            def.displayInfoId = infoIt->second.displayInfoId;
            def.subclassName = infoIt->second.subclassName;
            def.damageMin = infoIt->second.damageMin;
            def.damageMax = infoIt->second.damageMax;
            def.delayMs = infoIt->second.delayMs;
            def.armor = infoIt->second.armor;
            def.stamina = infoIt->second.stamina;
            def.strength = infoIt->second.strength;
            def.agility = infoIt->second.agility;
            def.intellect = infoIt->second.intellect;
            def.spirit = infoIt->second.spirit;
            def.sellPrice = infoIt->second.sellPrice;
            def.itemLevel = infoIt->second.itemLevel;
            def.requiredLevel = infoIt->second.requiredLevel;
            def.bindType = infoIt->second.bindType;
            def.description = infoIt->second.description;
            def.startQuestId = infoIt->second.startQuestId;
            def.extraStats.clear();
            for (const auto& es : infoIt->second.extraStats)
                def.extraStats.push_back({es.statType, es.statValue});
        } else {
            def.name = "Item " + std::to_string(def.itemId);
            queryItemInfo(def.itemId, guid);
        }

        inventory.setBackpackSlot(i, def);
    }

    // Keyring slots
    for (int i = 0; i < game::Inventory::KEYRING_SLOTS; i++) {
        uint64_t guid = keyringSlotGuids_[i];
        if (guid == 0) continue;

        auto itemIt = onlineItems_.find(guid);
        if (itemIt == onlineItems_.end()) continue;

        ItemDef def;
        def.itemId = itemIt->second.entry;
        def.stackCount = itemIt->second.stackCount;
        def.curDurability = itemIt->second.curDurability;
        def.maxDurability = itemIt->second.maxDurability;
        def.maxStack = 1;

        auto infoIt = itemInfoCache_.find(itemIt->second.entry);
        if (infoIt != itemInfoCache_.end()) {
            def.name = infoIt->second.name;
            def.quality = static_cast<ItemQuality>(infoIt->second.quality);
            def.inventoryType = infoIt->second.inventoryType;
            def.maxStack = std::max(1, infoIt->second.maxStack);
            def.displayInfoId = infoIt->second.displayInfoId;
            def.subclassName = infoIt->second.subclassName;
            def.damageMin = infoIt->second.damageMin;
            def.damageMax = infoIt->second.damageMax;
            def.delayMs = infoIt->second.delayMs;
            def.armor = infoIt->second.armor;
            def.stamina = infoIt->second.stamina;
            def.strength = infoIt->second.strength;
            def.agility = infoIt->second.agility;
            def.intellect = infoIt->second.intellect;
            def.spirit = infoIt->second.spirit;
            def.sellPrice = infoIt->second.sellPrice;
            def.itemLevel = infoIt->second.itemLevel;
            def.requiredLevel = infoIt->second.requiredLevel;
            def.bindType = infoIt->second.bindType;
            def.description = infoIt->second.description;
            def.startQuestId = infoIt->second.startQuestId;
            def.extraStats.clear();
            for (const auto& es : infoIt->second.extraStats)
                def.extraStats.push_back({es.statType, es.statValue});
        } else {
            def.name = "Item " + std::to_string(def.itemId);
            queryItemInfo(def.itemId, guid);
        }

        inventory.setKeyringSlot(i, def);
    }

    // Bag contents (BAG1-BAG4 are equip slots 19-22)
    for (int bagIdx = 0; bagIdx < 4; bagIdx++) {
        uint64_t bagGuid = equipSlotGuids_[19 + bagIdx];
        if (bagGuid == 0) continue;

        // Determine bag size from container fields or item template
        int numSlots = 0;
        auto contIt = containerContents_.find(bagGuid);
        if (contIt != containerContents_.end()) {
            numSlots = static_cast<int>(contIt->second.numSlots);
        }
        if (numSlots <= 0) {
            auto bagItemIt = onlineItems_.find(bagGuid);
            if (bagItemIt != onlineItems_.end()) {
                auto bagInfoIt = itemInfoCache_.find(bagItemIt->second.entry);
                if (bagInfoIt != itemInfoCache_.end()) {
                    numSlots = bagInfoIt->second.containerSlots;
                }
            }
        }
        if (numSlots <= 0) continue;

        // Set the bag size in the inventory bag data
        inventory.setBagSize(bagIdx, numSlots);

        // Also set bagSlots on the equipped bag item (for UI display)
        auto& bagEquipSlot = inventory.getEquipSlot(static_cast<EquipSlot>(19 + bagIdx));
        if (!bagEquipSlot.empty()) {
            ItemDef bagDef = bagEquipSlot.item;
            bagDef.bagSlots = numSlots;
            inventory.setEquipSlot(static_cast<EquipSlot>(19 + bagIdx), bagDef);
        }

        // Populate bag slot items
        if (contIt == containerContents_.end()) continue;
        const auto& container = contIt->second;
        for (int s = 0; s < numSlots && s < 36; s++) {
            uint64_t itemGuid = container.slotGuids[s];
            if (itemGuid == 0) continue;

            auto itemIt = onlineItems_.find(itemGuid);
            if (itemIt == onlineItems_.end()) continue;

            ItemDef def;
            def.itemId = itemIt->second.entry;
            def.stackCount = itemIt->second.stackCount;
        def.curDurability = itemIt->second.curDurability;
        def.maxDurability = itemIt->second.maxDurability;
            def.maxStack = 1;

            auto infoIt = itemInfoCache_.find(itemIt->second.entry);
            if (infoIt != itemInfoCache_.end()) {
                def.name = infoIt->second.name;
                def.quality = static_cast<ItemQuality>(infoIt->second.quality);
                def.inventoryType = infoIt->second.inventoryType;
                def.maxStack = std::max(1, infoIt->second.maxStack);
                def.displayInfoId = infoIt->second.displayInfoId;
                def.subclassName = infoIt->second.subclassName;
                def.damageMin = infoIt->second.damageMin;
                def.damageMax = infoIt->second.damageMax;
                def.delayMs = infoIt->second.delayMs;
                def.armor = infoIt->second.armor;
                def.stamina = infoIt->second.stamina;
                def.strength = infoIt->second.strength;
                def.agility = infoIt->second.agility;
                def.intellect = infoIt->second.intellect;
                def.spirit = infoIt->second.spirit;
                def.sellPrice = infoIt->second.sellPrice;
                def.itemLevel = infoIt->second.itemLevel;
                def.requiredLevel = infoIt->second.requiredLevel;
                def.bindType = infoIt->second.bindType;
                def.description = infoIt->second.description;
                def.startQuestId = infoIt->second.startQuestId;
                def.extraStats.clear();
                for (const auto& es : infoIt->second.extraStats)
                    def.extraStats.push_back({es.statType, es.statValue});
                def.bagSlots = infoIt->second.containerSlots;
            } else {
                def.name = "Item " + std::to_string(def.itemId);
                queryItemInfo(def.itemId, itemGuid);
            }

            inventory.setBagSlot(bagIdx, s, def);
        }
    }

    // Bank slots (24 for Classic, 28 for TBC/WotLK)
    for (int i = 0; i < effectiveBankSlots_; i++) {
        uint64_t guid = bankSlotGuids_[i];
        if (guid == 0) { inventory.clearBankSlot(i); continue; }

        auto itemIt = onlineItems_.find(guid);
        if (itemIt == onlineItems_.end()) { inventory.clearBankSlot(i); continue; }

        ItemDef def;
        def.itemId = itemIt->second.entry;
        def.stackCount = itemIt->second.stackCount;
        def.curDurability = itemIt->second.curDurability;
        def.maxDurability = itemIt->second.maxDurability;
        def.maxStack = 1;

        auto infoIt = itemInfoCache_.find(itemIt->second.entry);
        if (infoIt != itemInfoCache_.end()) {
            def.name = infoIt->second.name;
            def.quality = static_cast<ItemQuality>(infoIt->second.quality);
            def.inventoryType = infoIt->second.inventoryType;
            def.maxStack = std::max(1, infoIt->second.maxStack);
            def.displayInfoId = infoIt->second.displayInfoId;
            def.subclassName = infoIt->second.subclassName;
            def.damageMin = infoIt->second.damageMin;
            def.damageMax = infoIt->second.damageMax;
            def.delayMs = infoIt->second.delayMs;
            def.armor = infoIt->second.armor;
            def.stamina = infoIt->second.stamina;
            def.strength = infoIt->second.strength;
            def.agility = infoIt->second.agility;
            def.intellect = infoIt->second.intellect;
            def.spirit = infoIt->second.spirit;
            def.itemLevel = infoIt->second.itemLevel;
            def.requiredLevel = infoIt->second.requiredLevel;
            def.bindType = infoIt->second.bindType;
            def.description = infoIt->second.description;
            def.startQuestId = infoIt->second.startQuestId;
            def.extraStats.clear();
            for (const auto& es : infoIt->second.extraStats)
                def.extraStats.push_back({es.statType, es.statValue});
            def.sellPrice = infoIt->second.sellPrice;
            def.bagSlots = infoIt->second.containerSlots;
        } else {
            def.name = "Item " + std::to_string(def.itemId);
            queryItemInfo(def.itemId, guid);
        }

        inventory.setBankSlot(i, def);
    }

    // Bank bag contents (6 for Classic, 7 for TBC/WotLK)
    for (int bagIdx = 0; bagIdx < effectiveBankBagSlots_; bagIdx++) {
        uint64_t bagGuid = bankBagSlotGuids_[bagIdx];
        if (bagGuid == 0) { inventory.setBankBagSize(bagIdx, 0); continue; }

        int numSlots = 0;
        auto contIt = containerContents_.find(bagGuid);
        if (contIt != containerContents_.end()) {
            numSlots = static_cast<int>(contIt->second.numSlots);
        }

        // Populate the bag item itself (for icon/name in the bank bag equip slot)
        auto bagItemIt = onlineItems_.find(bagGuid);
        if (bagItemIt != onlineItems_.end()) {
            if (numSlots <= 0) {
                auto bagInfoIt = itemInfoCache_.find(bagItemIt->second.entry);
                if (bagInfoIt != itemInfoCache_.end()) {
                    numSlots = bagInfoIt->second.containerSlots;
                }
            }
            ItemDef bagDef;
            bagDef.itemId = bagItemIt->second.entry;
            bagDef.stackCount = 1;
            bagDef.inventoryType = 18; // bag
            auto bagInfoIt = itemInfoCache_.find(bagItemIt->second.entry);
            if (bagInfoIt != itemInfoCache_.end()) {
                bagDef.name = bagInfoIt->second.name;
                bagDef.quality = static_cast<ItemQuality>(bagInfoIt->second.quality);
                bagDef.displayInfoId = bagInfoIt->second.displayInfoId;
                bagDef.bagSlots = bagInfoIt->second.containerSlots;
            } else {
                bagDef.name = "Bag";
                queryItemInfo(bagDef.itemId, bagGuid);
            }
            inventory.setBankBagItem(bagIdx, bagDef);
        }
        if (numSlots <= 0) continue;

        inventory.setBankBagSize(bagIdx, numSlots);

        if (contIt == containerContents_.end()) continue;
        const auto& container = contIt->second;
        for (int s = 0; s < numSlots && s < 36; s++) {
            uint64_t itemGuid = container.slotGuids[s];
            if (itemGuid == 0) continue;

            auto itemIt = onlineItems_.find(itemGuid);
            if (itemIt == onlineItems_.end()) continue;

            ItemDef def;
            def.itemId = itemIt->second.entry;
            def.stackCount = itemIt->second.stackCount;
        def.curDurability = itemIt->second.curDurability;
        def.maxDurability = itemIt->second.maxDurability;
            def.maxStack = 1;

            auto infoIt = itemInfoCache_.find(itemIt->second.entry);
            if (infoIt != itemInfoCache_.end()) {
                def.name = infoIt->second.name;
                def.quality = static_cast<ItemQuality>(infoIt->second.quality);
                def.inventoryType = infoIt->second.inventoryType;
                def.maxStack = std::max(1, infoIt->second.maxStack);
                def.displayInfoId = infoIt->second.displayInfoId;
                def.subclassName = infoIt->second.subclassName;
                def.damageMin = infoIt->second.damageMin;
                def.damageMax = infoIt->second.damageMax;
                def.delayMs = infoIt->second.delayMs;
                def.armor = infoIt->second.armor;
                def.stamina = infoIt->second.stamina;
                def.strength = infoIt->second.strength;
                def.agility = infoIt->second.agility;
                def.intellect = infoIt->second.intellect;
                def.spirit = infoIt->second.spirit;
                def.itemLevel = infoIt->second.itemLevel;
                def.requiredLevel = infoIt->second.requiredLevel;
                def.sellPrice = infoIt->second.sellPrice;
                def.bindType = infoIt->second.bindType;
                def.description = infoIt->second.description;
                def.startQuestId = infoIt->second.startQuestId;
                def.extraStats.clear();
                for (const auto& es : infoIt->second.extraStats)
                    def.extraStats.push_back({es.statType, es.statValue});
                def.bagSlots = infoIt->second.containerSlots;
            } else {
                def.name = "Item " + std::to_string(def.itemId);
                queryItemInfo(def.itemId, itemGuid);
            }

            inventory.setBankBagSlot(bagIdx, s, def);
        }
    }

    // Only mark equipment dirty if equipped item displayInfoIds actually changed
    std::array<uint32_t, 19> currentEquipDisplayIds{};
    for (int i = 0; i < 19; i++) {
        const auto& slot = inventory.getEquipSlot(static_cast<EquipSlot>(i));
        if (!slot.empty()) currentEquipDisplayIds[i] = slot.item.displayInfoId;
    }
    if (currentEquipDisplayIds != lastEquipDisplayIds_) {
        lastEquipDisplayIds_ = currentEquipDisplayIds;
        onlineEquipDirty_ = true;
    }

    LOG_DEBUG("Rebuilt online inventory: equip=", [&](){
        int c = 0; for (auto g : equipSlotGuids_) if (g) c++; return c;
    }(), " backpack=", [&](){
        int c = 0; for (auto g : backpackSlotGuids_) if (g) c++; return c;
    }(), " keyring=", [&](){
        int c = 0; for (auto g : keyringSlotGuids_) if (g) c++; return c;
    }());
}

void GameHandler::maybeDetectVisibleItemLayout() {
    if (visibleItemLayoutVerified_) return;
    if (lastPlayerFields_.empty()) return;

    std::array<uint32_t, 19> equipEntries{};
    int nonZero = 0;
    // Prefer authoritative equipped item entry IDs derived from item objects (onlineItems_),
    // because Inventory::ItemDef may not be populated yet if templates haven't been queried.
    for (int i = 0; i < 19; i++) {
        uint64_t itemGuid = equipSlotGuids_[i];
        if (itemGuid != 0) {
            auto it = onlineItems_.find(itemGuid);
            if (it != onlineItems_.end() && it->second.entry != 0) {
                equipEntries[i] = it->second.entry;
            }
        }
        if (equipEntries[i] == 0) {
            const auto& slot = inventory.getEquipSlot(static_cast<EquipSlot>(i));
            equipEntries[i] = slot.empty() ? 0u : slot.item.itemId;
        }
        if (equipEntries[i] != 0) nonZero++;
    }
    if (nonZero < 2) return;

    const uint16_t maxKey = lastPlayerFields_.rbegin()->first;
    int bestBase = -1;
    int bestStride = 0;
    int bestMatches = 0;
    int bestMismatches = 9999;
    int bestScore = -999999;

    const int strides[] = {2, 3, 4, 1};
    for (int stride : strides) {
        for (const auto& [baseIdxU16, _v] : lastPlayerFields_) {
            const int base = static_cast<int>(baseIdxU16);
            if (base + 18 * stride > static_cast<int>(maxKey)) continue;

            int matches = 0;
            int mismatches = 0;
            for (int s = 0; s < 19; s++) {
                uint32_t want = equipEntries[s];
                if (want == 0) continue;
                const uint16_t idx = static_cast<uint16_t>(base + s * stride);
                auto it = lastPlayerFields_.find(idx);
                if (it == lastPlayerFields_.end()) continue;
                if (it->second == want) {
                    matches++;
                } else if (it->second != 0) {
                    mismatches++;
                }
            }

            int score = matches * 2 - mismatches * 3;
            if (score > bestScore ||
                (score == bestScore && matches > bestMatches) ||
                (score == bestScore && matches == bestMatches && mismatches < bestMismatches) ||
                (score == bestScore && matches == bestMatches && mismatches == bestMismatches && base < bestBase)) {
                bestScore = score;
                bestMatches = matches;
                bestMismatches = mismatches;
                bestBase = base;
                bestStride = stride;
            }
        }
    }

    if (bestMatches >= 2 && bestBase >= 0 && bestStride > 0 && bestMismatches <= 1) {
        visibleItemEntryBase_ = bestBase;
        visibleItemStride_ = bestStride;
        visibleItemLayoutVerified_ = true;
        LOG_INFO("Detected PLAYER_VISIBLE_ITEM entry layout: base=", visibleItemEntryBase_,
                 " stride=", visibleItemStride_, " (matches=", bestMatches,
                 " mismatches=", bestMismatches, " score=", bestScore, ")");

        // Backfill existing player entities already in view.
        for (const auto& [guid, ent] : entityManager.getEntities()) {
            if (!ent || ent->getType() != ObjectType::PLAYER) continue;
            if (guid == playerGuid) continue;
            updateOtherPlayerVisibleItems(guid, ent->getFields());
        }
    }
    // If heuristic didn't find a match, keep using the default WotLK layout (base=284, stride=2).
}

void GameHandler::updateOtherPlayerVisibleItems(uint64_t guid, const std::map<uint16_t, uint32_t>& fields) {
    if (guid == 0 || guid == playerGuid) return;
    if (visibleItemEntryBase_ < 0 || visibleItemStride_ <= 0) {
        // Layout not detected yet — queue this player for inspect as fallback.
        if (socket && state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
            pendingAutoInspect_.insert(guid);
            LOG_DEBUG("Queued player 0x", std::hex, guid, std::dec, " for auto-inspect (layout not detected)");
        }
        return;
    }

    std::array<uint32_t, 19> newEntries{};
    for (int s = 0; s < 19; s++) {
        uint16_t idx = static_cast<uint16_t>(visibleItemEntryBase_ + s * visibleItemStride_);
        auto it = fields.find(idx);
        if (it != fields.end()) newEntries[s] = it->second;
    }

    bool changed = false;
    auto& old = otherPlayerVisibleItemEntries_[guid];
    if (old != newEntries) {
        old = newEntries;
        changed = true;
    }

    // Request item templates for any new visible entries.
    for (uint32_t entry : newEntries) {
        if (entry == 0) continue;
        if (!itemInfoCache_.count(entry) && !pendingItemQueries_.count(entry)) {
            queryItemInfo(entry, 0);
        }
    }

    // If the server isn't sending visible item fields (all zeros), fall back to inspect.
    bool any = false;
    for (uint32_t e : newEntries) { if (e != 0) { any = true; break; } }
    if (!any && socket && state == WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
        pendingAutoInspect_.insert(guid);
    }

    if (changed) {
        otherPlayerVisibleDirty_.insert(guid);
        emitOtherPlayerEquipment(guid);
    }
}

void GameHandler::emitOtherPlayerEquipment(uint64_t guid) {
    if (!playerEquipmentCallback_) return;
    auto it = otherPlayerVisibleItemEntries_.find(guid);
    if (it == otherPlayerVisibleItemEntries_.end()) return;

    std::array<uint32_t, 19> displayIds{};
    std::array<uint8_t, 19> invTypes{};
    bool anyEntry = false;

    for (int s = 0; s < 19; s++) {
        uint32_t entry = it->second[s];
        if (entry == 0) continue;
        anyEntry = true;
        auto infoIt = itemInfoCache_.find(entry);
        if (infoIt == itemInfoCache_.end()) continue;
        displayIds[s] = infoIt->second.displayInfoId;
        invTypes[s] = static_cast<uint8_t>(infoIt->second.inventoryType);
    }

    playerEquipmentCallback_(guid, displayIds, invTypes);
    otherPlayerVisibleDirty_.erase(guid);

    // If we had entries but couldn't resolve any templates, also try inspect as a fallback.
    bool anyResolved = false;
    for (uint32_t did : displayIds) { if (did != 0) { anyResolved = true; break; } }
    if (anyEntry && !anyResolved) {
        pendingAutoInspect_.insert(guid);
    }
}

void GameHandler::emitAllOtherPlayerEquipment() {
    if (!playerEquipmentCallback_) return;
    for (const auto& [guid, _] : otherPlayerVisibleItemEntries_) {
        emitOtherPlayerEquipment(guid);
    }
}

// ============================================================
// Phase 2: Combat
// ============================================================

void GameHandler::startAutoAttack(uint64_t targetGuid) {
    // Can't attack yourself
    if (targetGuid == playerGuid) return;
    if (targetGuid == 0) return;

    // Dismount when entering combat
    if (isMounted()) {
        dismount();
    }

    // Client-side melee range gate to avoid starting "swing forever" loops when
    // target is already clearly out of range.
    if (auto target = entityManager.getEntity(targetGuid)) {
        float dx = movementInfo.x - target->getLatestX();
        float dy = movementInfo.y - target->getLatestY();
        float dz = movementInfo.z - target->getLatestZ();
        float dist3d = std::sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz);
        if (dist3d > 8.0f) {
            if (autoAttackRangeWarnCooldown_ <= 0.0f) {
                addSystemChatMessage("Target is too far away.");
                autoAttackRangeWarnCooldown_ = 1.25f;
            }
            return;
        }
    }

    autoAttackRequested_ = true;
    autoAttackRetryPending_ = true;
    // Keep combat animation/state server-authoritative. We only flip autoAttacking
    // on SMSG_ATTACKSTART where attackerGuid == playerGuid.
    autoAttacking = false;
    autoAttackTarget = targetGuid;
    autoAttackOutOfRange_ = false;
    autoAttackOutOfRangeTime_ = 0.0f;
    autoAttackResendTimer_ = 0.0f;
    autoAttackFacingSyncTimer_ = 0.0f;
    if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD && socket) {
        auto packet = AttackSwingPacket::build(targetGuid);
        socket->send(packet);
    }
    LOG_INFO("Starting auto-attack on 0x", std::hex, targetGuid, std::dec);
}

void GameHandler::stopAutoAttack() {
    if (!autoAttacking && !autoAttackRequested_) return;
    autoAttackRequested_ = false;
    autoAttacking = false;
    autoAttackRetryPending_ = false;
    autoAttackTarget = 0;
    autoAttackOutOfRange_ = false;
    autoAttackOutOfRangeTime_ = 0.0f;
    autoAttackResendTimer_ = 0.0f;
    autoAttackFacingSyncTimer_ = 0.0f;
    if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD && socket) {
        auto packet = AttackStopPacket::build();
        socket->send(packet);
    }
    LOG_INFO("Stopping auto-attack");
}

void GameHandler::addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::Type type, int32_t amount, uint32_t spellId, bool isPlayerSource, uint8_t powerType,
                                uint64_t srcGuid, uint64_t dstGuid) {
    CombatTextEntry entry;
    entry.type = type;
    entry.amount = amount;
    entry.spellId = spellId;
    entry.age = 0.0f;
    entry.isPlayerSource = isPlayerSource;
    entry.powerType = powerType;
    combatText.push_back(entry);

    // Persistent combat log — use explicit GUIDs if provided, else fall back to
    // player/current-target (the old behaviour for events without specific participants).
    CombatLogEntry log;
    log.type     = type;
    log.amount   = amount;
    log.spellId  = spellId;
    log.isPlayerSource = isPlayerSource;
    log.powerType = powerType;
    log.timestamp = std::time(nullptr);
    // If the caller provided an explicit destination GUID but left source GUID as 0,
    // preserve "unknown/no source" (e.g. environmental damage) instead of
    // backfilling from current target.
    uint64_t effectiveSrc = (srcGuid != 0) ? srcGuid
                          : ((dstGuid != 0) ? 0 : (isPlayerSource ? playerGuid : targetGuid));
    uint64_t effectiveDst = (dstGuid != 0) ? dstGuid
                          : (isPlayerSource ? targetGuid : playerGuid);
    log.sourceName = lookupName(effectiveSrc);
    log.targetName = (effectiveDst != 0) ? lookupName(effectiveDst) : std::string{};
    if (combatLog_.size() >= MAX_COMBAT_LOG)
        combatLog_.pop_front();
    combatLog_.push_back(std::move(log));
}

bool GameHandler::shouldLogSpellstealAura(uint64_t casterGuid, uint64_t victimGuid, uint32_t spellId) {
    if (spellId == 0) return false;

    const auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    constexpr auto kRecentWindow = std::chrono::seconds(1);
    while (!recentSpellstealLogs_.empty() &&
           now - recentSpellstealLogs_.front().timestamp > kRecentWindow) {
        recentSpellstealLogs_.pop_front();
    }

    for (auto it = recentSpellstealLogs_.begin(); it != recentSpellstealLogs_.end(); ++it) {
        if (it->casterGuid == casterGuid &&
            it->victimGuid == victimGuid &&
            it->spellId == spellId) {
            recentSpellstealLogs_.erase(it);
            return false;
        }
    }

    if (recentSpellstealLogs_.size() >= MAX_RECENT_SPELLSTEAL_LOGS)
        recentSpellstealLogs_.pop_front();
    recentSpellstealLogs_.push_back({casterGuid, victimGuid, spellId, now});
    return true;
}

void GameHandler::updateCombatText(float deltaTime) {
    for (auto& entry : combatText) {
        entry.age += deltaTime;
    }
    combatText.erase(
        std::remove_if(combatText.begin(), combatText.end(),
                       [](const CombatTextEntry& e) { return e.isExpired(); }),
        combatText.end());
}

void GameHandler::autoTargetAttacker(uint64_t attackerGuid) {
    if (attackerGuid == 0 || attackerGuid == playerGuid) return;
    if (targetGuid != 0) return;
    if (!entityManager.hasEntity(attackerGuid)) return;
    setTarget(attackerGuid);
}

void GameHandler::handleAttackStart(network::Packet& packet) {
    AttackStartData data;
    if (!AttackStartParser::parse(packet, data)) return;

    if (data.attackerGuid == playerGuid) {
        autoAttackRequested_ = true;
        autoAttacking = true;
        autoAttackRetryPending_ = false;
        autoAttackTarget = data.victimGuid;
    } else if (data.victimGuid == playerGuid && data.attackerGuid != 0) {
        hostileAttackers_.insert(data.attackerGuid);
        autoTargetAttacker(data.attackerGuid);

        // Play aggro sound when NPC attacks player
        if (npcAggroCallback_) {
            auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(data.attackerGuid);
            if (entity && entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT) {
                glm::vec3 pos(entity->getX(), entity->getY(), entity->getZ());
                npcAggroCallback_(data.attackerGuid, pos);
            }
        }
    }

    // Force both participants to face each other at combat start.
    // Uses atan2(-dy, dx): canonical orientation convention where the West/Y
    // component is negated (renderYaw = orientation + 90°, model-forward = render+X).
    auto attackerEnt = entityManager.getEntity(data.attackerGuid);
    auto victimEnt   = entityManager.getEntity(data.victimGuid);
    if (attackerEnt && victimEnt) {
        float dx = victimEnt->getX() - attackerEnt->getX();
        float dy = victimEnt->getY() - attackerEnt->getY();
        if (std::abs(dx) > 0.01f || std::abs(dy) > 0.01f) {
            attackerEnt->setOrientation(std::atan2(-dy,  dx));   // attacker → victim
            victimEnt->setOrientation  (std::atan2( dy, -dx));   // victim   → attacker
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleAttackStop(network::Packet& packet) {
    AttackStopData data;
    if (!AttackStopParser::parse(packet, data)) return;

    // Keep intent, but clear server-confirmed active state until ATTACKSTART resumes.
    if (data.attackerGuid == playerGuid) {
        autoAttacking = false;
        autoAttackRetryPending_ = autoAttackRequested_;
        autoAttackResendTimer_ = 0.0f;
        LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_ATTACKSTOP received (keeping auto-attack intent)");
    } else if (data.victimGuid == playerGuid) {
        hostileAttackers_.erase(data.attackerGuid);
    }
}

void GameHandler::dismount() {
    if (!socket) return;
    // Clear local mount state immediately (optimistic dismount).
    // Server will confirm via SMSG_UPDATE_OBJECT with mountDisplayId=0.
    uint32_t savedMountAura = mountAuraSpellId_;
    if (currentMountDisplayId_ != 0 || taxiMountActive_) {
        if (mountCallback_) {
            mountCallback_(0);
        }
        currentMountDisplayId_ = 0;
        taxiMountActive_ = false;
        taxiMountDisplayId_ = 0;
        mountAuraSpellId_ = 0;
        LOG_INFO("Dismount: cleared local mount state");
    }
    // CMSG_CANCEL_MOUNT_AURA exists in TBC+ (0x0375). Classic/Vanilla doesn't have it.
    uint16_t cancelMountWire = wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_CANCEL_MOUNT_AURA);
    if (cancelMountWire != 0xFFFF) {
        network::Packet pkt(cancelMountWire);
        socket->send(pkt);
        LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_CANCEL_MOUNT_AURA");
    } else if (savedMountAura != 0) {
        // Fallback for Classic/Vanilla: cancel the mount aura by spell ID
        auto pkt = CancelAuraPacket::build(savedMountAura);
        socket->send(pkt);
        LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_CANCEL_AURA (mount spell ", savedMountAura, ") — Classic fallback");
    } else {
        // No tracked mount aura — try cancelling all indefinite self-cast auras
        // (mount aura detection may have missed if aura arrived after mount field)
        for (const auto& a : playerAuras) {
            if (!a.isEmpty() && a.maxDurationMs < 0 && a.casterGuid == playerGuid) {
                auto pkt = CancelAuraPacket::build(a.spellId);
                socket->send(pkt);
                LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_CANCEL_AURA (spell ", a.spellId, ") — brute force dismount");
            }
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleForceSpeedChange(network::Packet& packet, const char* name,
                                          Opcode ackOpcode, float* speedStorage) {
    // WotLK: packed GUID; TBC/Classic: full uint64
    const bool fscTbcLike = isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc");
    uint64_t guid = fscTbcLike
        ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
    // uint32 counter
    uint32_t counter = packet.readUInt32();

    // Determine format from remaining bytes:
    //   5 bytes remaining = uint8(1) + float(4)  — standard 3.3.5a
    //   8 bytes remaining = uint32(4) + float(4) — some forks
    //   4 bytes remaining = float(4)             — no unknown field
    size_t remaining = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
    if (remaining >= 8) {
        packet.readUInt32();  // unknown (extended format)
    } else if (remaining >= 5) {
        packet.readUInt8();   // unknown (standard 3.3.5a)
    }
    // float newSpeed
    float newSpeed = packet.readFloat();

    LOG_INFO("SMSG_FORCE_", name, "_CHANGE: guid=0x", std::hex, guid, std::dec,
             " counter=", counter, " speed=", newSpeed);

    if (guid != playerGuid) return;

    // Always ACK the speed change to prevent server stall.
    // Classic/TBC use full uint64 GUID; WotLK uses packed GUID.
    if (socket) {
        network::Packet ack(wireOpcode(ackOpcode));
        const bool legacyGuidAck =
            isActiveExpansion("classic") || isActiveExpansion("tbc") || isActiveExpansion("turtle");
        if (legacyGuidAck) {
            ack.writeUInt64(playerGuid);
        } else {
            MovementPacket::writePackedGuid(ack, playerGuid);
        }
        ack.writeUInt32(counter);

        MovementInfo wire = movementInfo;
        wire.time = nextMovementTimestampMs();
        if (wire.hasFlag(MovementFlags::ONTRANSPORT)) {
            wire.transportTime = wire.time;
            wire.transportTime2 = wire.time;
        }
        glm::vec3 serverPos = core::coords::canonicalToServer(glm::vec3(wire.x, wire.y, wire.z));
        wire.x = serverPos.x;
        wire.y = serverPos.y;
        wire.z = serverPos.z;
        if (wire.hasFlag(MovementFlags::ONTRANSPORT)) {
            glm::vec3 serverTransport =
                core::coords::canonicalToServer(glm::vec3(wire.transportX, wire.transportY, wire.transportZ));
            wire.transportX = serverTransport.x;
            wire.transportY = serverTransport.y;
            wire.transportZ = serverTransport.z;
        }
        if (packetParsers_) {
            packetParsers_->writeMovementPayload(ack, wire);
        } else {
            MovementPacket::writeMovementPayload(ack, wire);
        }

        ack.writeFloat(newSpeed);
        socket->send(ack);
    }

    // Validate speed - reject garbage/NaN values but still ACK
    if (std::isnan(newSpeed) || newSpeed < 0.1f || newSpeed > 100.0f) {
        LOG_WARNING("Ignoring invalid ", name, " speed: ", newSpeed);
        return;
    }

    if (speedStorage) *speedStorage = newSpeed;
}

void GameHandler::handleForceRunSpeedChange(network::Packet& packet) {
    handleForceSpeedChange(packet, "RUN_SPEED", Opcode::CMSG_FORCE_RUN_SPEED_CHANGE_ACK, &serverRunSpeed_);

    // Server can auto-dismount (e.g. entering no-mount areas) and only send a speed change.
    // Keep client mount visuals in sync with server-authoritative movement speed.
    if (!onTaxiFlight_ && !taxiMountActive_ && currentMountDisplayId_ != 0 && serverRunSpeed_ <= 8.5f) {
        LOG_INFO("Auto-clearing mount from speed change: speed=", serverRunSpeed_,
                 " displayId=", currentMountDisplayId_);
        currentMountDisplayId_ = 0;
        if (mountCallback_) {
            mountCallback_(0);
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleForceMoveRootState(network::Packet& packet, bool rooted) {
    // Packet is server movement control update:
    // WotLK: packed GUID + uint32 counter + [optional unknown field(s)]
    // TBC/Classic: full uint64 + uint32 counter
    // We always ACK with current movement state, same pattern as speed-change ACKs.
    const bool rootTbc = isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc");
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (rootTbc ? 8u : 2u)) return;
    uint64_t guid = rootTbc
        ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) return;
    uint32_t counter = packet.readUInt32();

    LOG_INFO(rooted ? "SMSG_FORCE_MOVE_ROOT" : "SMSG_FORCE_MOVE_UNROOT",
             ": guid=0x", std::hex, guid, std::dec, " counter=", counter);

    if (guid != playerGuid) return;

    // Keep local movement flags aligned with server authoritative root state.
    if (rooted) {
        movementInfo.flags |= static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::ROOT);
    } else {
        movementInfo.flags &= ~static_cast<uint32_t>(MovementFlags::ROOT);
    }

    if (!socket) return;
    uint16_t ackWire = wireOpcode(rooted ? Opcode::CMSG_FORCE_MOVE_ROOT_ACK
                                         : Opcode::CMSG_FORCE_MOVE_UNROOT_ACK);
    if (ackWire == 0xFFFF) return;

    network::Packet ack(ackWire);
    const bool legacyGuidAck =
        isActiveExpansion("classic") || isActiveExpansion("tbc") || isActiveExpansion("turtle");
    if (legacyGuidAck) {
        ack.writeUInt64(playerGuid);  // CMaNGOS expects full GUID for root/unroot ACKs
    } else {
        MovementPacket::writePackedGuid(ack, playerGuid);
    }
    ack.writeUInt32(counter);

    MovementInfo wire = movementInfo;
    wire.time = nextMovementTimestampMs();
    if (wire.hasFlag(MovementFlags::ONTRANSPORT)) {
        wire.transportTime = wire.time;
        wire.transportTime2 = wire.time;
    }
    glm::vec3 serverPos = core::coords::canonicalToServer(glm::vec3(wire.x, wire.y, wire.z));
    wire.x = serverPos.x;
    wire.y = serverPos.y;
    wire.z = serverPos.z;
    if (wire.hasFlag(MovementFlags::ONTRANSPORT)) {
        glm::vec3 serverTransport =
            core::coords::canonicalToServer(glm::vec3(wire.transportX, wire.transportY, wire.transportZ));
        wire.transportX = serverTransport.x;
        wire.transportY = serverTransport.y;
        wire.transportZ = serverTransport.z;
    }
    if (packetParsers_) packetParsers_->writeMovementPayload(ack, wire);
    else MovementPacket::writeMovementPayload(ack, wire);

    socket->send(ack);
}

void GameHandler::handleForceMoveFlagChange(network::Packet& packet, const char* name,
                                             Opcode ackOpcode, uint32_t flag, bool set) {
    // WotLK: packed GUID; TBC/Classic: full uint64
    const bool fmfTbcLike = isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc");
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (fmfTbcLike ? 8u : 2u)) return;
    uint64_t guid = fmfTbcLike
        ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) return;
    uint32_t counter = packet.readUInt32();

    LOG_INFO("SMSG_FORCE_", name, ": guid=0x", std::hex, guid, std::dec, " counter=", counter);

    if (guid != playerGuid) return;

    // Update local movement flags if a flag was specified
    if (flag != 0) {
        if (set) {
            movementInfo.flags |= flag;
        } else {
            movementInfo.flags &= ~flag;
        }
    }

    if (!socket) return;
    uint16_t ackWire = wireOpcode(ackOpcode);
    if (ackWire == 0xFFFF) return;

    network::Packet ack(ackWire);
    const bool legacyGuidAck =
        isActiveExpansion("classic") || isActiveExpansion("tbc") || isActiveExpansion("turtle");
    if (legacyGuidAck) {
        ack.writeUInt64(playerGuid);
    } else {
        MovementPacket::writePackedGuid(ack, playerGuid);
    }
    ack.writeUInt32(counter);

    MovementInfo wire = movementInfo;
    wire.time = nextMovementTimestampMs();
    if (wire.hasFlag(MovementFlags::ONTRANSPORT)) {
        wire.transportTime = wire.time;
        wire.transportTime2 = wire.time;
    }
    glm::vec3 serverPos = core::coords::canonicalToServer(glm::vec3(wire.x, wire.y, wire.z));
    wire.x = serverPos.x;
    wire.y = serverPos.y;
    wire.z = serverPos.z;
    if (wire.hasFlag(MovementFlags::ONTRANSPORT)) {
        glm::vec3 serverTransport =
            core::coords::canonicalToServer(glm::vec3(wire.transportX, wire.transportY, wire.transportZ));
        wire.transportX = serverTransport.x;
        wire.transportY = serverTransport.y;
        wire.transportZ = serverTransport.z;
    }
    if (packetParsers_) packetParsers_->writeMovementPayload(ack, wire);
    else MovementPacket::writeMovementPayload(ack, wire);

    socket->send(ack);
}

void GameHandler::handleMoveSetCollisionHeight(network::Packet& packet) {
    // SMSG_MOVE_SET_COLLISION_HGT: packed guid + counter + float (height)
    // ACK: CMSG_MOVE_SET_COLLISION_HGT_ACK = packed guid + counter + movement block + float (height)
    const bool legacyGuid = isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc");
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (legacyGuid ? 8u : 2u)) return;
    uint64_t guid = legacyGuid ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) return;  // counter(4) + height(4)
    uint32_t counter = packet.readUInt32();
    float height = packet.readFloat();

    LOG_INFO("SMSG_MOVE_SET_COLLISION_HGT: guid=0x", std::hex, guid, std::dec,
             " counter=", counter, " height=", height);

    if (guid != playerGuid) return;
    if (!socket) return;

    uint16_t ackWire = wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_MOVE_SET_COLLISION_HGT_ACK);
    if (ackWire == 0xFFFF) return;

    network::Packet ack(ackWire);
    const bool legacyGuidAck = isActiveExpansion("classic") || isActiveExpansion("tbc") || isActiveExpansion("turtle");
    if (legacyGuidAck) {
        ack.writeUInt64(playerGuid);
    } else {
        MovementPacket::writePackedGuid(ack, playerGuid);
    }
    ack.writeUInt32(counter);

    MovementInfo wire = movementInfo;
    wire.time = nextMovementTimestampMs();
    glm::vec3 serverPos = core::coords::canonicalToServer(glm::vec3(wire.x, wire.y, wire.z));
    wire.x = serverPos.x;
    wire.y = serverPos.y;
    wire.z = serverPos.z;
    if (packetParsers_) packetParsers_->writeMovementPayload(ack, wire);
    else MovementPacket::writeMovementPayload(ack, wire);
    ack.writeFloat(height);

    socket->send(ack);
}

void GameHandler::handleMoveKnockBack(network::Packet& packet) {
    // WotLK: packed GUID; TBC/Classic: full uint64
    const bool mkbTbc = isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc");
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (mkbTbc ? 8u : 2u)) return;
    uint64_t guid = mkbTbc
        ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 20) return;  // counter(4) + vcos(4) + vsin(4) + hspeed(4) + vspeed(4)
    uint32_t counter = packet.readUInt32();
    float vcos    = packet.readFloat();
    float vsin    = packet.readFloat();
    float hspeed  = packet.readFloat();
    float vspeed  = packet.readFloat();

    LOG_INFO("SMSG_MOVE_KNOCK_BACK: guid=0x", std::hex, guid, std::dec,
             " counter=", counter, " vcos=", vcos, " vsin=", vsin,
             " hspeed=", hspeed, " vspeed=", vspeed);

    if (guid != playerGuid) return;

    // Apply knockback physics locally so the player visually flies through the air.
    // The callback forwards to CameraController::applyKnockBack().
    if (knockBackCallback_) {
        knockBackCallback_(vcos, vsin, hspeed, vspeed);
    }

    if (!socket) return;
    uint16_t ackWire = wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_MOVE_KNOCK_BACK_ACK);
    if (ackWire == 0xFFFF) return;

    network::Packet ack(ackWire);
    const bool legacyGuidAck =
        isActiveExpansion("classic") || isActiveExpansion("tbc") || isActiveExpansion("turtle");
    if (legacyGuidAck) {
        ack.writeUInt64(playerGuid);
    } else {
        MovementPacket::writePackedGuid(ack, playerGuid);
    }
    ack.writeUInt32(counter);

    MovementInfo wire = movementInfo;
    wire.time = nextMovementTimestampMs();
    if (wire.hasFlag(MovementFlags::ONTRANSPORT)) {
        wire.transportTime = wire.time;
        wire.transportTime2 = wire.time;
    }
    glm::vec3 serverPos = core::coords::canonicalToServer(glm::vec3(wire.x, wire.y, wire.z));
    wire.x = serverPos.x;
    wire.y = serverPos.y;
    wire.z = serverPos.z;
    if (wire.hasFlag(MovementFlags::ONTRANSPORT)) {
        glm::vec3 serverTransport =
            core::coords::canonicalToServer(glm::vec3(wire.transportX, wire.transportY, wire.transportZ));
        wire.transportX = serverTransport.x;
        wire.transportY = serverTransport.y;
        wire.transportZ = serverTransport.z;
    }
    if (packetParsers_) packetParsers_->writeMovementPayload(ack, wire);
    else MovementPacket::writeMovementPayload(ack, wire);

    socket->send(ack);
}

// ============================================================
// Arena / Battleground Handlers
// ============================================================

void GameHandler::handleBattlefieldStatus(network::Packet& packet) {
    // SMSG_BATTLEFIELD_STATUS wire format differs by expansion:
    //
    // Classic 1.12 (vmangos/cmangos):
    //   queueSlot(4) bgTypeId(4) unk(2) instanceId(4) isRegistered(1) statusId(4) [status fields...]
    //   STATUS_NONE sends only: queueSlot(4) bgTypeId(4)
    //
    // TBC 2.4.3 / WotLK 3.3.5a:
    //   queueSlot(4) arenaType(1) unk(1) bgTypeId(4) unk2(2) instanceId(4) isRated(1) statusId(4) [status fields...]
    //   STATUS_NONE sends only: queueSlot(4) arenaType(1)

    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) return;
    uint32_t queueSlot = packet.readUInt32();

    const bool classicFormat = isClassicLikeExpansion();

    uint8_t arenaType = 0;
    if (!classicFormat) {
        // TBC/WotLK: arenaType(1) + unk(1) before bgTypeId
        // STATUS_NONE sends only queueSlot + arenaType
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) {
            LOG_INFO("Battlefield status: queue slot ", queueSlot, " cleared");
            return;
        }
        arenaType = packet.readUInt8();
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) return;
        packet.readUInt8();  // unk
    } else {
        // Classic STATUS_NONE sends only queueSlot + bgTypeId (4 bytes)
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) {
            LOG_INFO("Battlefield status: queue slot ", queueSlot, " cleared");
            return;
        }
    }

    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) return;
    uint32_t bgTypeId = packet.readUInt32();

    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 2) return;
    uint16_t unk2 = packet.readUInt16();
    (void)unk2;

    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) return;
    uint32_t clientInstanceId = packet.readUInt32();
    (void)clientInstanceId;

    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) return;
    uint8_t isRatedArena = packet.readUInt8();
    (void)isRatedArena;

    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) return;
    uint32_t statusId = packet.readUInt32();

    // Map BG type IDs to their names (stable across all three expansions)
    static const std::pair<uint32_t, const char*> kBgNames[] = {
        {1,  "Alterac Valley"},
        {2,  "Warsong Gulch"},
        {3,  "Arathi Basin"},
        {6,  "Eye of the Storm"},
        {9,  "Strand of the Ancients"},
        {11, "Isle of Conquest"},
        {30, "Nagrand Arena"},
        {31, "Blade's Edge Arena"},
        {32, "Dalaran Sewers"},
        {33, "Ring of Valor"},
        {34, "Ruins of Lordaeron"},
    };
    std::string bgName = "Battleground";
    for (const auto& kv : kBgNames) {
        if (kv.first == bgTypeId) { bgName = kv.second; break; }
    }
    if (bgName == "Battleground")
        bgName = "Battleground #" + std::to_string(bgTypeId);
    if (arenaType > 0) {
        bgName = std::to_string(arenaType) + "v" + std::to_string(arenaType) + " Arena";
        // If bgTypeId matches a named arena, prefer that name
        for (const auto& kv : kBgNames) {
            if (kv.first == bgTypeId) {
                bgName += " (" + std::string(kv.second) + ")";
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    // Parse status-specific fields
    uint32_t inviteTimeout = 80;  // default WoW BG invite window (seconds)
    uint32_t avgWaitSec = 0, timeInQueueSec = 0;
    if (statusId == 1) {
        // STATUS_WAIT_QUEUE: avgWaitTime(4) + timeInQueue(4)
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
            avgWaitSec    = packet.readUInt32() / 1000;  // ms → seconds
            timeInQueueSec = packet.readUInt32() / 1000;
        }
    } else if (statusId == 2) {
        // STATUS_WAIT_JOIN: timeout(4) + mapId(4)
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
            inviteTimeout = packet.readUInt32();
        }
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
            /*uint32_t mapId =*/ packet.readUInt32();
        }
    } else if (statusId == 3) {
        // STATUS_IN_PROGRESS: mapId(4) + timeSinceStart(4)
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
            /*uint32_t mapId =*/ packet.readUInt32();
            /*uint32_t elapsed =*/ packet.readUInt32();
        }
    }

    // Store queue state
    if (queueSlot < bgQueues_.size()) {
        bool wasInvite = (bgQueues_[queueSlot].statusId == 2);
        bgQueues_[queueSlot].queueSlot = queueSlot;
        bgQueues_[queueSlot].bgTypeId = bgTypeId;
        bgQueues_[queueSlot].arenaType = arenaType;
        bgQueues_[queueSlot].statusId = statusId;
        if (statusId == 1) {
            bgQueues_[queueSlot].avgWaitTimeSec = avgWaitSec;
            bgQueues_[queueSlot].timeInQueueSec = timeInQueueSec;
        }
        if (statusId == 2 && !wasInvite) {
            bgQueues_[queueSlot].inviteTimeout = inviteTimeout;
            bgQueues_[queueSlot].inviteReceivedTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
        }
    }

    switch (statusId) {
        case 0: // STATUS_NONE
            LOG_INFO("Battlefield status: NONE for ", bgName);
            break;
        case 1: // STATUS_WAIT_QUEUE
            addSystemChatMessage("Queued for " + bgName + ".");
            LOG_INFO("Battlefield status: WAIT_QUEUE for ", bgName);
            break;
        case 2: // STATUS_WAIT_JOIN
            // Popup shown by the UI; add chat notification too.
            addSystemChatMessage(bgName + " is ready!");
            LOG_INFO("Battlefield status: WAIT_JOIN for ", bgName,
                     " timeout=", inviteTimeout, "s");
            break;
        case 3: // STATUS_IN_PROGRESS
            addSystemChatMessage("Entered " + bgName + ".");
            LOG_INFO("Battlefield status: IN_PROGRESS for ", bgName);
            break;
        case 4: // STATUS_WAIT_LEAVE
            LOG_INFO("Battlefield status: WAIT_LEAVE for ", bgName);
            break;
        default:
            LOG_INFO("Battlefield status: unknown (", statusId, ") for ", bgName);
            break;
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleBattlefieldList(network::Packet& packet) {
    // SMSG_BATTLEFIELD_LIST wire format by expansion:
    //
    // Classic 1.12 (vmangos/cmangos):
    //   bgTypeId(4) isRegistered(1) count(4) [instanceId(4)...]
    //
    // TBC 2.4.3:
    //   bgTypeId(4) isRegistered(1) isHoliday(1) count(4) [instanceId(4)...]
    //
    // WotLK 3.3.5a:
    //   bgTypeId(4) isRegistered(1) isHoliday(1) minLevel(4) maxLevel(4) count(4) [instanceId(4)...]

    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 5) return;

    AvailableBgInfo info;
    info.bgTypeId     = packet.readUInt32();
    info.isRegistered = packet.readUInt8() != 0;

    const bool isWotlk = isActiveExpansion("wotlk");
    const bool isTbc   = isActiveExpansion("tbc");

    if (isTbc || isWotlk) {
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) return;
        info.isHoliday = packet.readUInt8() != 0;
    }

    if (isWotlk) {
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) return;
        info.minLevel = packet.readUInt32();
        info.maxLevel = packet.readUInt32();
    }

    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) return;
    uint32_t count = packet.readUInt32();

    // Sanity cap to avoid OOM from malformed packets
    constexpr uint32_t kMaxInstances = 256;
    count = std::min(count, kMaxInstances);
    info.instanceIds.reserve(count);

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
        info.instanceIds.push_back(packet.readUInt32());
    }

    // Update or append the entry for this BG type
    bool updated = false;
    for (auto& existing : availableBgs_) {
        if (existing.bgTypeId == info.bgTypeId) {
            existing = std::move(info);
            updated = true;
            break;
        }
    }
    if (!updated) {
        availableBgs_.push_back(std::move(info));
    }

    const auto& stored = availableBgs_.back();
    static const std::unordered_map<uint32_t, const char*> kBgNames = {
        {1, "Alterac Valley"}, {2, "Warsong Gulch"}, {3, "Arathi Basin"},
        {4, "Nagrand Arena"}, {5, "Blade's Edge Arena"}, {6, "All Arenas"},
        {7, "Eye of the Storm"}, {8, "Ruins of Lordaeron"},
        {9, "Strand of the Ancients"}, {10, "Dalaran Sewers"},
        {11, "The Ring of Valor"}, {30, "Isle of Conquest"},
    };
    auto nameIt = kBgNames.find(stored.bgTypeId);
    const char* bgName = (nameIt != kBgNames.end()) ? nameIt->second : "Unknown Battleground";

    LOG_INFO("SMSG_BATTLEFIELD_LIST: ", bgName, " bgType=", stored.bgTypeId,
             " registered=", stored.isRegistered ? "yes" : "no",
             " instances=", stored.instanceIds.size());
}

void GameHandler::declineBattlefield(uint32_t queueSlot) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD) return;
    if (!socket) return;

    const BgQueueSlot* slot = nullptr;
    if (queueSlot == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
        for (const auto& s : bgQueues_) {
            if (s.statusId == 2) { slot = &s; break; }
        }
    } else if (queueSlot < bgQueues_.size() && bgQueues_[queueSlot].statusId == 2) {
        slot = &bgQueues_[queueSlot];
    }

    if (!slot) {
        addSystemChatMessage("No battleground invitation pending.");
        return;
    }

    // CMSG_BATTLEFIELD_PORT with action=0 (decline)
    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_BATTLEFIELD_PORT));
    pkt.writeUInt8(slot->arenaType);
    pkt.writeUInt8(0x00);
    pkt.writeUInt32(slot->bgTypeId);
    pkt.writeUInt16(0x0000);
    pkt.writeUInt8(0);  // 0 = decline

    socket->send(pkt);

    // Clear queue slot
    uint32_t clearSlot = slot->queueSlot;
    if (clearSlot < bgQueues_.size()) {
        bgQueues_[clearSlot] = BgQueueSlot{};
    }

    addSystemChatMessage("Battleground invitation declined.");
    LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_BATTLEFIELD_PORT: decline");
}

bool GameHandler::hasPendingBgInvite() const {
    for (const auto& slot : bgQueues_) {
        if (slot.statusId == 2) return true;  // STATUS_WAIT_JOIN
    }
    return false;
}

void GameHandler::acceptBattlefield(uint32_t queueSlot) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD) return;
    if (!socket) return;

    // Find first WAIT_JOIN slot if no specific slot given
    const BgQueueSlot* slot = nullptr;
    if (queueSlot == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
        for (const auto& s : bgQueues_) {
            if (s.statusId == 2) { slot = &s; break; }
        }
    } else if (queueSlot < bgQueues_.size() && bgQueues_[queueSlot].statusId == 2) {
        slot = &bgQueues_[queueSlot];
    }

    if (!slot) {
        addSystemChatMessage("No battleground invitation pending.");
        return;
    }

    // CMSG_BATTLEFIELD_PORT: arenaType(1) + unk(1) + bgTypeId(4) + unk(2) + action(1) = 9 bytes
    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_BATTLEFIELD_PORT));
    pkt.writeUInt8(slot->arenaType);
    pkt.writeUInt8(0x00);
    pkt.writeUInt32(slot->bgTypeId);
    pkt.writeUInt16(0x0000);
    pkt.writeUInt8(1);  // 1 = accept, 0 = decline

    socket->send(pkt);

    // Optimistically clear the invite so the popup disappears immediately.
    uint32_t clearSlot = slot->queueSlot;
    if (clearSlot < bgQueues_.size()) {
        bgQueues_[clearSlot].statusId = 3; // STATUS_IN_PROGRESS (server will confirm)
    }

    addSystemChatMessage("Accepting battleground invitation...");
    LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_BATTLEFIELD_PORT: accept bgTypeId=", slot->bgTypeId);
}

void GameHandler::handleRaidInstanceInfo(network::Packet& packet) {
    // TBC 2.4.3 format: mapId(4) + difficulty(4) + resetTime(4 — uint32 seconds) + locked(1)
    // WotLK 3.3.5a format: mapId(4) + difficulty(4) + resetTime(8 — uint64 timestamp) + locked(1) + extended(1)
    const bool isTbc = isActiveExpansion("tbc");
    const bool isClassic = isClassicLikeExpansion();
    const bool useTbcFormat = isTbc || isClassic;

    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) return;
    uint32_t count = packet.readUInt32();

    instanceLockouts_.clear();
    instanceLockouts_.reserve(count);

    const size_t kEntrySize = useTbcFormat ? (4 + 4 + 4 + 1) : (4 + 4 + 8 + 1 + 1);
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < kEntrySize) break;
        InstanceLockout lo;
        lo.mapId      = packet.readUInt32();
        lo.difficulty = packet.readUInt32();
        if (useTbcFormat) {
            lo.resetTime = packet.readUInt32();   // TBC/Classic: 4-byte seconds
            lo.locked    = packet.readUInt8() != 0;
            lo.extended  = false;
        } else {
            lo.resetTime = packet.readUInt64();   // WotLK: 8-byte timestamp
            lo.locked    = packet.readUInt8() != 0;
            lo.extended  = packet.readUInt8() != 0;
        }
        instanceLockouts_.push_back(lo);
        LOG_INFO("Instance lockout: mapId=", lo.mapId, " diff=", lo.difficulty,
                 " reset=", lo.resetTime, " locked=", lo.locked, " extended=", lo.extended);
    }
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_RAID_INSTANCE_INFO: ", instanceLockouts_.size(), " lockout(s)");
}

void GameHandler::handleInstanceDifficulty(network::Packet& packet) {
    // SMSG_INSTANCE_DIFFICULTY:    uint32 difficulty, uint32 heroic (8 bytes)
    // MSG_SET_DUNGEON_DIFFICULTY:  uint32 difficulty[, uint32 isInGroup, uint32 savedBool] (4 or 12 bytes)
    auto rem = [&]() { return packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos(); };
    if (rem() < 4) return;
    uint32_t prevDifficulty = instanceDifficulty_;
    instanceDifficulty_ = packet.readUInt32();
    if (rem() >= 4) {
        uint32_t secondField = packet.readUInt32();
        // SMSG_INSTANCE_DIFFICULTY: second field is heroic flag (0 or 1)
        // MSG_SET_DUNGEON_DIFFICULTY: second field is isInGroup (not heroic)
        // Heroic = difficulty value 1 for 5-man, so use the field value for SMSG and
        // infer from difficulty for MSG variant (which has larger payloads).
        if (rem() >= 4) {
            // Three+ fields: this is MSG_SET_DUNGEON_DIFFICULTY; heroic = (difficulty == 1)
            instanceIsHeroic_ = (instanceDifficulty_ == 1);
        } else {
            // Two fields: SMSG_INSTANCE_DIFFICULTY format
            instanceIsHeroic_ = (secondField != 0);
        }
    } else {
        instanceIsHeroic_ = (instanceDifficulty_ == 1);
    }
    LOG_INFO("Instance difficulty: ", instanceDifficulty_, " heroic=", instanceIsHeroic_);

    // Announce difficulty change to the player (only when it actually changes)
    // difficulty values: 0=Normal, 1=Heroic, 2=25-Man Normal, 3=25-Man Heroic
    if (instanceDifficulty_ != prevDifficulty) {
        static const char* kDiffLabels[] = {"Normal", "Heroic", "25-Man Normal", "25-Man Heroic"};
        const char* diffLabel = (instanceDifficulty_ < 4) ? kDiffLabels[instanceDifficulty_] : nullptr;
        if (diffLabel)
            addSystemChatMessage(std::string("Dungeon difficulty set to ") + diffLabel + ".");
    }
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// LFG / Dungeon Finder handlers (WotLK 3.3.5a)
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

static const char* lfgJoinResultString(uint8_t result) {
    switch (result) {
        case 0:  return nullptr; // success
        case 1:  return "Role check failed.";
        case 2:  return "No LFG slots available for your group.";
        case 3:  return "No LFG object found.";
        case 4:  return "No slots available (player).";
        case 5:  return "No slots available (party).";
        case 6:  return "Dungeon requirements not met by all members.";
        case 7:  return "Party members are from different realms.";
        case 8:  return "Not all members are present.";
        case 9:  return "Get info timeout.";
        case 10: return "Invalid dungeon slot.";
        case 11: return "You are marked as a deserter.";
        case 12: return "A party member is marked as a deserter.";
        case 13: return "You are on a random dungeon cooldown.";
        case 14: return "A party member is on a random dungeon cooldown.";
        case 16: return "No spec/role available.";
        default: return "Cannot join dungeon finder.";
    }
}

static const char* lfgTeleportDeniedString(uint8_t reason) {
    switch (reason) {
        case 0:  return "You are not in a LFG group.";
        case 1:  return "You are not in the dungeon.";
        case 2:  return "You have a summon pending.";
        case 3:  return "You are dead.";
        case 4:  return "You have Deserter.";
        case 5:  return "You do not meet the requirements.";
        default: return "Teleport to dungeon denied.";
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleLfgJoinResult(network::Packet& packet) {
    size_t remaining = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
    if (remaining < 2) return;

    uint8_t result = packet.readUInt8();
    uint8_t state  = packet.readUInt8();

    if (result == 0) {
        // Success — state tells us what phase we're entering
        lfgState_ = static_cast<LfgState>(state);
        LOG_INFO("SMSG_LFG_JOIN_RESULT: success, state=", static_cast<int>(state));
        {
            std::string dName = getLfgDungeonName(lfgDungeonId_);
            if (!dName.empty())
                addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: Joined the queue for " + dName + ".");
            else
                addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: Joined the queue.");
        }
    } else {
        const char* msg = lfgJoinResultString(result);
        std::string errMsg = std::string("Dungeon Finder: ") + (msg ? msg : "Join failed.");
        addUIError(errMsg);
        addSystemChatMessage(errMsg);
        LOG_INFO("SMSG_LFG_JOIN_RESULT: result=", static_cast<int>(result),
                 " state=", static_cast<int>(state));
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleLfgQueueStatus(network::Packet& packet) {
    size_t remaining = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
    if (remaining < 4 + 6 * 4 + 1 + 4) return;  // dungeonId + 6 int32 + uint8 + uint32

    lfgDungeonId_     = packet.readUInt32();
    int32_t avgWait   = static_cast<int32_t>(packet.readUInt32());
    int32_t waitTime  = static_cast<int32_t>(packet.readUInt32());
    /*int32_t waitTimeTank   =*/ static_cast<int32_t>(packet.readUInt32());
    /*int32_t waitTimeHealer =*/ static_cast<int32_t>(packet.readUInt32());
    /*int32_t waitTimeDps    =*/ static_cast<int32_t>(packet.readUInt32());
    /*uint8_t  queuedByNeeded=*/ packet.readUInt8();
    lfgTimeInQueueMs_ = packet.readUInt32();

    lfgAvgWaitSec_ = (waitTime >= 0) ? (waitTime / 1000) : (avgWait / 1000);
    lfgState_ = LfgState::Queued;

    LOG_INFO("SMSG_LFG_QUEUE_STATUS: dungeonId=", lfgDungeonId_,
             " avgWait=", avgWait, "ms waitTime=", waitTime, "ms");
}

void GameHandler::handleLfgProposalUpdate(network::Packet& packet) {
    size_t remaining = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
    if (remaining < 16) return;

    uint32_t dungeonId     = packet.readUInt32();
    uint32_t proposalId    = packet.readUInt32();
    uint32_t proposalState = packet.readUInt32();
    /*uint32_t encounterMask =*/ packet.readUInt32();

    if (remaining < 17) return;
    /*bool canOverride =*/ packet.readUInt8();

    lfgDungeonId_  = dungeonId;
    lfgProposalId_ = proposalId;

    switch (proposalState) {
        case 0:
            lfgState_      = LfgState::Queued;
            lfgProposalId_ = 0;
            addUIError("Dungeon Finder: Group proposal failed.");
            addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: Group proposal failed.");
            break;
        case 1: {
            lfgState_      = LfgState::InDungeon;
            lfgProposalId_ = 0;
            std::string dName = getLfgDungeonName(dungeonId);
            if (!dName.empty())
                addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: Group found for " + dName + "! Entering dungeon...");
            else
                addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: Group found! Entering dungeon...");
            break;
        }
        case 2: {
            lfgState_ = LfgState::Proposal;
            std::string dName = getLfgDungeonName(dungeonId);
            if (!dName.empty())
                addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: A group has been found for " + dName + ". Accept or decline.");
            else
                addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: A group has been found. Accept or decline.");
            break;
        }
        default:
            break;
    }

    LOG_INFO("SMSG_LFG_PROPOSAL_UPDATE: dungeonId=", dungeonId,
             " proposalId=", proposalId, " state=", proposalState);
}

void GameHandler::handleLfgRoleCheckUpdate(network::Packet& packet) {
    size_t remaining = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
    if (remaining < 6) return;

    /*uint32_t dungeonId =*/ packet.readUInt32();
    uint8_t  roleCheckState = packet.readUInt8();
    /*bool     isBeginning =*/ packet.readUInt8();

    // roleCheckState: 0=default, 1=finished, 2=initializing, 3=missing_role, 4=wrong_dungeons
    if (roleCheckState == 1) {
        lfgState_ = LfgState::Queued;
        LOG_INFO("LFG role check finished");
    } else if (roleCheckState == 3) {
        lfgState_ = LfgState::None;
        addUIError("Dungeon Finder: Role check failed — missing required role.");
        addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: Role check failed — missing required role.");
    } else if (roleCheckState == 2) {
        lfgState_ = LfgState::RoleCheck;
        addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: Performing role check...");
    }

    LOG_INFO("SMSG_LFG_ROLE_CHECK_UPDATE: roleCheckState=", static_cast<int>(roleCheckState));
}

void GameHandler::handleLfgUpdatePlayer(network::Packet& packet) {
    // SMSG_LFG_UPDATE_PLAYER and SMSG_LFG_UPDATE_PARTY share the same layout.
    size_t remaining = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
    if (remaining < 1) return;

    uint8_t updateType = packet.readUInt8();

    // LFGUpdateType values that carry no extra payload
    // 0=default, 1=leader_unk1, 4=rolecheck_aborted, 8=removed_from_queue,
    // 9=proposal_failed, 10=proposal_declined, 15=leave_queue, 17=member_offline, 18=group_disband
    bool hasExtra = (updateType != 0 && updateType != 1 && updateType != 15 &&
                     updateType != 17 && updateType != 18);
    if (!hasExtra || packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 3) {
        switch (updateType) {
            case 8:  lfgState_ = LfgState::None;
                     addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: Removed from queue."); break;
            case 9:  lfgState_ = LfgState::Queued;
                     addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: Proposal failed — re-queuing."); break;
            case 10: lfgState_ = LfgState::Queued;
                     addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: A member declined the proposal."); break;
            case 15: lfgState_ = LfgState::None;
                     addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: Left the queue."); break;
            case 18: lfgState_ = LfgState::None;
                     addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: Your group disbanded."); break;
            default: break;
        }
        LOG_INFO("SMSG_LFG_UPDATE_PLAYER/PARTY: updateType=", static_cast<int>(updateType));
        return;
    }

    /*bool queued =*/ packet.readUInt8();
    packet.readUInt8(); // unk1
    packet.readUInt8(); // unk2

    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
        uint8_t count = packet.readUInt8();
        for (uint8_t i = 0; i < count && packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4; ++i) {
            uint32_t dungeonEntry = packet.readUInt32();
            if (i == 0) lfgDungeonId_ = dungeonEntry;
        }
    }

    switch (updateType) {
        case 6:  lfgState_ = LfgState::Queued;
                 addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: You have joined the queue."); break;
        case 11: lfgState_ = LfgState::Proposal;
                 addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: A group has been found!"); break;
        case 12: lfgState_ = LfgState::Queued;
                 addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: Added to queue."); break;
        case 13: lfgState_ = LfgState::Proposal;
                 addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: Proposal started."); break;
        case 14: lfgState_ = LfgState::InDungeon; break;
        case 16: addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: Two members are ready."); break;
        default: break;
    }
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_LFG_UPDATE_PLAYER/PARTY: updateType=", static_cast<int>(updateType));
}

void GameHandler::handleLfgPlayerReward(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (!packetHasRemaining(packet, 4 + 4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + 4)) return;

    /*uint32_t randomDungeonEntry =*/ packet.readUInt32();
    /*uint32_t dungeonEntry       =*/ packet.readUInt32();
    packet.readUInt8();  // unk
    uint32_t money  = packet.readUInt32();
    uint32_t xp     = packet.readUInt32();

    // Convert copper to gold/silver/copper
    uint32_t gold   = money / 10000;
    uint32_t silver = (money % 10000) / 100;
    uint32_t copper = money % 100;
    char moneyBuf[64];
    if (gold > 0)
        snprintf(moneyBuf, sizeof(moneyBuf), "%ug %us %uc", gold, silver, copper);
    else if (silver > 0)
        snprintf(moneyBuf, sizeof(moneyBuf), "%us %uc", silver, copper);
    else
        snprintf(moneyBuf, sizeof(moneyBuf), "%uc", copper);

    std::string rewardMsg = std::string("Dungeon Finder reward: ") + moneyBuf +
                            ", " + std::to_string(xp) + " XP";

    if (packetHasRemaining(packet, 4)) {
        uint32_t rewardCount = packet.readUInt32();
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < rewardCount && packetHasRemaining(packet, 9); ++i) {
            uint32_t itemId    = packet.readUInt32();
            uint32_t itemCount = packet.readUInt32();
            packet.readUInt8();  // unk
            if (i == 0) {
                std::string itemLabel = "item #" + std::to_string(itemId);
                uint32_t lfgItemQuality = 1;
                if (const ItemQueryResponseData* info = getItemInfo(itemId)) {
                    if (!info->name.empty()) itemLabel = info->name;
                    lfgItemQuality = info->quality;
                }
                rewardMsg += ", " + buildItemLink(itemId, lfgItemQuality, itemLabel);
                if (itemCount > 1) rewardMsg += " x" + std::to_string(itemCount);
            }
        }
    }

    addSystemChatMessage(rewardMsg);
    lfgState_ = LfgState::FinishedDungeon;
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_LFG_PLAYER_REWARD: money=", money, " xp=", xp);
}

void GameHandler::handleLfgBootProposalUpdate(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (!packetHasRemaining(packet, 7 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4)) return;

    bool inProgress = packet.readUInt8() != 0;
    /*bool myVote   =*/ packet.readUInt8();   // whether local player has voted
    /*bool myAnswer =*/ packet.readUInt8();   // local player's vote (yes/no) — unused; result derived from counts
    uint32_t totalVotes  = packet.readUInt32();
    uint32_t bootVotes   = packet.readUInt32();
    uint32_t timeLeft    = packet.readUInt32();
    uint32_t votesNeeded = packet.readUInt32();

    lfgBootVotes_    = bootVotes;
    lfgBootTotal_    = totalVotes;
    lfgBootTimeLeft_ = timeLeft;
    lfgBootNeeded_   = votesNeeded;

    // Optional: reason string and target name (null-terminated) follow the fixed fields
    if (packet.getReadPos() < packet.getSize())
        lfgBootReason_ = packet.readString();
    if (packet.getReadPos() < packet.getSize())
        lfgBootTargetName_ = packet.readString();

    if (inProgress) {
        lfgState_ = LfgState::Boot;
    } else {
        // Boot vote ended — pass/fail determined by whether enough yes votes were cast,
        // not by the local player's own vote (myAnswer = what *I* voted, not the result).
        const bool bootPassed = (bootVotes >= votesNeeded);
        lfgBootVotes_ = lfgBootTotal_ = lfgBootTimeLeft_ = lfgBootNeeded_ = 0;
        lfgBootTargetName_.clear();
        lfgBootReason_.clear();
        lfgState_ = LfgState::InDungeon;
        if (bootPassed) {
            addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: Vote kick passed — member removed.");
        } else {
            addSystemChatMessage("Dungeon Finder: Vote kick failed.");
        }
    }

    LOG_INFO("SMSG_LFG_BOOT_PROPOSAL_UPDATE: inProgress=", inProgress,
             " bootVotes=", bootVotes, "/", totalVotes,
             " target=", lfgBootTargetName_, " reason=", lfgBootReason_);
}

void GameHandler::handleLfgTeleportDenied(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) return;
    uint8_t reason = packet.readUInt8();
    const char* msg = lfgTeleportDeniedString(reason);
    addSystemChatMessage(std::string("Dungeon Finder: ") + msg);
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_LFG_TELEPORT_DENIED: reason=", static_cast<int>(reason));
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// LFG outgoing packets
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void GameHandler::lfgJoin(uint32_t dungeonId, uint8_t roles) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;

    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_LFG_JOIN));
    pkt.writeUInt8(roles);
    pkt.writeUInt8(0);  // needed
    pkt.writeUInt8(0);  // unk
    pkt.writeUInt8(1);  // 1 dungeon in list
    pkt.writeUInt32(dungeonId);
    pkt.writeString("");  // comment

    socket->send(pkt);
    LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_LFG_JOIN: dungeonId=", dungeonId, " roles=", static_cast<int>(roles));
}

void GameHandler::lfgLeave() {
    if (!socket) return;

    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_LFG_LEAVE));
    // CMSG_LFG_LEAVE has an LFG identifier block; send zeroes to leave any active queue.
    pkt.writeUInt32(0);  // slot
    pkt.writeUInt32(0);  // unk
    pkt.writeUInt32(0);  // dungeonId

    socket->send(pkt);
    lfgState_ = LfgState::None;
    LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_LFG_LEAVE");
}

void GameHandler::lfgAcceptProposal(uint32_t proposalId, bool accept) {
    if (!socket) return;

    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_LFG_PROPOSAL_RESULT));
    pkt.writeUInt32(proposalId);
    pkt.writeUInt8(accept ? 1 : 0);

    socket->send(pkt);
    LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_LFG_PROPOSAL_RESULT: proposalId=", proposalId, " accept=", accept);
}

void GameHandler::lfgTeleport(bool toLfgDungeon) {
    if (!socket) return;

    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_LFG_TELEPORT));
    pkt.writeUInt8(toLfgDungeon ? 0 : 1);  // 0=teleport in, 1=teleport out

    socket->send(pkt);
    LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_LFG_TELEPORT: toLfgDungeon=", toLfgDungeon);
}

void GameHandler::lfgSetBootVote(bool vote) {
    if (!socket) return;
    uint16_t wireOp = wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_LFG_SET_BOOT_VOTE);
    if (wireOp == 0xFFFF) return;

    network::Packet pkt(wireOp);
    pkt.writeUInt8(vote ? 1 : 0);

    socket->send(pkt);
    LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_LFG_SET_BOOT_VOTE: vote=", vote);
}

void GameHandler::loadAreaTriggerDbc() {
    if (areaTriggerDbcLoaded_) return;
    areaTriggerDbcLoaded_ = true;

    auto* am = core::Application::getInstance().getAssetManager();
    if (!am || !am->isInitialized()) return;

    auto dbc = am->loadDBC("AreaTrigger.dbc");
    if (!dbc || !dbc->isLoaded()) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to load AreaTrigger.dbc");
        return;
    }

    areaTriggers_.reserve(dbc->getRecordCount());
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < dbc->getRecordCount(); i++) {
        AreaTriggerEntry at;
        at.id     = dbc->getUInt32(i, 0);
        at.mapId  = dbc->getUInt32(i, 1);
        // DBC stores positions in server/wire format (X=west, Y=north) — swap to canonical
        at.x = dbc->getFloat(i, 3);  // canonical X (north) = DBC field 3 (Y_wire)
        at.y = dbc->getFloat(i, 2);  // canonical Y (west)  = DBC field 2 (X_wire)
        at.z = dbc->getFloat(i, 4);
        at.radius    = dbc->getFloat(i, 5);
        at.boxLength = dbc->getFloat(i, 6);
        at.boxWidth  = dbc->getFloat(i, 7);
        at.boxHeight = dbc->getFloat(i, 8);
        at.boxYaw    = dbc->getFloat(i, 9);
        areaTriggers_.push_back(at);
    }

    LOG_WARNING("Loaded ", areaTriggers_.size(), " area triggers from AreaTrigger.dbc");
}

void GameHandler::checkAreaTriggers() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    if (onTaxiFlight_ || taxiClientActive_) return;

    loadAreaTriggerDbc();
    if (areaTriggers_.empty()) return;

    const float px = movementInfo.x;
    const float py = movementInfo.y;
    const float pz = movementInfo.z;

    // On first check after map transfer, just mark which triggers we're inside
    // without firing them — prevents exit portal from immediately sending us back
    bool suppressFirst = areaTriggerSuppressFirst_;
    if (suppressFirst) {
        areaTriggerSuppressFirst_ = false;
    }

    for (const auto& at : areaTriggers_) {
        if (at.mapId != currentMapId_) continue;

        bool inside = false;
        if (at.radius > 0.0f) {
            // Sphere trigger — use actual radius, with small floor for very tiny triggers
            float effectiveRadius = std::max(at.radius, 3.0f);
            float dx = px - at.x;
            float dy = py - at.y;
            float dz = pz - at.z;
            float distSq = dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz;
            inside = (distSq <= effectiveRadius * effectiveRadius);
        } else if (at.boxLength > 0.0f || at.boxWidth > 0.0f || at.boxHeight > 0.0f) {
            // Box trigger — use actual size, with small floor for tiny triggers
            float boxMin = 4.0f;
            float effLength = std::max(at.boxLength, boxMin);
            float effWidth = std::max(at.boxWidth, boxMin);
            float effHeight = std::max(at.boxHeight, boxMin);

            float dx = px - at.x;
            float dy = py - at.y;
            float dz = pz - at.z;

            // Rotate into box-local space
            float cosYaw = std::cos(-at.boxYaw);
            float sinYaw = std::sin(-at.boxYaw);
            float localX = dx * cosYaw - dy * sinYaw;
            float localY = dx * sinYaw + dy * cosYaw;

            inside = (std::abs(localX) <= effLength * 0.5f &&
                      std::abs(localY) <= effWidth * 0.5f &&
                      std::abs(dz) <= effHeight * 0.5f);
        }

        if (inside) {
            if (activeAreaTriggers_.count(at.id) == 0) {
                activeAreaTriggers_.insert(at.id);

                if (suppressFirst) {
                    // After map transfer: mark triggers we're inside of, but don't fire them.
                    // This prevents the exit portal from immediately sending us back.
                    LOG_WARNING("AreaTrigger suppressed (post-transfer): AT", at.id);
                } else {
                    // Temporarily move player to trigger center so the server's distance
                    // check passes, then restore to actual position so the server doesn't
                    // persist the fake position on disconnect.
                    float savedX = movementInfo.x, savedY = movementInfo.y, savedZ = movementInfo.z;
                    movementInfo.x = at.x;
                    movementInfo.y = at.y;
                    movementInfo.z = at.z;
                    sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_HEARTBEAT);

                    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_AREATRIGGER));
                    pkt.writeUInt32(at.id);
                    socket->send(pkt);
                    LOG_WARNING("Fired CMSG_AREATRIGGER: id=", at.id,
                             " at (", at.x, ", ", at.y, ", ", at.z, ")");

                    // Restore actual player position
                    movementInfo.x = savedX;
                    movementInfo.y = savedY;
                    movementInfo.z = savedZ;
                    sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_HEARTBEAT);
                }
            }
        } else {
            // Player left the trigger — allow re-fire on re-entry
            activeAreaTriggers_.erase(at.id);
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleArenaTeamCommandResult(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) return;
    uint32_t command = packet.readUInt32();
    std::string name = packet.readString();
    uint32_t error = packet.readUInt32();

    static const char* commands[] = { "create", "invite", "leave", "remove", "disband", "leader" };
    std::string cmdName = (command < 6) ? commands[command] : "unknown";

    if (error == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("Arena team " + cmdName + " successful" +
                           (name.empty() ? "." : ": " + name));
    } else {
        addSystemChatMessage("Arena team " + cmdName + " failed" +
                           (name.empty() ? "." : " for " + name + "."));
    }
    LOG_INFO("Arena team command: ", cmdName, " name=", name, " error=", error);
}

void GameHandler::handleArenaTeamQueryResponse(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) return;
    uint32_t teamId = packet.readUInt32();
    std::string teamName = packet.readString();
    LOG_INFO("Arena team query response: id=", teamId, " name=", teamName);
}

void GameHandler::handleArenaTeamRoster(network::Packet& packet) {
    // SMSG_ARENA_TEAM_ROSTER (WotLK 3.3.5a):
    //   uint32 teamId
    //   uint8  unk (0 = not captainship packet)
    //   uint32 memberCount
    //   For each member:
    //     uint64 guid
    //     uint8  online (1=online, 0=offline)
    //     string name (null-terminated)
    //     uint32 gamesWeek
    //     uint32 winsWeek
    //     uint32 gamesSeason
    //     uint32 winsSeason
    //     uint32 personalRating
    //     float  modDay   (unused here)
    //     float  modWeek  (unused here)
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 9) return;

    uint32_t teamId     = packet.readUInt32();
    /*uint8_t unk =*/    packet.readUInt8();
    uint32_t memberCount = packet.readUInt32();

    // Sanity cap to avoid huge allocations from malformed packets
    if (memberCount > 100) memberCount = 100;

    ArenaTeamRoster roster;
    roster.teamId = teamId;
    roster.members.reserve(memberCount);

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < memberCount; ++i) {
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 12) break;

        ArenaTeamMember m;
        m.guid           = packet.readUInt64();
        m.online         = (packet.readUInt8() != 0);
        m.name           = packet.readString();
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 20) break;
        m.weekGames      = packet.readUInt32();
        m.weekWins       = packet.readUInt32();
        m.seasonGames    = packet.readUInt32();
        m.seasonWins     = packet.readUInt32();
        m.personalRating = packet.readUInt32();
        // skip 2 floats (modDay, modWeek)
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
            packet.readFloat();
            packet.readFloat();
        }
        roster.members.push_back(std::move(m));
    }

    // Replace existing roster for this team or append
    for (auto& r : arenaTeamRosters_) {
        if (r.teamId == teamId) {
            r = std::move(roster);
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_ARENA_TEAM_ROSTER: updated teamId=", teamId,
                     " members=", r.members.size());
            return;
        }
    }
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_ARENA_TEAM_ROSTER: new teamId=", teamId,
             " members=", roster.members.size());
    arenaTeamRosters_.push_back(std::move(roster));
}

void GameHandler::handleArenaTeamInvite(network::Packet& packet) {
    std::string playerName = packet.readString();
    std::string teamName = packet.readString();
    addSystemChatMessage(playerName + " has invited you to join " + teamName + ".");
    LOG_INFO("Arena team invite from ", playerName, " to ", teamName);
}

void GameHandler::handleArenaTeamEvent(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) return;
    uint8_t event = packet.readUInt8();

    // Read string params (up to 3)
    uint8_t strCount = 0;
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
        strCount = packet.readUInt8();
    }

    std::string param1, param2;
    if (strCount >= 1 && packet.getSize() > packet.getReadPos()) param1 = packet.readString();
    if (strCount >= 2 && packet.getSize() > packet.getReadPos()) param2 = packet.readString();

    // Build natural-language message based on event type
    // Event params: 0=joined(name), 1=left(name), 2=removed(name,kicker),
    //               3=leader_changed(new,old), 4=disbanded, 5=created(name)
    std::string msg;
    switch (event) {
        case 0: // joined
            msg = param1.empty() ? "A player has joined your arena team."
                                 : param1 + " has joined your arena team.";
            break;
        case 1: // left
            msg = param1.empty() ? "A player has left the arena team."
                                 : param1 + " has left the arena team.";
            break;
        case 2: // removed
            if (!param1.empty() && !param2.empty())
                msg = param1 + " has been removed from the arena team by " + param2 + ".";
            else if (!param1.empty())
                msg = param1 + " has been removed from the arena team.";
            else
                msg = "A player has been removed from the arena team.";
            break;
        case 3: // leader changed
            msg = param1.empty() ? "The arena team captain has changed."
                                 : param1 + " is now the arena team captain.";
            break;
        case 4: // disbanded
            msg = "Your arena team has been disbanded.";
            break;
        case 5: // created
            msg = param1.empty() ? "Your arena team has been created."
                                 : "Arena team \"" + param1 + "\" has been created.";
            break;
        default:
            msg = "Arena team event " + std::to_string(event);
            if (!param1.empty()) msg += ": " + param1;
            break;
    }
    addSystemChatMessage(msg);
    LOG_INFO("Arena team event: ", (int)event, " ", param1, " ", param2);
}

void GameHandler::handleArenaTeamStats(network::Packet& packet) {
    // SMSG_ARENA_TEAM_STATS (WotLK 3.3.5a):
    //   uint32 teamId, uint32 rating, uint32 weekGames, uint32 weekWins,
    //   uint32 seasonGames, uint32 seasonWins, uint32 rank
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 28) return;

    ArenaTeamStats stats;
    stats.teamId      = packet.readUInt32();
    stats.rating      = packet.readUInt32();
    stats.weekGames   = packet.readUInt32();
    stats.weekWins    = packet.readUInt32();
    stats.seasonGames = packet.readUInt32();
    stats.seasonWins  = packet.readUInt32();
    stats.rank        = packet.readUInt32();

    // Update or insert for this team
    for (auto& s : arenaTeamStats_) {
        if (s.teamId == stats.teamId) {
            s = stats;
            LOG_INFO("SMSG_ARENA_TEAM_STATS: teamId=", stats.teamId,
                     " rating=", stats.rating, " rank=", stats.rank);
            return;
        }
    }
    arenaTeamStats_.push_back(stats);
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_ARENA_TEAM_STATS: teamId=", stats.teamId,
             " rating=", stats.rating, " rank=", stats.rank);
}

void GameHandler::handleArenaError(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) return;
    uint32_t error = packet.readUInt32();

    std::string msg;
    switch (error) {
        case 1: msg = "The other team is not big enough."; break;
        case 2: msg = "That team is full."; break;
        case 3: msg = "Not enough members to start."; break;
        case 4: msg = "Too many members."; break;
        default: msg = "Arena error (code " + std::to_string(error) + ")"; break;
    }
    addSystemChatMessage(msg);
    LOG_INFO("Arena error: ", error, " - ", msg);
}

void GameHandler::requestPvpLog() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    // MSG_PVP_LOG_DATA is bidirectional: client sends an empty packet to request
    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_PVP_LOG_DATA));
    socket->send(pkt);
    LOG_INFO("Requested PvP log data");
}

void GameHandler::handlePvpLogData(network::Packet& packet) {
    auto remaining = [&]() { return packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos(); };
    if (remaining() < 1) return;

    bgScoreboard_ = BgScoreboardData{};
    bgScoreboard_.isArena = (packet.readUInt8() != 0);

    if (bgScoreboard_.isArena) {
        // WotLK 3.3.5a MSG_PVP_LOG_DATA arena header:
        //   two team blocks × (uint32 ratingChange + uint32 newRating + uint32 unk1 + uint32 unk2 + uint32 unk3 + CString teamName)
        // After both team blocks: same player list and winner fields as battleground.
        for (int t = 0; t < 2; ++t) {
            if (remaining() < 20) { packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize()); return; }
            bgScoreboard_.arenaTeams[t].ratingChange = packet.readUInt32();
            bgScoreboard_.arenaTeams[t].newRating    = packet.readUInt32();
            packet.readUInt32(); // unk1
            packet.readUInt32(); // unk2
            packet.readUInt32(); // unk3
            bgScoreboard_.arenaTeams[t].teamName = remaining() > 0 ? packet.readString() : "";
        }
        // Fall through to parse player list and winner fields below (same layout as BG)
    }

    if (remaining() < 4) return;
    uint32_t playerCount = packet.readUInt32();
    bgScoreboard_.players.reserve(playerCount);

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < playerCount && remaining() >= 13; ++i) {
        BgPlayerScore ps;
        ps.guid           = packet.readUInt64();
        ps.team           = packet.readUInt8();
        ps.killingBlows   = packet.readUInt32();
        ps.honorableKills = packet.readUInt32();
        ps.deaths         = packet.readUInt32();
        ps.bonusHonor     = packet.readUInt32();

        // Resolve player name from entity manager
        {
            auto ent = entityManager.getEntity(ps.guid);
            if (ent && (ent->getType() == game::ObjectType::PLAYER ||
                        ent->getType() == game::ObjectType::UNIT)) {
                auto u = std::static_pointer_cast<game::Unit>(ent);
                if (!u->getName().empty()) ps.name = u->getName();
            }
        }

        // BG-specific stat blocks: uint32 count + N × (string fieldName + uint32 value)
        if (remaining() < 4) { bgScoreboard_.players.push_back(std::move(ps)); break; }
        uint32_t statCount = packet.readUInt32();
        for (uint32_t s = 0; s < statCount && remaining() >= 5; ++s) {
            std::string fieldName;
            while (remaining() > 0) {
                char c = static_cast<char>(packet.readUInt8());
                if (c == '\0') break;
                fieldName += c;
            }
            uint32_t val = (remaining() >= 4) ? packet.readUInt32() : 0;
            ps.bgStats.emplace_back(std::move(fieldName), val);
        }

        bgScoreboard_.players.push_back(std::move(ps));
    }

    if (remaining() >= 1) {
        bgScoreboard_.hasWinner = (packet.readUInt8() != 0);
        if (bgScoreboard_.hasWinner && remaining() >= 1)
            bgScoreboard_.winner = packet.readUInt8();
    }

    if (bgScoreboard_.isArena) {
        LOG_INFO("Arena log: ", bgScoreboard_.players.size(), " players, hasWinner=",
                 bgScoreboard_.hasWinner, " winner=", (int)bgScoreboard_.winner,
                 " team0='", bgScoreboard_.arenaTeams[0].teamName,
                 "' ratingChange=", (int32_t)bgScoreboard_.arenaTeams[0].ratingChange,
                 " team1='", bgScoreboard_.arenaTeams[1].teamName,
                 "' ratingChange=", (int32_t)bgScoreboard_.arenaTeams[1].ratingChange);
    } else {
        LOG_INFO("PvP log: ", bgScoreboard_.players.size(), " players, hasWinner=",
                 bgScoreboard_.hasWinner, " winner=", (int)bgScoreboard_.winner);
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleMoveSetSpeed(network::Packet& packet) {
    // MSG_MOVE_SET_*_SPEED: PackedGuid (WotLK) / full uint64 (Classic/TBC) + MovementInfo + float speed.
    // The MovementInfo block is variable-length; rather than fully parsing it, we read the
    // fixed prefix, skip over optional blocks by consuming remaining bytes until 4 remain,
    // then read the speed float. This is safe because the speed is always the last field.
    const bool useFull = isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc");
    uint64_t moverGuid = useFull
        ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);

    // Skip to the last 4 bytes — the speed float — by advancing past the MovementInfo.
    // This avoids duplicating the full variable-length MovementInfo parser here.
    const size_t remaining = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
    if (remaining < 4) return;
    if (remaining > 4) {
        // Advance past all MovementInfo bytes (flags, time, position, optional blocks).
        // Speed is always the last 4 bytes in the packet.
        packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize() - 4);
    }

    float speed = packet.readFloat();
    if (!std::isfinite(speed) || speed <= 0.01f || speed > 200.0f) return;

    // Update local player speed state if this broadcast targets us.
    if (moverGuid != playerGuid) return;
    const uint16_t wireOp = packet.getOpcode();
    if      (wireOp == wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_RUN_SPEED))        serverRunSpeed_      = speed;
    else if (wireOp == wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_RUN_BACK_SPEED))   serverRunBackSpeed_  = speed;
    else if (wireOp == wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_WALK_SPEED))       serverWalkSpeed_     = speed;
    else if (wireOp == wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_SWIM_SPEED))       serverSwimSpeed_     = speed;
    else if (wireOp == wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_SWIM_BACK_SPEED))  serverSwimBackSpeed_ = speed;
    else if (wireOp == wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_FLIGHT_SPEED))     serverFlightSpeed_   = speed;
    else if (wireOp == wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_FLIGHT_BACK_SPEED))serverFlightBackSpeed_= speed;
}

void GameHandler::handleOtherPlayerMovement(network::Packet& packet) {
    // Server relays MSG_MOVE_* for other players: packed GUID (WotLK) or full uint64 (TBC/Classic)
    const bool otherMoveTbc = isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc");
    uint64_t moverGuid = otherMoveTbc
        ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
    if (moverGuid == playerGuid || moverGuid == 0) {
        return; // Skip our own echoes
    }

    // Read movement info (expansion-specific format)
    // For classic: moveFlags(u32) + time(u32) + pos(4xf32) + [transport] + [pitch] + fallTime(u32) + [jump] + [splineElev]
    MovementInfo info = {};
    info.flags = packet.readUInt32();
    // WotLK has u16 flags2, TBC has u8, Classic has none.
    // Do NOT use build-number thresholds here (Turtle uses classic formats with a high build).
    uint8_t flags2Size = packetParsers_ ? packetParsers_->movementFlags2Size() : 2;
    if (flags2Size == 2) info.flags2 = packet.readUInt16();
    else if (flags2Size == 1) info.flags2 = packet.readUInt8();
    info.time = packet.readUInt32();
    info.x = packet.readFloat();
    info.y = packet.readFloat();
    info.z = packet.readFloat();
    info.orientation = packet.readFloat();

    // Read transport data if the on-transport flag is set in wire-format move flags.
    // The flag bit position differs between expansions (0x200 for WotLK/TBC, 0x02000000 for Classic/Turtle).
    const uint32_t wireTransportFlag = packetParsers_ ? packetParsers_->wireOnTransportFlag() : 0x00000200;
    const bool onTransport = (info.flags & wireTransportFlag) != 0;
    uint64_t transportGuid = 0;
    float tLocalX = 0, tLocalY = 0, tLocalZ = 0, tLocalO = 0;
    if (onTransport) {
        transportGuid = UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
        tLocalX = packet.readFloat();
        tLocalY = packet.readFloat();
        tLocalZ = packet.readFloat();
        tLocalO = packet.readFloat();
        // TBC and WotLK include a transport timestamp; Classic does not.
        if (flags2Size >= 1) {
            /*uint32_t transportTime =*/ packet.readUInt32();
        }
        // WotLK adds a transport seat byte.
        if (flags2Size >= 2) {
            /*int8_t transportSeat =*/ packet.readUInt8();
            // Optional second transport time for interpolated movement.
            if (info.flags2 & 0x0200) {
                /*uint32_t transportTime2 =*/ packet.readUInt32();
            }
        }
    }

    // Update entity position in entity manager
    auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(moverGuid);
    if (!entity) {
        return;
    }

    // Convert server coords to canonical
    glm::vec3 canonical = core::coords::serverToCanonical(glm::vec3(info.x, info.y, info.z));
    float canYaw = core::coords::serverToCanonicalYaw(info.orientation);

    // Handle transport attachment: attach/detach the entity so it follows the transport
    // smoothly between movement updates via updateAttachedTransportChildren().
    if (onTransport && transportGuid != 0 && transportManager_) {
        glm::vec3 localCanonical = core::coords::serverToCanonical(glm::vec3(tLocalX, tLocalY, tLocalZ));
        setTransportAttachment(moverGuid, entity->getType(), transportGuid, localCanonical, true,
                               core::coords::serverToCanonicalYaw(tLocalO));
        // Derive world position from transport system for best accuracy.
        glm::vec3 worldPos = transportManager_->getPlayerWorldPosition(transportGuid, localCanonical);
        canonical = worldPos;
    } else if (!onTransport) {
        // Player left transport — clear any stale attachment.
        clearTransportAttachment(moverGuid);
    }
    // Compute a smoothed interpolation window for this player.
    // Using a raw packet delta causes jitter when timing spikes (e.g. 50ms then 300ms).
    // An exponential moving average of intervals gives a stable playback speed that
    // dead-reckoning in Entity::updateMovement() can bridge without a visible freeze.
    uint32_t durationMs = 120;
    auto itPrev = otherPlayerMoveTimeMs_.find(moverGuid);
    if (itPrev != otherPlayerMoveTimeMs_.end()) {
        uint32_t rawDt = info.time - itPrev->second;  // wraps naturally on uint32_t
        if (rawDt >= 20 && rawDt <= 2000) {
            float fDt = static_cast<float>(rawDt);
            // EMA: smooth the interval so single spike packets don't stutter playback.
            auto& smoothed = otherPlayerSmoothedIntervalMs_[moverGuid];
            if (smoothed < 1.0f) smoothed = fDt;  // first observation — seed directly
            smoothed = 0.7f * smoothed + 0.3f * fDt;
            // Clamp to sane WoW movement rates: ~10 Hz (100ms) normal, up to 2Hz (500ms) slow
            float clamped = std::max(60.0f, std::min(500.0f, smoothed));
            durationMs = static_cast<uint32_t>(clamped);
        }
    }
    otherPlayerMoveTimeMs_[moverGuid] = info.time;

    // Classify the opcode so we can drive the correct entity update and animation.
    const uint16_t wireOp = packet.getOpcode();
    const bool isStopOpcode =
        (wireOp == wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP)) ||
        (wireOp == wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_STRAFE)) ||
        (wireOp == wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_TURN)) ||
        (wireOp == wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_SWIM)) ||
        (wireOp == wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_FALL_LAND));
    const bool isJumpOpcode  = (wireOp == wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_JUMP));

    // For stop opcodes snap the entity position (duration=0) so it doesn't keep interpolating,
    // and pass durationMs=0 to the renderer so the Run-anim flash is suppressed.
    // The per-frame sync will detect no movement and play Stand on the next frame.
    const float entityDuration = isStopOpcode ? 0.0f : (durationMs / 1000.0f);
    entity->startMoveTo(canonical.x, canonical.y, canonical.z, canYaw, entityDuration);

    // Notify renderer of position change
    if (creatureMoveCallback_) {
        const uint32_t notifyDuration = isStopOpcode ? 0u : durationMs;
        creatureMoveCallback_(moverGuid, canonical.x, canonical.y, canonical.z, notifyDuration);
    }

    // Signal specific animation transitions that the per-frame sync can't detect reliably.
    // WoW M2 animation ID 38=JumpMid (loops during airborne).
    // Swim/walking state is now authoritative from the movement flags field via unitMoveFlagsCallback_.
    if (unitAnimHintCallback_ && isJumpOpcode) {
        unitAnimHintCallback_(moverGuid, 38u);
    }

    // Fire move-flags callback so application.cpp can update swimming/walking state
    // from the flags field embedded in every movement packet (covers heartbeats and cold joins).
    if (unitMoveFlagsCallback_) {
        unitMoveFlagsCallback_(moverGuid, info.flags);
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleCompressedMoves(network::Packet& packet) {
    // Vanilla-family SMSG_COMPRESSED_MOVES carries concatenated movement sub-packets.
    // Turtle can additionally wrap the batch in the same uint32 decompressedSize + zlib
    // envelope used by other compressed world packets.
    //
    // Within the decompressed stream, some realms encode the leading uint8 size as:
    // - opcode(2) + payload bytes
    // - payload bytes only
    // Try both framing modes and use the one that cleanly consumes the batch.
    std::vector<uint8_t> decompressedStorage;
    const std::vector<uint8_t>* dataPtr = &packet.getData();

    const auto& rawData = packet.getData();
    const bool hasCompressedWrapper =
        rawData.size() >= 6 &&
        rawData[4] == 0x78 &&
        (rawData[5] == 0x01 || rawData[5] == 0x9C ||
         rawData[5] == 0xDA || rawData[5] == 0x5E);
    if (hasCompressedWrapper) {
        uint32_t decompressedSize = static_cast<uint32_t>(rawData[0]) |
                                    (static_cast<uint32_t>(rawData[1]) << 8) |
                                    (static_cast<uint32_t>(rawData[2]) << 16) |
                                    (static_cast<uint32_t>(rawData[3]) << 24);
        if (decompressedSize == 0 || decompressedSize > 65536) {
            LOG_WARNING("SMSG_COMPRESSED_MOVES: bad decompressedSize=", decompressedSize);
            return;
        }

        decompressedStorage.resize(decompressedSize);
        uLongf destLen = decompressedSize;
        int ret = uncompress(decompressedStorage.data(), &destLen,
                             rawData.data() + 4, rawData.size() - 4);
        if (ret != Z_OK) {
            LOG_WARNING("SMSG_COMPRESSED_MOVES: zlib error ", ret);
            return;
        }

        decompressedStorage.resize(destLen);
        dataPtr = &decompressedStorage;
    }

    const auto& data = *dataPtr;
    const size_t dataLen = data.size();

    // Wire opcodes for sub-packet routing
    uint16_t monsterMoveWire          = wireOpcode(Opcode::SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE);
    uint16_t monsterMoveTransportWire = wireOpcode(Opcode::SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE_TRANSPORT);

    // Player movement sub-opcodes (SMSG_MULTIPLE_MOVES carries MSG_MOVE_*)
    // Not static — wireOpcode() depends on runtime active opcode table.
    const std::array<uint16_t, 29> kMoveOpcodes = {
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_FORWARD),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_BACKWARD),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_STRAFE_LEFT),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_STRAFE_RIGHT),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_STRAFE),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_JUMP),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_TURN_LEFT),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_TURN_RIGHT),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_TURN),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_FACING),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_FALL_LAND),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_HEARTBEAT),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_SWIM),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_SWIM),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_WALK_MODE),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_RUN_MODE),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_PITCH_UP),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_PITCH_DOWN),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_PITCH),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_ASCEND),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP_ASCEND),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_START_DESCEND),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_PITCH),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_GRAVITY_CHNG),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_UPDATE_CAN_FLY),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_UPDATE_CAN_TRANSITION_BETWEEN_SWIM_AND_FLY),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_ROOT),
        wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_UNROOT),
    };

    struct CompressedMoveSubPacket {
        uint16_t opcode = 0;
        std::vector<uint8_t> payload;
    };
    struct DecodeResult {
        bool ok = false;
        bool overrun = false;
        bool usedPayloadOnlySize = false;
        size_t endPos = 0;
        size_t recognizedCount = 0;
        size_t subPacketCount = 0;
        std::vector<CompressedMoveSubPacket> packets;
    };

    auto isRecognizedSubOpcode = [&](uint16_t subOpcode) {
        return subOpcode == monsterMoveWire ||
               subOpcode == monsterMoveTransportWire ||
               std::find(kMoveOpcodes.begin(), kMoveOpcodes.end(), subOpcode) != kMoveOpcodes.end();
    };

    auto decodeSubPackets = [&](bool payloadOnlySize) -> DecodeResult {
        DecodeResult result;
        result.usedPayloadOnlySize = payloadOnlySize;
        size_t pos = 0;
        while (pos < dataLen) {
            if (pos + 1 > dataLen) break;
            uint8_t subSize = data[pos];
            if (subSize == 0) {
                result.ok = true;
                result.endPos = pos + 1;
                return result;
            }

            const size_t payloadLen = payloadOnlySize
                ? static_cast<size_t>(subSize)
                : (subSize >= 2 ? static_cast<size_t>(subSize) - 2 : 0);
            if (!payloadOnlySize && subSize < 2) {
                result.endPos = pos;
                return result;
            }

            const size_t packetLen = 1 + 2 + payloadLen;
            if (pos + packetLen > dataLen) {
                result.overrun = true;
                result.endPos = pos;
                return result;
            }

            uint16_t subOpcode = static_cast<uint16_t>(data[pos + 1]) |
                                 (static_cast<uint16_t>(data[pos + 2]) << 8);
            size_t payloadStart = pos + 3;

            CompressedMoveSubPacket subPacket;
            subPacket.opcode = subOpcode;
            subPacket.payload.assign(data.begin() + payloadStart,
                                     data.begin() + payloadStart + payloadLen);
            result.packets.push_back(std::move(subPacket));
            ++result.subPacketCount;
            if (isRecognizedSubOpcode(subOpcode)) {
                ++result.recognizedCount;
            }

            pos += packetLen;
        }
        result.ok = (result.endPos == 0 || result.endPos == dataLen);
        result.endPos = dataLen;
        return result;
    };

    DecodeResult decoded = decodeSubPackets(false);
    if (!decoded.ok || decoded.overrun) {
        DecodeResult payloadOnlyDecoded = decodeSubPackets(true);
        const bool preferPayloadOnly =
            payloadOnlyDecoded.ok &&
            (!decoded.ok || decoded.overrun || payloadOnlyDecoded.recognizedCount > decoded.recognizedCount);
        if (preferPayloadOnly) {
            decoded = std::move(payloadOnlyDecoded);
            static uint32_t payloadOnlyFallbackCount = 0;
            ++payloadOnlyFallbackCount;
            if (payloadOnlyFallbackCount <= 10 || (payloadOnlyFallbackCount % 100) == 0) {
                LOG_WARNING("SMSG_COMPRESSED_MOVES decoded via payload-only size fallback",
                            " (occurrence=", payloadOnlyFallbackCount, ")");
            }
        }
    }

    if (!decoded.ok || decoded.overrun) {
        LOG_WARNING("SMSG_COMPRESSED_MOVES: sub-packet overruns buffer at pos=", decoded.endPos);
        return;
    }

    // Track unhandled sub-opcodes once per compressed packet (avoid log spam)
    std::unordered_set<uint16_t> unhandledSeen;

    for (const auto& entry : decoded.packets) {
        network::Packet subPacket(entry.opcode, entry.payload);

        if (entry.opcode == monsterMoveWire) {
            handleMonsterMove(subPacket);
        } else if (entry.opcode == monsterMoveTransportWire) {
            handleMonsterMoveTransport(subPacket);
        } else if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD &&
                   std::find(kMoveOpcodes.begin(), kMoveOpcodes.end(), entry.opcode) != kMoveOpcodes.end()) {
            // Player/NPC movement update packed in SMSG_MULTIPLE_MOVES
            handleOtherPlayerMovement(subPacket);
        } else {
            if (unhandledSeen.insert(entry.opcode).second) {
                LOG_INFO("SMSG_COMPRESSED_MOVES: unhandled sub-opcode 0x",
                         std::hex, entry.opcode, std::dec, " payloadLen=", entry.payload.size());
            }
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleMonsterMove(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (isActiveExpansion("classic") || isActiveExpansion("turtle")) {
        constexpr uint32_t kMaxMonsterMovesPerTick = 256;
        ++monsterMovePacketsThisTick_;
        if (monsterMovePacketsThisTick_ > kMaxMonsterMovesPerTick) {
            ++monsterMovePacketsDroppedThisTick_;
            if (monsterMovePacketsDroppedThisTick_ <= 3 ||
                (monsterMovePacketsDroppedThisTick_ % 100) == 0) {
                LOG_WARNING("SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE: per-tick cap exceeded, dropping packet",
                            " (processed=", monsterMovePacketsThisTick_,
                            " dropped=", monsterMovePacketsDroppedThisTick_, ")");
            }
            return;
        }
    }

    MonsterMoveData data;
    auto logMonsterMoveParseFailure = [&](const std::string& msg) {
        static uint32_t failCount = 0;
        ++failCount;
        if (failCount <= 10 || (failCount % 100) == 0) {
            LOG_WARNING(msg, " (occurrence=", failCount, ")");
        }
    };
    auto logWrappedUncompressedFallbackUsed = [&]() {
        static uint32_t wrappedUncompressedFallbackCount = 0;
        ++wrappedUncompressedFallbackCount;
        if (wrappedUncompressedFallbackCount <= 10 || (wrappedUncompressedFallbackCount % 100) == 0) {
            LOG_WARNING("SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE parsed via uncompressed wrapped-subpacket fallback",
                        " (occurrence=", wrappedUncompressedFallbackCount, ")");
        }
    };
    auto stripWrappedSubpacket = [&](const std::vector<uint8_t>& bytes, std::vector<uint8_t>& stripped) -> bool {
        if (bytes.size() < 3) return false;
        uint8_t subSize = bytes[0];
        if (subSize < 2) return false;
        size_t wrappedLen = static_cast<size_t>(subSize) + 1; // size byte + body
        if (wrappedLen != bytes.size()) return false;
        size_t payloadLen = static_cast<size_t>(subSize) - 2; // opcode(2) stripped
        if (3 + payloadLen > bytes.size()) return false;
        stripped.assign(bytes.begin() + 3, bytes.begin() + 3 + payloadLen);
        return true;
    };
    // Turtle WoW (1.17+) compresses each SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE individually:
    // format: uint32 decompressedSize + zlib data (zlib magic = 0x78 ??)
    const auto& rawData = packet.getData();
    const bool allowTurtleMoveCompression = isActiveExpansion("turtle");
    bool isCompressed = allowTurtleMoveCompression &&
                        rawData.size() >= 6 &&
                        rawData[4] == 0x78 &&
                        (rawData[5] == 0x01 || rawData[5] == 0x9C ||
                         rawData[5] == 0xDA || rawData[5] == 0x5E);
    if (isCompressed) {
        uint32_t decompSize = static_cast<uint32_t>(rawData[0]) |
                              (static_cast<uint32_t>(rawData[1]) << 8) |
                              (static_cast<uint32_t>(rawData[2]) << 16) |
                              (static_cast<uint32_t>(rawData[3]) << 24);
        if (decompSize == 0 || decompSize > 65536) {
            LOG_WARNING("SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE: bad decompSize=", decompSize);
            return;
        }
        std::vector<uint8_t> decompressed(decompSize);
        uLongf destLen = decompSize;
        int ret = uncompress(decompressed.data(), &destLen,
                             rawData.data() + 4, rawData.size() - 4);
        if (ret != Z_OK) {
            LOG_WARNING("SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE: zlib error ", ret);
            return;
        }
        decompressed.resize(destLen);
        std::vector<uint8_t> stripped;
        bool hasWrappedForm = stripWrappedSubpacket(decompressed, stripped);

        bool parsed = false;
        if (hasWrappedForm) {
            network::Packet wrappedPacket(packet.getOpcode(), stripped);
            if (packetParsers_->parseMonsterMove(wrappedPacket, data)) {
                parsed = true;
            }
        }
        if (!parsed) {
            network::Packet decompPacket(packet.getOpcode(), decompressed);
            if (packetParsers_->parseMonsterMove(decompPacket, data)) {
                parsed = true;
            }
        }

        if (!parsed) {
            if (hasWrappedForm) {
                logMonsterMoveParseFailure("Failed to parse SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE (decompressed " +
                                           std::to_string(destLen) + " bytes, wrapped payload " +
                                           std::to_string(stripped.size()) + " bytes)");
            } else {
                logMonsterMoveParseFailure("Failed to parse SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE (decompressed " +
                                           std::to_string(destLen) + " bytes)");
            }
            return;
        }
    } else if (!packetParsers_->parseMonsterMove(packet, data)) {
        // Some realms occasionally embed an extra [size|opcode] wrapper even when the
        // outer packet wasn't zlib-compressed. Retry with wrapper stripped by structure.
        std::vector<uint8_t> stripped;
        if (stripWrappedSubpacket(rawData, stripped)) {
            network::Packet wrappedPacket(packet.getOpcode(), stripped);
            if (packetParsers_->parseMonsterMove(wrappedPacket, data)) {
                logWrappedUncompressedFallbackUsed();
            } else {
                logMonsterMoveParseFailure("Failed to parse SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE");
                return;
            }
        } else {
            logMonsterMoveParseFailure("Failed to parse SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE");
            return;
        }
    }

    // Update entity position in entity manager
    auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(data.guid);
    if (!entity) {
        return;
    }

    if (data.hasDest) {
        // Convert destination from server to canonical coords
        glm::vec3 destCanonical = core::coords::serverToCanonical(
            glm::vec3(data.destX, data.destY, data.destZ));

        // Calculate facing angle
        float orientation = entity->getOrientation();
        if (data.moveType == 4) {
            // FacingAngle - server specifies exact angle
            orientation = core::coords::serverToCanonicalYaw(data.facingAngle);
        } else if (data.moveType == 3) {
            // FacingTarget - face toward the target entity.
            // Canonical orientation uses atan2(-dy, dx): the West/Y component
            // must be negated because renderYaw = orientation + 90° and
            // model-forward = render +X, so the sign convention flips.
            auto target = entityManager.getEntity(data.facingTarget);
            if (target) {
                float dx = target->getX() - entity->getX();
                float dy = target->getY() - entity->getY();
                if (std::abs(dx) > 0.01f || std::abs(dy) > 0.01f) {
                    orientation = std::atan2(-dy, dx);
                }
            }
        } else {
            // Normal move - face toward destination.
            float dx = destCanonical.x - entity->getX();
            float dy = destCanonical.y - entity->getY();
            if (std::abs(dx) > 0.01f || std::abs(dy) > 0.01f) {
                orientation = std::atan2(-dy, dx);
            }
        }

        // Anti-backward-glide: if the computed orientation is more than 90° away from
        // the actual travel direction, snap to the travel direction.  FacingTarget
        // (moveType 3) is deliberately different from travel dir, so skip it there.
        if (data.moveType != 3) {
            glm::vec3 startCanonical = core::coords::serverToCanonical(
                glm::vec3(data.x, data.y, data.z));
            float travelDx = destCanonical.x - startCanonical.x;
            float travelDy = destCanonical.y - startCanonical.y;
            float travelLen = std::sqrt(travelDx * travelDx + travelDy * travelDy);
            if (travelLen > 0.5f) {
                float travelAngle = std::atan2(-travelDy, travelDx);
                float diff = orientation - travelAngle;
                // Normalise diff to [-π, π]
                while (diff >  static_cast<float>(M_PI)) diff -= 2.0f * static_cast<float>(M_PI);
                while (diff < -static_cast<float>(M_PI)) diff += 2.0f * static_cast<float>(M_PI);
                if (std::abs(diff) > static_cast<float>(M_PI) * 0.5f) {
                    orientation = travelAngle;
                }
            }
        }

        // Interpolate entity position alongside renderer (so targeting matches visual)
        entity->startMoveTo(destCanonical.x, destCanonical.y, destCanonical.z,
                            orientation, data.duration / 1000.0f);

        // Notify renderer to smoothly move the creature
        if (creatureMoveCallback_) {
            creatureMoveCallback_(data.guid,
                destCanonical.x, destCanonical.y, destCanonical.z,
                data.duration);
        }
    } else if (data.moveType == 1) {
        // Stop at current position
        glm::vec3 posCanonical = core::coords::serverToCanonical(
            glm::vec3(data.x, data.y, data.z));
        entity->setPosition(posCanonical.x, posCanonical.y, posCanonical.z,
                            entity->getOrientation());

        if (creatureMoveCallback_) {
            creatureMoveCallback_(data.guid,
                posCanonical.x, posCanonical.y, posCanonical.z, 0);
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleMonsterMoveTransport(network::Packet& packet) {
    // Parse transport-relative creature movement (NPCs on boats/zeppelins)
    // Packet: moverGuid(8) + unk(1) + transportGuid(8) + localX/Y/Z(12) + spline data

    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8 + 1 + 8 + 12) return;
    uint64_t moverGuid = packet.readUInt64();
    /*uint8_t unk =*/ packet.readUInt8();
    uint64_t transportGuid = packet.readUInt64();

    // Transport-local start position (server coords: x=east/west, y=north/south, z=up)
    float localX = packet.readFloat();
    float localY = packet.readFloat();
    float localZ = packet.readFloat();

    auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(moverGuid);
    if (!entity) return;

    // ---- Spline data (same format as SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE, transport-local coords) ----
    if (packet.getReadPos() + 5 > packet.getSize()) {
        // No spline data — snap to start position
        if (transportManager_) {
            glm::vec3 localCanonical = core::coords::serverToCanonical(glm::vec3(localX, localY, localZ));
            setTransportAttachment(moverGuid, entity->getType(), transportGuid, localCanonical, false, 0.0f);
            glm::vec3 worldPos = transportManager_->getPlayerWorldPosition(transportGuid, localCanonical);
            entity->setPosition(worldPos.x, worldPos.y, worldPos.z, entity->getOrientation());
            if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT && creatureMoveCallback_)
                creatureMoveCallback_(moverGuid, worldPos.x, worldPos.y, worldPos.z, 0);
        }
        return;
    }

    /*uint32_t splineId =*/ packet.readUInt32();
    uint8_t moveType = packet.readUInt8();

    if (moveType == 1) {
        // Stop — snap to start position
        if (transportManager_) {
            glm::vec3 localCanonical = core::coords::serverToCanonical(glm::vec3(localX, localY, localZ));
            setTransportAttachment(moverGuid, entity->getType(), transportGuid, localCanonical, false, 0.0f);
            glm::vec3 worldPos = transportManager_->getPlayerWorldPosition(transportGuid, localCanonical);
            entity->setPosition(worldPos.x, worldPos.y, worldPos.z, entity->getOrientation());
            if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT && creatureMoveCallback_)
                creatureMoveCallback_(moverGuid, worldPos.x, worldPos.y, worldPos.z, 0);
        }
        return;
    }

    // Facing data based on moveType
    float facingAngle = entity->getOrientation();
    if (moveType == 2) {       // FacingSpot
        if (packet.getReadPos() + 12 > packet.getSize()) return;
        float sx = packet.readFloat(), sy = packet.readFloat(), sz = packet.readFloat();
        facingAngle = std::atan2(-(sy - localY), sx - localX);
        (void)sz;
    } else if (moveType == 3) { // FacingTarget
        if (packet.getReadPos() + 8 > packet.getSize()) return;
        uint64_t tgtGuid = packet.readUInt64();
        if (auto tgt = entityManager.getEntity(tgtGuid)) {
            float dx = tgt->getX() - entity->getX();
            float dy = tgt->getY() - entity->getY();
            if (std::abs(dx) > 0.01f || std::abs(dy) > 0.01f)
                facingAngle = std::atan2(-dy, dx);
        }
    } else if (moveType == 4) { // FacingAngle
        if (packet.getReadPos() + 4 > packet.getSize()) return;
        facingAngle = core::coords::serverToCanonicalYaw(packet.readFloat());
    }

    if (packet.getReadPos() + 4 > packet.getSize()) return;
    uint32_t splineFlags = packet.readUInt32();

    if (splineFlags & 0x00400000) { // Animation
        if (packet.getReadPos() + 5 > packet.getSize()) return;
        packet.readUInt8(); packet.readUInt32();
    }

    if (packet.getReadPos() + 4 > packet.getSize()) return;
    uint32_t duration = packet.readUInt32();

    if (splineFlags & 0x00000800) { // Parabolic
        if (packet.getReadPos() + 8 > packet.getSize()) return;
        packet.readFloat(); packet.readUInt32();
    }

    if (packet.getReadPos() + 4 > packet.getSize()) return;
    uint32_t pointCount = packet.readUInt32();
    constexpr uint32_t kMaxTransportSplinePoints = 1000;
    if (pointCount > kMaxTransportSplinePoints) {
        LOG_WARNING("SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE_TRANSPORT: pointCount=", pointCount,
                    " clamped to ", kMaxTransportSplinePoints);
        pointCount = kMaxTransportSplinePoints;
    }

    // Read destination point (transport-local server coords)
    float destLocalX = localX, destLocalY = localY, destLocalZ = localZ;
    bool hasDest = false;
    if (pointCount > 0) {
        const bool uncompressed = (splineFlags & (0x00080000 | 0x00002000)) != 0;
        if (uncompressed) {
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pointCount - 1; ++i) {
                if (packet.getReadPos() + 12 > packet.getSize()) break;
                packet.readFloat(); packet.readFloat(); packet.readFloat();
            }
            if (packet.getReadPos() + 12 <= packet.getSize()) {
                destLocalX = packet.readFloat();
                destLocalY = packet.readFloat();
                destLocalZ = packet.readFloat();
                hasDest = true;
            }
        } else {
            if (packet.getReadPos() + 12 <= packet.getSize()) {
                destLocalX = packet.readFloat();
                destLocalY = packet.readFloat();
                destLocalZ = packet.readFloat();
                hasDest = true;
            }
        }
    }

    if (!transportManager_) {
        LOG_WARNING("SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE_TRANSPORT: TransportManager not available for mover 0x",
                    std::hex, moverGuid, std::dec);
        return;
    }

    glm::vec3 startLocalCanonical = core::coords::serverToCanonical(glm::vec3(localX, localY, localZ));

    if (hasDest && duration > 0) {
        glm::vec3 destLocalCanonical = core::coords::serverToCanonical(glm::vec3(destLocalX, destLocalY, destLocalZ));
        glm::vec3 destWorld  = transportManager_->getPlayerWorldPosition(transportGuid, destLocalCanonical);

        // Face toward destination unless an explicit facing was given
        if (moveType == 0) {
            float dx = destLocalCanonical.x - startLocalCanonical.x;
            float dy = destLocalCanonical.y - startLocalCanonical.y;
            if (std::abs(dx) > 0.01f || std::abs(dy) > 0.01f)
                facingAngle = std::atan2(-dy, dx);
        }

        setTransportAttachment(moverGuid, entity->getType(), transportGuid, destLocalCanonical, false, 0.0f);
        entity->startMoveTo(destWorld.x, destWorld.y, destWorld.z, facingAngle, duration / 1000.0f);

        if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT && creatureMoveCallback_)
            creatureMoveCallback_(moverGuid, destWorld.x, destWorld.y, destWorld.z, duration);

        LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE_TRANSPORT: mover=0x", std::hex, moverGuid,
                  " transport=0x", transportGuid, std::dec,
                  " dur=", duration, "ms dest=(", destWorld.x, ",", destWorld.y, ",", destWorld.z, ")");
    } else {
        glm::vec3 startWorld = transportManager_->getPlayerWorldPosition(transportGuid, startLocalCanonical);
        setTransportAttachment(moverGuid, entity->getType(), transportGuid, startLocalCanonical, false, 0.0f);
        entity->setPosition(startWorld.x, startWorld.y, startWorld.z, facingAngle);
        if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT && creatureMoveCallback_)
            creatureMoveCallback_(moverGuid, startWorld.x, startWorld.y, startWorld.z, 0);
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleAttackerStateUpdate(network::Packet& packet) {
    AttackerStateUpdateData data;
    if (!packetParsers_->parseAttackerStateUpdate(packet, data)) return;

    bool isPlayerAttacker = (data.attackerGuid == playerGuid);
    bool isPlayerTarget = (data.targetGuid == playerGuid);
    if (!isPlayerAttacker && !isPlayerTarget) return;  // Not our combat

    if (isPlayerAttacker) {
        lastMeleeSwingMs_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(
            std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
                std::chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
        if (meleeSwingCallback_) meleeSwingCallback_();
    }
    if (!isPlayerAttacker && npcSwingCallback_) {
        npcSwingCallback_(data.attackerGuid);
    }

    if (isPlayerTarget && data.attackerGuid != 0) {
        hostileAttackers_.insert(data.attackerGuid);
        autoTargetAttacker(data.attackerGuid);
    }

    // Play combat sounds via CombatSoundManager + character vocalizations
    if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
        if (auto* csm = renderer->getCombatSoundManager()) {
            auto weaponSize = audio::CombatSoundManager::WeaponSize::MEDIUM;
            if (data.isMiss()) {
                csm->playWeaponMiss(false);
            } else if (data.victimState == 1 || data.victimState == 2) {
                // Dodge/parry — swing whoosh but no impact
                csm->playWeaponSwing(weaponSize, false);
            } else {
                // Hit — swing + flesh impact
                csm->playWeaponSwing(weaponSize, data.isCrit());
                csm->playImpact(weaponSize, audio::CombatSoundManager::ImpactType::FLESH, data.isCrit());
            }
        }
        // Character vocalizations
        if (auto* asm_ = renderer->getActivitySoundManager()) {
            if (isPlayerAttacker && !data.isMiss() && data.victimState != 1 && data.victimState != 2) {
                asm_->playAttackGrunt();
            }
            if (isPlayerTarget && !data.isMiss() && data.victimState != 1 && data.victimState != 2) {
                asm_->playWound(data.isCrit());
            }
        }
    }

    if (data.isMiss()) {
        addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::MISS, 0, 0, isPlayerAttacker, 0, data.attackerGuid, data.targetGuid);
    } else if (data.victimState == 1) {
        addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::DODGE, 0, 0, isPlayerAttacker, 0, data.attackerGuid, data.targetGuid);
    } else if (data.victimState == 2) {
        addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::PARRY, 0, 0, isPlayerAttacker, 0, data.attackerGuid, data.targetGuid);
    } else if (data.victimState == 4) {
        // VICTIMSTATE_BLOCKS: show reduced damage and the blocked amount
        if (data.totalDamage > 0)
            addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::MELEE_DAMAGE, data.totalDamage, 0, isPlayerAttacker, 0, data.attackerGuid, data.targetGuid);
        addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::BLOCK, static_cast<int32_t>(data.blocked), 0, isPlayerAttacker, 0, data.attackerGuid, data.targetGuid);
    } else if (data.victimState == 5) {
        // VICTIMSTATE_EVADE: NPC evaded (out of combat zone).
        addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::EVADE, 0, 0, isPlayerAttacker, 0, data.attackerGuid, data.targetGuid);
    } else if (data.victimState == 6) {
        // VICTIMSTATE_IS_IMMUNE: Target is immune to this attack.
        addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::IMMUNE, 0, 0, isPlayerAttacker, 0, data.attackerGuid, data.targetGuid);
    } else if (data.victimState == 7) {
        // VICTIMSTATE_DEFLECT: Attack was deflected (e.g. shield slam reflect).
        addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::DEFLECT, 0, 0, isPlayerAttacker, 0, data.attackerGuid, data.targetGuid);
    } else {
        CombatTextEntry::Type type;
        if (data.isCrit())
            type = CombatTextEntry::CRIT_DAMAGE;
        else if (data.isCrushing())
            type = CombatTextEntry::CRUSHING;
        else if (data.isGlancing())
            type = CombatTextEntry::GLANCING;
        else
            type = CombatTextEntry::MELEE_DAMAGE;
        addCombatText(type, data.totalDamage, 0, isPlayerAttacker, 0, data.attackerGuid, data.targetGuid);
        // Show partial absorb/resist from sub-damage entries
        uint32_t totalAbsorbed = 0, totalResisted = 0;
        for (const auto& sub : data.subDamages) {
            totalAbsorbed += sub.absorbed;
            totalResisted += sub.resisted;
        }
        if (totalAbsorbed > 0)
            addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::ABSORB, static_cast<int32_t>(totalAbsorbed), 0, isPlayerAttacker, 0, data.attackerGuid, data.targetGuid);
        if (totalResisted > 0)
            addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::RESIST, static_cast<int32_t>(totalResisted), 0, isPlayerAttacker, 0, data.attackerGuid, data.targetGuid);
    }

    (void)isPlayerTarget;
}

void GameHandler::handleSpellDamageLog(network::Packet& packet) {
    SpellDamageLogData data;
    if (!packetParsers_->parseSpellDamageLog(packet, data)) return;

    bool isPlayerSource = (data.attackerGuid == playerGuid);
    bool isPlayerTarget = (data.targetGuid == playerGuid);
    if (!isPlayerSource && !isPlayerTarget) return;  // Not our combat

    if (isPlayerTarget && data.attackerGuid != 0) {
        hostileAttackers_.insert(data.attackerGuid);
        autoTargetAttacker(data.attackerGuid);
    }

    auto type = data.isCrit ? CombatTextEntry::CRIT_DAMAGE : CombatTextEntry::SPELL_DAMAGE;
    if (data.damage > 0)
        addCombatText(type, static_cast<int32_t>(data.damage), data.spellId, isPlayerSource, 0, data.attackerGuid, data.targetGuid);
    if (data.absorbed > 0)
        addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::ABSORB, static_cast<int32_t>(data.absorbed), data.spellId, isPlayerSource, 0, data.attackerGuid, data.targetGuid);
    if (data.resisted > 0)
        addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::RESIST, static_cast<int32_t>(data.resisted), data.spellId, isPlayerSource, 0, data.attackerGuid, data.targetGuid);
}

void GameHandler::handleSpellHealLog(network::Packet& packet) {
    SpellHealLogData data;
    if (!packetParsers_->parseSpellHealLog(packet, data)) return;

    bool isPlayerSource = (data.casterGuid == playerGuid);
    bool isPlayerTarget = (data.targetGuid == playerGuid);
    if (!isPlayerSource && !isPlayerTarget) return;  // Not our combat

    auto type = data.isCrit ? CombatTextEntry::CRIT_HEAL : CombatTextEntry::HEAL;
    addCombatText(type, static_cast<int32_t>(data.heal), data.spellId, isPlayerSource, 0, data.casterGuid, data.targetGuid);
    if (data.absorbed > 0)
        addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::ABSORB, static_cast<int32_t>(data.absorbed), data.spellId, isPlayerSource, 0, data.casterGuid, data.targetGuid);
}

// ============================================================
// Phase 3: Spells
// ============================================================

void GameHandler::castSpell(uint32_t spellId, uint64_t targetGuid) {
    // Attack (6603) routes to auto-attack instead of cast
    if (spellId == 6603) {
        uint64_t target = targetGuid != 0 ? targetGuid : this->targetGuid;
        if (target != 0) {
            if (autoAttacking) {
                stopAutoAttack();
            } else {
                startAutoAttack(target);
            }
        }
        return;
    }

    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;

    // Casting any spell while mounted → dismount instead
    if (isMounted()) {
        dismount();
        return;
    }

    if (casting) return; // Already casting

    // Hearthstone: cast spell directly (server checks item in inventory)
    // Using CMSG_CAST_SPELL is more reliable than CMSG_USE_ITEM which
    // depends on slot indices matching between client and server.
    uint64_t target = targetGuid != 0 ? targetGuid : this->targetGuid;
    // Self-targeted spells like hearthstone should not send a target
    if (spellId == 8690) target = 0;

    // Warrior Charge (ranks 1-3): client-side range check + charge callback
    // Must face target and validate range BEFORE sending packet to server
    if (spellId == 100 || spellId == 6178 || spellId == 11578) {
        if (target == 0) {
            addSystemChatMessage("You have no target.");
            return;
        }
        auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(target);
        if (!entity) {
            addSystemChatMessage("You have no target.");
            return;
        }
        float tx = entity->getX(), ty = entity->getY(), tz = entity->getZ();
        float dx = tx - movementInfo.x;
        float dy = ty - movementInfo.y;
        float dz = tz - movementInfo.z;
        float dist = std::sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz);
        if (dist < 8.0f) {
            addSystemChatMessage("Target is too close.");
            return;
        }
        if (dist > 25.0f) {
            addSystemChatMessage("Out of range.");
            return;
        }
        // Face the target before sending the cast packet to avoid "not in front" rejection
        float yaw = std::atan2(dy, dx);
        movementInfo.orientation = yaw;
        sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_FACING);
        if (chargeCallback_) {
            chargeCallback_(target, tx, ty, tz);
        }
    }

    // Instant melee abilities: client-side range + facing check to avoid server "not in front" errors
    // Detected via physical school mask (1) from DBC cache — covers warrior, rogue, DK, paladin,
    // feral druid, and hunter melee abilities generically.
    {
        loadSpellNameCache();
        bool isMeleeAbility = false;
        auto cacheIt = spellNameCache_.find(spellId);
        if (cacheIt != spellNameCache_.end() && cacheIt->second.schoolMask == 1) {
            // Physical school and no cast time (instant) — treat as melee ability
            isMeleeAbility = true;
        }
        if (isMeleeAbility && target != 0) {
            auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(target);
            if (entity) {
                float dx = entity->getX() - movementInfo.x;
                float dy = entity->getY() - movementInfo.y;
                float dz = entity->getZ() - movementInfo.z;
                float dist = std::sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz);
                if (dist > 8.0f) {
                    addSystemChatMessage("Out of range.");
                    return;
                }
                // Face the target to prevent "not in front" rejection
                float yaw = std::atan2(dy, dx);
                movementInfo.orientation = yaw;
                sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_FACING);
            }
        }
    }

    auto packet = packetParsers_
        ? packetParsers_->buildCastSpell(spellId, target, ++castCount)
        : CastSpellPacket::build(spellId, target, ++castCount);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Casting spell: ", spellId, " on 0x", std::hex, target, std::dec);

    // Optimistically start GCD immediately on cast, but do not restart it while
    // already active (prevents timeout animation reset on repeated key presses).
    if (!isGCDActive()) {
        gcdTotal_ = 1.5f;
        gcdStartedAt_ = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    }
}

void GameHandler::cancelCast() {
    if (!casting) return;
    // GameObject interaction cast is client-side timing only.
    if (pendingGameObjectInteractGuid_ == 0 &&
        state == WorldState::IN_WORLD && socket &&
        currentCastSpellId != 0) {
        auto packet = CancelCastPacket::build(currentCastSpellId);
        socket->send(packet);
    }
    pendingGameObjectInteractGuid_ = 0;
    lastInteractedGoGuid_ = 0;
    casting = false;
    castIsChannel = false;
    currentCastSpellId = 0;
    castTimeRemaining = 0.0f;
    // Cancel craft queue when player manually cancels cast
    craftQueueSpellId_ = 0;
    craftQueueRemaining_ = 0;
}

void GameHandler::startCraftQueue(uint32_t spellId, int count) {
    craftQueueSpellId_ = spellId;
    craftQueueRemaining_ = count;
    // Cast the first one immediately
    castSpell(spellId, 0);
}

void GameHandler::cancelCraftQueue() {
    craftQueueSpellId_ = 0;
    craftQueueRemaining_ = 0;
}

void GameHandler::cancelAura(uint32_t spellId) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = CancelAuraPacket::build(spellId);
    socket->send(packet);
}

uint32_t GameHandler::getTempEnchantRemainingMs(uint32_t slot) const {
    uint64_t nowMs = static_cast<uint64_t>(
        std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
            std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
    for (const auto& t : tempEnchantTimers_) {
        if (t.slot == slot) {
            return (t.expireMs > nowMs)
                ? static_cast<uint32_t>(t.expireMs - nowMs) : 0u;
        }
    }
    return 0u;
}

void GameHandler::handlePetSpells(network::Packet& packet) {
    const size_t remaining = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
    if (remaining < 8) {
        // Empty or undersized → pet cleared (dismissed / died)
        petGuid_ = 0;
        petSpellList_.clear();
        petAutocastSpells_.clear();
        memset(petActionSlots_, 0, sizeof(petActionSlots_));
        LOG_INFO("SMSG_PET_SPELLS: pet cleared");
        return;
    }

    petGuid_ = packet.readUInt64();
    if (petGuid_ == 0) {
        petSpellList_.clear();
        petAutocastSpells_.clear();
        memset(petActionSlots_, 0, sizeof(petActionSlots_));
        LOG_INFO("SMSG_PET_SPELLS: pet cleared (guid=0)");
        return;
    }

    // uint16 duration (ms, 0 = permanent), uint16 timer (ms)
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) goto done;
    /*uint16_t dur =*/ packet.readUInt16();
    /*uint16_t timer =*/ packet.readUInt16();

    // uint8 reactState, uint8 commandState (packed order varies; WotLK: react first)
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 2) goto done;
    petReact_   = packet.readUInt8();  // 0=passive, 1=defensive, 2=aggressive
    petCommand_ = packet.readUInt8();  // 0=stay, 1=follow, 2=attack, 3=dismiss

    // 10 × uint32 action bar slots
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < PET_ACTION_BAR_SLOTS * 4u) goto done;
    for (int i = 0; i < PET_ACTION_BAR_SLOTS; ++i) {
        petActionSlots_[i] = packet.readUInt32();
    }

    // uint8 spell count, then per-spell: uint32 spellId, uint16 active flags
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) goto done;
    {
        uint8_t spellCount = packet.readUInt8();
        petSpellList_.clear();
        petAutocastSpells_.clear();
        for (uint8_t i = 0; i < spellCount; ++i) {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 6) break;
            uint32_t spellId = packet.readUInt32();
            uint16_t activeFlags = packet.readUInt16();
            petSpellList_.push_back(spellId);
            // activeFlags bit 0 = autocast on
            if (activeFlags & 0x0001) {
                petAutocastSpells_.insert(spellId);
            }
        }
    }

done:
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_PET_SPELLS: petGuid=0x", std::hex, petGuid_, std::dec,
             " react=", (int)petReact_, " command=", (int)petCommand_,
             " spells=", petSpellList_.size());
}

void GameHandler::sendPetAction(uint32_t action, uint64_t targetGuid) {
    if (!hasPet() || state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto pkt = PetActionPacket::build(petGuid_, action, targetGuid);
    socket->send(pkt);
    LOG_DEBUG("sendPetAction: petGuid=0x", std::hex, petGuid_,
              " action=0x", action, " target=0x", targetGuid, std::dec);
}

void GameHandler::dismissPet() {
    if (petGuid_ == 0 || state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = PetActionPacket::build(petGuid_, 0x07000000);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::renamePet(const std::string& newName) {
    if (petGuid_ == 0 || state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    if (newName.empty() || newName.size() > 12) return;  // Server enforces max 12 chars
    auto packet = PetRenamePacket::build(petGuid_, newName, 0);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_PET_RENAME: petGuid=0x", std::hex, petGuid_, std::dec, " name='", newName, "'");
}

void GameHandler::requestStabledPetList() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket || stableMasterGuid_ == 0) return;
    auto pkt = ListStabledPetsPacket::build(stableMasterGuid_);
    socket->send(pkt);
    LOG_INFO("Sent MSG_LIST_STABLED_PETS to npc=0x", std::hex, stableMasterGuid_, std::dec);
}

void GameHandler::stablePet(uint8_t slot) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket || stableMasterGuid_ == 0) return;
    if (petGuid_ == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You do not have an active pet to stable.");
        return;
    }
    auto pkt = StablePetPacket::build(stableMasterGuid_, slot);
    socket->send(pkt);
    LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_STABLE_PET: slot=", static_cast<int>(slot));
}

void GameHandler::unstablePet(uint32_t petNumber) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket || stableMasterGuid_ == 0 || petNumber == 0) return;
    auto pkt = UnstablePetPacket::build(stableMasterGuid_, petNumber);
    socket->send(pkt);
    LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_UNSTABLE_PET: petNumber=", petNumber);
}

void GameHandler::handleListStabledPets(network::Packet& packet) {
    // SMSG MSG_LIST_STABLED_PETS:
    //   uint64 stableMasterGuid
    //   uint8  petCount
    //   uint8  numSlots
    //   per pet:
    //     uint32 petNumber
    //     uint32 entry
    //     uint32 level
    //     string name (null-terminated)
    //     uint32 displayId
    //     uint8  isActive  (1 = active/summoned, 0 = stabled)
    constexpr size_t kMinHeader = 8 + 1 + 1;
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < kMinHeader) {
        LOG_WARNING("MSG_LIST_STABLED_PETS: packet too short (", packet.getSize(), ")");
        return;
    }
    stableMasterGuid_ = packet.readUInt64();
    uint8_t petCount  = packet.readUInt8();
    stableNumSlots_   = packet.readUInt8();

    stabledPets_.clear();
    stabledPets_.reserve(petCount);

    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < petCount; ++i) {
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4 + 4 + 4) break;
        StabledPet pet;
        pet.petNumber = packet.readUInt32();
        pet.entry     = packet.readUInt32();
        pet.level     = packet.readUInt32();
        pet.name      = packet.readString();
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4 + 1) break;
        pet.displayId = packet.readUInt32();
        pet.isActive  = (packet.readUInt8() != 0);
        stabledPets_.push_back(std::move(pet));
    }

    stableWindowOpen_ = true;
    LOG_INFO("MSG_LIST_STABLED_PETS: stableMasterGuid=0x", std::hex, stableMasterGuid_, std::dec,
             " petCount=", (int)petCount, " numSlots=", (int)stableNumSlots_);
    for (const auto& p : stabledPets_) {
        LOG_DEBUG("  Pet: number=", p.petNumber, " entry=", p.entry,
                  " level=", p.level, " name='", p.name, "' displayId=", p.displayId,
                  " active=", p.isActive);
    }
}

void GameHandler::setActionBarSlot(int slot, ActionBarSlot::Type type, uint32_t id) {
    if (slot < 0 || slot >= ACTION_BAR_SLOTS) return;
    actionBar[slot].type = type;
    actionBar[slot].id = id;
    // Pre-query item information so action bar displays item name instead of "Item" placeholder
    if (type == ActionBarSlot::ITEM && id != 0) {
        queryItemInfo(id, 0);
    }
    saveCharacterConfig();
    // Notify the server so the action bar persists across relogs.
    if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD && socket) {
        const bool classic = isClassicLikeExpansion();
        auto pkt = SetActionButtonPacket::build(
            static_cast<uint8_t>(slot),
            static_cast<uint8_t>(type),
            id,
            classic);
        socket->send(pkt);
    }
}

float GameHandler::getSpellCooldown(uint32_t spellId) const {
    auto it = spellCooldowns.find(spellId);
    return (it != spellCooldowns.end()) ? it->second : 0.0f;
}

void GameHandler::handleInitialSpells(network::Packet& packet) {
    InitialSpellsData data;
    if (!packetParsers_->parseInitialSpells(packet, data)) return;

    knownSpells = {data.spellIds.begin(), data.spellIds.end()};

    LOG_DEBUG("Initial spells include: 527=", knownSpells.count(527u),
              " 988=", knownSpells.count(988u), " 1180=", knownSpells.count(1180u));

    // Ensure Attack (6603) and Hearthstone (8690) are always present
    knownSpells.insert(6603u);
    knownSpells.insert(8690u);

    // Set initial cooldowns
    for (const auto& cd : data.cooldowns) {
        if (cd.cooldownMs > 0) {
            spellCooldowns[cd.spellId] = cd.cooldownMs / 1000.0f;
        }
    }

    // Load saved action bar or use defaults (Attack slot 1, Hearthstone slot 12)
    actionBar[0].type = ActionBarSlot::SPELL;
    actionBar[0].id = 6603;  // Attack
    actionBar[11].type = ActionBarSlot::SPELL;
    actionBar[11].id = 8690;  // Hearthstone
    loadCharacterConfig();

    // Sync login-time cooldowns into action bar slot overlays.  Without this, spells
    // that are still on cooldown when the player logs in show no cooldown timer on the
    // action bar even though spellCooldowns has the right remaining time.
    for (auto& slot : actionBar) {
        if (slot.type == ActionBarSlot::SPELL && slot.id != 0) {
            auto it = spellCooldowns.find(slot.id);
            if (it != spellCooldowns.end() && it->second > 0.0f) {
                slot.cooldownTotal     = it->second;
                slot.cooldownRemaining = it->second;
            }
        }
    }

    // Pre-load skill line DBCs so isProfessionSpell() works immediately
    // (not just after opening a trainer window)
    loadSkillLineDbc();
    loadSkillLineAbilityDbc();

    LOG_INFO("Learned ", knownSpells.size(), " spells");
}

void GameHandler::handleCastFailed(network::Packet& packet) {
    CastFailedData data;
    bool ok = packetParsers_ ? packetParsers_->parseCastFailed(packet, data)
                             : CastFailedParser::parse(packet, data);
    if (!ok) return;

    casting = false;
    castIsChannel = false;
    currentCastSpellId = 0;
    castTimeRemaining = 0.0f;
    lastInteractedGoGuid_ = 0;

    // Stop precast sound — spell failed before completing
    if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
        if (auto* ssm = renderer->getSpellSoundManager()) {
            ssm->stopPrecast();
        }
    }

    // Show failure reason in the UIError overlay and in chat
    int powerType = -1;
    auto playerEntity = entityManager.getEntity(playerGuid);
    if (auto playerUnit = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Unit>(playerEntity)) {
        powerType = playerUnit->getPowerType();
    }
    const char* reason = getSpellCastResultString(data.result, powerType);
    std::string errMsg = reason ? reason
                                : ("Spell cast failed (error " + std::to_string(data.result) + ")");
    addUIError(errMsg);
    MessageChatData msg;
    msg.type = ChatType::SYSTEM;
    msg.language = ChatLanguage::UNIVERSAL;
    msg.message = errMsg;
    addLocalChatMessage(msg);
}

static audio::SpellSoundManager::MagicSchool schoolMaskToMagicSchool(uint32_t mask) {
    if (mask & 0x04) return audio::SpellSoundManager::MagicSchool::FIRE;
    if (mask & 0x10) return audio::SpellSoundManager::MagicSchool::FROST;
    if (mask & 0x02) return audio::SpellSoundManager::MagicSchool::HOLY;
    if (mask & 0x08) return audio::SpellSoundManager::MagicSchool::NATURE;
    if (mask & 0x20) return audio::SpellSoundManager::MagicSchool::SHADOW;
    if (mask & 0x40) return audio::SpellSoundManager::MagicSchool::ARCANE;
    return audio::SpellSoundManager::MagicSchool::ARCANE;
}

void GameHandler::handleSpellStart(network::Packet& packet) {
    SpellStartData data;
    if (!packetParsers_->parseSpellStart(packet, data)) return;

    // Track cast bar for any non-player caster (target frame + boss frames)
    if (data.casterUnit != playerGuid && data.castTime > 0) {
        auto& s = unitCastStates_[data.casterUnit];
        s.casting        = true;
        s.spellId        = data.spellId;
        s.timeTotal      = data.castTime / 1000.0f;
        s.timeRemaining  = s.timeTotal;
        s.interruptible  = isSpellInterruptible(data.spellId);
        // Trigger cast animation on the casting unit
        if (spellCastAnimCallback_) {
            spellCastAnimCallback_(data.casterUnit, true, false);
        }
    }

    // If this is the player's own cast, start cast bar
    if (data.casterUnit == playerGuid && data.castTime > 0) {
        // CMSG_GAMEOBJ_USE was accepted — cancel pending USE retries so we don't
        // re-send GAMEOBJ_USE mid-gather-cast and get SPELL_FAILED_BAD_TARGETS.
        // Keep entries that only have sendLoot (no-cast chests that still need looting).
        pendingGameObjectLootRetries_.erase(
            std::remove_if(pendingGameObjectLootRetries_.begin(), pendingGameObjectLootRetries_.end(),
                [](const PendingLootRetry&) { return true; /* cancel all retries once a gather cast starts */ }),
            pendingGameObjectLootRetries_.end());

        casting = true;
        castIsChannel = false;
        currentCastSpellId = data.spellId;
        castTimeTotal = data.castTime / 1000.0f;
        castTimeRemaining = castTimeTotal;

        // Play precast (channeling) sound with correct magic school
        // Skip sound for profession/tradeskill spells (crafting should be silent)
        if (!isProfessionSpell(data.spellId)) {
            if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
                if (auto* ssm = renderer->getSpellSoundManager()) {
                    loadSpellNameCache();
                    auto it = spellNameCache_.find(data.spellId);
                    auto school = (it != spellNameCache_.end() && it->second.schoolMask)
                        ? schoolMaskToMagicSchool(it->second.schoolMask)
                        : audio::SpellSoundManager::MagicSchool::ARCANE;
                    ssm->playPrecast(school, audio::SpellSoundManager::SpellPower::MEDIUM);
                }
            }
        }

        // Trigger cast animation on player character
        if (spellCastAnimCallback_) {
            spellCastAnimCallback_(playerGuid, true, false);
        }

        // Hearthstone cast: begin pre-loading terrain at bind point during cast time
        // so tiles are ready when the teleport fires (avoids falling through un-loaded terrain).
        // Spell IDs: 6948 = Vanilla Hearthstone (rank 1), 8690 = TBC/WotLK Hearthstone
        const bool isHearthstone = (data.spellId == 6948 || data.spellId == 8690);
        if (isHearthstone && hasHomeBind_ && hearthstonePreloadCallback_) {
            hearthstonePreloadCallback_(homeBindMapId_, homeBindPos_.x, homeBindPos_.y, homeBindPos_.z);
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleSpellGo(network::Packet& packet) {
    SpellGoData data;
    if (!packetParsers_->parseSpellGo(packet, data)) return;

    // Cast completed
    if (data.casterUnit == playerGuid) {
        // Play cast-complete sound with correct magic school
        // Skip sound for profession/tradeskill spells (crafting should be silent)
        if (!isProfessionSpell(data.spellId)) {
            if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
                if (auto* ssm = renderer->getSpellSoundManager()) {
                    loadSpellNameCache();
                    auto it = spellNameCache_.find(data.spellId);
                    auto school = (it != spellNameCache_.end() && it->second.schoolMask)
                        ? schoolMaskToMagicSchool(it->second.schoolMask)
                        : audio::SpellSoundManager::MagicSchool::ARCANE;
                    ssm->playCast(school);
                }
            }
        }

        // Instant melee abilities → trigger attack animation
        // Detect via physical school mask (1 = Physical) from the spell DBC cache.
        // This covers warrior, rogue, DK, paladin, feral druid, and hunter melee
        // abilities generically instead of maintaining a brittle per-spell-ID list.
        uint32_t sid = data.spellId;
        bool isMeleeAbility = false;
        {
            loadSpellNameCache();
            auto cacheIt = spellNameCache_.find(sid);
            if (cacheIt != spellNameCache_.end() && cacheIt->second.schoolMask == 1) {
                // Physical school — treat as instant melee ability if cast time is zero.
                // We don't store cast time in the cache; use the fact that if we were not
                // in a cast (casting == true with this spellId) then it was instant.
                isMeleeAbility = (currentCastSpellId != sid);
            }
        }
        if (isMeleeAbility) {
            if (meleeSwingCallback_) meleeSwingCallback_();
            // Play weapon swing + impact sound for instant melee abilities (Sinister Strike, etc.)
            if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
                if (auto* csm = renderer->getCombatSoundManager()) {
                    csm->playWeaponSwing(audio::CombatSoundManager::WeaponSize::MEDIUM, false);
                    csm->playImpact(audio::CombatSoundManager::WeaponSize::MEDIUM,
                                    audio::CombatSoundManager::ImpactType::FLESH, false);
                }
            }
        }

        // Capture cast state before clearing.  Guard with spellId match so that
        // proc/triggered spells (which fire SMSG_SPELL_GO while a gather cast is
        // still active and casting == true) do NOT trigger premature CMSG_LOOT.
        // Only the spell that originally started the cast bar (currentCastSpellId)
        // should count as "gather cast completed".
        const bool wasInTimedCast = casting && (data.spellId == currentCastSpellId);

        casting = false;
        castIsChannel = false;
        currentCastSpellId = 0;
        castTimeRemaining = 0.0f;

        // If we were gathering a node (mining/herbalism), send CMSG_LOOT now that
        // the gather cast completed and the server has made the node lootable.
        // Guard with wasInTimedCast to avoid firing on instant casts / procs.
        if (wasInTimedCast && lastInteractedGoGuid_ != 0) {
            lootTarget(lastInteractedGoGuid_);
            lastInteractedGoGuid_ = 0;
        }

        // End cast animation on player character
        if (spellCastAnimCallback_) {
            spellCastAnimCallback_(playerGuid, false, false);
        }
    } else {
        if (spellCastAnimCallback_) {
            // End cast animation on other unit
            spellCastAnimCallback_(data.casterUnit, false, false);
        }
        // Play cast-complete sound for enemy spells targeting the player
        bool targetsPlayer = false;
        for (const auto& tgt : data.hitTargets) {
            if (tgt == playerGuid) { targetsPlayer = true; break; }
        }
        if (targetsPlayer) {
            if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
                if (auto* ssm = renderer->getSpellSoundManager()) {
                    loadSpellNameCache();
                    auto it = spellNameCache_.find(data.spellId);
                    auto school = (it != spellNameCache_.end() && it->second.schoolMask)
                        ? schoolMaskToMagicSchool(it->second.schoolMask)
                        : audio::SpellSoundManager::MagicSchool::ARCANE;
                    ssm->playCast(school);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Clear unit cast bar when the spell lands (for any tracked unit)
    unitCastStates_.erase(data.casterUnit);

    // Preserve spellId and actual participants for spell-go miss results.
    // This keeps the persistent combat log aligned with the later GUID fixes.
    if (!data.missTargets.empty()) {
        const uint64_t spellCasterGuid = data.casterUnit != 0 ? data.casterUnit : data.casterGuid;
        const bool playerIsCaster = (spellCasterGuid == playerGuid);

        for (const auto& m : data.missTargets) {
            if (!playerIsCaster && m.targetGuid != playerGuid) {
                continue;
            }
            CombatTextEntry::Type ct = combatTextTypeFromSpellMissInfo(m.missType);
            addCombatText(ct, 0, data.spellId, playerIsCaster, 0, spellCasterGuid, m.targetGuid);
        }
    }

    // Play impact sound for spell hits involving the player
    // - When player is hit by an enemy spell
    // - When player's spell hits an enemy target
    bool playerIsHit = false;
    bool playerHitEnemy = false;
    for (const auto& tgt : data.hitTargets) {
        if (tgt == playerGuid) { playerIsHit = true; }
        if (data.casterUnit == playerGuid && tgt != playerGuid && tgt != 0) { playerHitEnemy = true; }
    }
    if (playerIsHit || playerHitEnemy) {
        if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
            if (auto* ssm = renderer->getSpellSoundManager()) {
                loadSpellNameCache();
                auto it = spellNameCache_.find(data.spellId);
                auto school = (it != spellNameCache_.end() && it->second.schoolMask)
                    ? schoolMaskToMagicSchool(it->second.schoolMask)
                    : audio::SpellSoundManager::MagicSchool::ARCANE;
                ssm->playImpact(school, audio::SpellSoundManager::SpellPower::MEDIUM);
            }
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleSpellCooldown(network::Packet& packet) {
    // Classic 1.12: guid(8) + N×[spellId(4) + itemId(4) + cooldown(4)]  — no flags byte, 12 bytes/entry
    // TBC 2.4.3 / WotLK 3.3.5a: guid(8) + flags(1) + N×[spellId(4) + cooldown(4)]  — 8 bytes/entry
    const bool isClassicFormat = isClassicLikeExpansion();

    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) return;
    /*data.guid =*/ packet.readUInt64();  // guid (not used further)

    if (!isClassicFormat) {
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) return;
        /*data.flags =*/ packet.readUInt8();  // flags (consumed but not stored)
    }

    const size_t entrySize = isClassicFormat ? 12u : 8u;
    while (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= entrySize) {
        uint32_t spellId    = packet.readUInt32();
        uint32_t cdItemId   = 0;
        if (isClassicFormat) cdItemId = packet.readUInt32();  // itemId in Classic format
        uint32_t cooldownMs = packet.readUInt32();

        float seconds = cooldownMs / 1000.0f;

        // spellId=0 is the Global Cooldown marker (server sends it for GCD triggers)
        if (spellId == 0 && cooldownMs > 0 && cooldownMs <= 2000) {
            gcdTotal_ = seconds;
            gcdStartedAt_ = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
            continue;
        }

        auto it = spellCooldowns.find(spellId);
        if (it == spellCooldowns.end()) {
            spellCooldowns[spellId] = seconds;
        } else {
            it->second = mergeCooldownSeconds(it->second, seconds);
        }
        for (auto& slot : actionBar) {
            bool match = (slot.type == ActionBarSlot::SPELL && slot.id == spellId)
                      || (cdItemId != 0 && slot.type == ActionBarSlot::ITEM && slot.id == cdItemId);
            if (match) {
                float prevRemaining = slot.cooldownRemaining;
                float merged = mergeCooldownSeconds(slot.cooldownRemaining, seconds);
                slot.cooldownRemaining = merged;
                if (slot.cooldownTotal <= 0.0f || prevRemaining <= 0.0f) {
                    slot.cooldownTotal = seconds;
                } else {
                    slot.cooldownTotal = std::max(slot.cooldownTotal, merged);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    LOG_DEBUG("handleSpellCooldown: parsed for ",
              isClassicFormat ? "Classic" : "TBC/WotLK", " format");
}

void GameHandler::handleCooldownEvent(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) return;
    uint32_t spellId = packet.readUInt32();
    // WotLK appends the target unit guid (8 bytes) — skip it
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8)
        packet.readUInt64();
    // Cooldown finished
    spellCooldowns.erase(spellId);
    for (auto& slot : actionBar) {
        if (slot.type == ActionBarSlot::SPELL && slot.id == spellId) {
            slot.cooldownRemaining = 0.0f;
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleAuraUpdate(network::Packet& packet, bool isAll) {
    AuraUpdateData data;
    if (!packetParsers_->parseAuraUpdate(packet, data, isAll)) return;

    // Determine which aura list to update
    std::vector<AuraSlot>* auraList = nullptr;
    if (data.guid == playerGuid) {
        auraList = &playerAuras;
    } else if (data.guid == targetGuid) {
        auraList = &targetAuras;
    }
    // Also maintain a per-unit cache for any unit (party members, etc.)
    if (data.guid != 0 && data.guid != playerGuid && data.guid != targetGuid) {
        auraList = &unitAurasCache_[data.guid];
    }

    if (auraList) {
        if (isAll) {
            auraList->clear();
        }
        uint64_t nowMs = static_cast<uint64_t>(
            std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
                std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
        for (auto [slot, aura] : data.updates) {
            // Stamp client timestamp so the UI can count down duration locally
            if (aura.durationMs >= 0) {
                aura.receivedAtMs = nowMs;
            }
            // Ensure vector is large enough
            while (auraList->size() <= slot) {
                auraList->push_back(AuraSlot{});
            }
            (*auraList)[slot] = aura;
        }

        // If player is mounted but we haven't identified the mount aura yet,
        // check newly added auras (aura update may arrive after mountDisplayId)
        if (data.guid == playerGuid && currentMountDisplayId_ != 0 && mountAuraSpellId_ == 0) {
            for (const auto& [slot, aura] : data.updates) {
                if (!aura.isEmpty() && aura.maxDurationMs < 0 && aura.casterGuid == playerGuid) {
                    mountAuraSpellId_ = aura.spellId;
                    LOG_INFO("Mount aura detected from aura update: spellId=", aura.spellId);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleLearnedSpell(network::Packet& packet) {
    // Classic 1.12: uint16 spellId; TBC 2.4.3 / WotLK 3.3.5a: uint32 spellId
    const bool classicSpellId = isClassicLikeExpansion();
    const size_t minSz = classicSpellId ? 2u : 4u;
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < minSz) return;
    uint32_t spellId = classicSpellId ? packet.readUInt16() : packet.readUInt32();

    // Track whether we already knew this spell before inserting.
    // SMSG_TRAINER_BUY_SUCCEEDED pre-inserts the spell and shows its own "You have
    // learned X" message, so when the accompanying SMSG_LEARNED_SPELL arrives we
    // must not duplicate it.
    const bool alreadyKnown = knownSpells.count(spellId) > 0;
    knownSpells.insert(spellId);
    LOG_INFO("Learned spell: ", spellId, alreadyKnown ? " (already known, skipping chat)" : "");

    // Check if this spell corresponds to a talent rank
    for (const auto& [talentId, talent] : talentCache_) {
        for (int rank = 0; rank < 5; ++rank) {
            if (talent.rankSpells[rank] == spellId) {
                // Found the talent! Update the rank for the active spec
                uint8_t newRank = rank + 1; // rank is 0-indexed in array, but stored as 1-indexed
                learnedTalents_[activeTalentSpec_][talentId] = newRank;
                LOG_INFO("Talent learned: id=", talentId, " rank=", (int)newRank,
                         " (spell ", spellId, ") in spec ", (int)activeTalentSpec_);
                return;
            }
        }
    }

    // Show chat message for non-talent spells, but only if not already announced by
    // SMSG_TRAINER_BUY_SUCCEEDED (which pre-inserts into knownSpells).
    if (!alreadyKnown) {
        const std::string& name = getSpellName(spellId);
        if (!name.empty()) {
            addSystemChatMessage("You have learned a new spell: " + name + ".");
        } else {
            addSystemChatMessage("You have learned a new spell.");
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleRemovedSpell(network::Packet& packet) {
    // Classic 1.12: uint16 spellId; TBC 2.4.3 / WotLK 3.3.5a: uint32 spellId
    const bool classicSpellId = isClassicLikeExpansion();
    const size_t minSz = classicSpellId ? 2u : 4u;
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < minSz) return;
    uint32_t spellId = classicSpellId ? packet.readUInt16() : packet.readUInt32();
    knownSpells.erase(spellId);
    LOG_INFO("Removed spell: ", spellId);

    const std::string& name = getSpellName(spellId);
    if (!name.empty())
        addSystemChatMessage("You have unlearned: " + name + ".");
    else
        addSystemChatMessage("A spell has been removed.");

    // Clear any action bar slots referencing this spell
    bool barChanged = false;
    for (auto& slot : actionBar) {
        if (slot.type == ActionBarSlot::SPELL && slot.id == spellId) {
            slot = ActionBarSlot{};
            barChanged = true;
        }
    }
    if (barChanged) saveCharacterConfig();
}

void GameHandler::handleSupercededSpell(network::Packet& packet) {
    // Old spell replaced by new rank (e.g., Fireball Rank 1 -> Fireball Rank 2)
    // Classic 1.12: uint16 oldSpellId + uint16 newSpellId (4 bytes total)
    // TBC 2.4.3 / WotLK 3.3.5a: uint32 oldSpellId + uint32 newSpellId (8 bytes total)
    const bool classicSpellId = isClassicLikeExpansion();
    const size_t minSz = classicSpellId ? 4u : 8u;
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < minSz) return;
    uint32_t oldSpellId = classicSpellId ? packet.readUInt16() : packet.readUInt32();
    uint32_t newSpellId = classicSpellId ? packet.readUInt16() : packet.readUInt32();

    // Remove old spell
    knownSpells.erase(oldSpellId);

    // Track whether the new spell was already announced via SMSG_TRAINER_BUY_SUCCEEDED.
    // If it was pre-inserted there, that handler already showed "You have learned X" so
    // we should skip the "Upgraded to X" message to avoid a duplicate.
    const bool newSpellAlreadyAnnounced = knownSpells.count(newSpellId) > 0;

    // Add new spell
    knownSpells.insert(newSpellId);

    LOG_INFO("Spell superceded: ", oldSpellId, " -> ", newSpellId);

    // Update all action bar slots that reference the old spell rank to the new rank.
    // This matches the WoW client behaviour: the action bar automatically upgrades
    // to the new rank when you train it.
    bool barChanged = false;
    for (auto& slot : actionBar) {
        if (slot.type == ActionBarSlot::SPELL && slot.id == oldSpellId) {
            slot.id = newSpellId;
            slot.cooldownRemaining = 0.0f;
            slot.cooldownTotal = 0.0f;
            barChanged = true;
            LOG_DEBUG("Action bar slot upgraded: spell ", oldSpellId, " -> ", newSpellId);
        }
    }
    if (barChanged) saveCharacterConfig();

    // Show "Upgraded to X" only when the new spell wasn't already announced by the
    // trainer-buy handler.  For non-trainer supersedes (e.g. quest rewards), the new
    // spell won't be pre-inserted so we still show the message.
    if (!newSpellAlreadyAnnounced) {
        const std::string& newName = getSpellName(newSpellId);
        if (!newName.empty()) {
            addSystemChatMessage("Upgraded to " + newName);
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleUnlearnSpells(network::Packet& packet) {
    // Sent when unlearning multiple spells (e.g., spec change, respec)
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) return;
    uint32_t spellCount = packet.readUInt32();
    LOG_INFO("Unlearning ", spellCount, " spells");

    bool barChanged = false;
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < spellCount && packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4; ++i) {
        uint32_t spellId = packet.readUInt32();
        knownSpells.erase(spellId);
        LOG_INFO("  Unlearned spell: ", spellId);
        for (auto& slot : actionBar) {
            if (slot.type == ActionBarSlot::SPELL && slot.id == spellId) {
                slot = ActionBarSlot{};
                barChanged = true;
            }
        }
    }
    if (barChanged) saveCharacterConfig();

    if (spellCount > 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("Unlearned " + std::to_string(spellCount) + " spells");
    }
}

// ============================================================
// Talents
// ============================================================

void GameHandler::handleTalentsInfo(network::Packet& packet) {
    // SMSG_TALENTS_INFO (WotLK 3.3.5a) correct wire format:
    // uint8  talentType  (0 = own talents, 1 = inspect result — own talent packets always 0)
    // uint32 unspentTalents
    // uint8  talentGroupCount
    // uint8  activeTalentGroup
    // Per group: uint8 talentCount, [uint32 talentId + uint8 rank] × count,
    //            uint8 glyphCount, [uint16 glyphId] × count

    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) return;
    uint8_t talentType = packet.readUInt8();
    if (talentType != 0) {
        // type 1 = inspect result; handled by handleInspectResults — ignore here
        return;
    }
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 6) {
        LOG_WARNING("handleTalentsInfo: packet too short for header");
        return;
    }

    uint32_t unspentTalents    = packet.readUInt32();
    uint8_t  talentGroupCount  = packet.readUInt8();
    uint8_t  activeTalentGroup = packet.readUInt8();
    if (activeTalentGroup > 1) activeTalentGroup = 0;

    // Ensure talent DBCs are loaded
    loadTalentDbc();

    activeTalentSpec_ = activeTalentGroup;

    for (uint8_t g = 0; g < talentGroupCount && g < 2; ++g) {
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) break;
        uint8_t talentCount = packet.readUInt8();
        learnedTalents_[g].clear();
        for (uint8_t t = 0; t < talentCount; ++t) {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 5) break;
            uint32_t talentId = packet.readUInt32();
            uint8_t  rank     = packet.readUInt8();
            learnedTalents_[g][talentId] = rank + 1u; // wire sends 0-indexed; store 1-indexed
        }
        learnedGlyphs_[g].fill(0);
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) break;
        uint8_t glyphCount = packet.readUInt8();
        for (uint8_t gl = 0; gl < glyphCount; ++gl) {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 2) break;
            uint16_t glyphId = packet.readUInt16();
            if (gl < MAX_GLYPH_SLOTS) learnedGlyphs_[g][gl] = glyphId;
        }
    }

    unspentTalentPoints_[activeTalentGroup] =
        static_cast<uint8_t>(unspentTalents > 255 ? 255 : unspentTalents);

    LOG_INFO("handleTalentsInfo: unspent=", unspentTalents,
             " groups=", (int)talentGroupCount, " active=", (int)activeTalentGroup,
             " learned=", learnedTalents_[activeTalentGroup].size());

    if (!talentsInitialized_) {
        talentsInitialized_ = true;
        if (unspentTalents > 0) {
            addSystemChatMessage("You have " + std::to_string(unspentTalents)
                + " unspent talent point" + (unspentTalents != 1 ? "s" : "") + ".");
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::learnTalent(uint32_t talentId, uint32_t requestedRank) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("learnTalent: Not in world or no socket connection");
        return;
    }

    LOG_INFO("Requesting to learn talent: id=", talentId, " rank=", requestedRank);

    auto packet = LearnTalentPacket::build(talentId, requestedRank);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::switchTalentSpec(uint8_t newSpec) {
    if (newSpec > 1) {
        LOG_WARNING("Invalid talent spec: ", (int)newSpec);
        return;
    }

    if (newSpec == activeTalentSpec_) {
        LOG_INFO("Already on spec ", (int)newSpec);
        return;
    }

    // Send CMSG_SET_ACTIVE_TALENT_GROUP_OBSOLETE (0x4C3) to the server.
    // The server will validate the swap, apply the new spec's spells/auras,
    // and respond with SMSG_TALENTS_INFO for the newly active group.
    // We optimistically update the local state so the UI reflects the change
    // immediately; the server response will correct us if needed.
    if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD && socket) {
        auto pkt = ActivateTalentGroupPacket::build(static_cast<uint32_t>(newSpec));
        socket->send(pkt);
        LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_SET_ACTIVE_TALENT_GROUP_OBSOLETE: group=", (int)newSpec);
    }
    activeTalentSpec_ = newSpec;

    LOG_INFO("Switched to talent spec ", (int)newSpec,
             " (unspent=", (int)unspentTalentPoints_[newSpec],
             ", learned=", learnedTalents_[newSpec].size(), ")");

    std::string msg = "Switched to spec " + std::to_string(newSpec + 1);
    if (unspentTalentPoints_[newSpec] > 0) {
        msg += " (" + std::to_string(unspentTalentPoints_[newSpec]) + " unspent point";
        if (unspentTalentPoints_[newSpec] > 1) msg += "s";
        msg += ")";
    }
    addSystemChatMessage(msg);
}

void GameHandler::confirmPetUnlearn() {
    if (!petUnlearnPending_) return;
    petUnlearnPending_ = false;
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;

    // Respond with CMSG_PET_UNLEARN_TALENTS (no payload in 3.3.5a)
    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_PET_UNLEARN_TALENTS));
    socket->send(pkt);
    LOG_INFO("confirmPetUnlearn: sent CMSG_PET_UNLEARN_TALENTS");
    addSystemChatMessage("Pet talent reset confirmed.");
    petUnlearnGuid_ = 0;
    petUnlearnCost_ = 0;
}

void GameHandler::confirmTalentWipe() {
    if (!talentWipePending_) return;
    talentWipePending_ = false;

    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;

    // Respond to MSG_TALENT_WIPE_CONFIRM with the trainer GUID to trigger the reset.
    // Packet: opcode(2) + uint64 npcGuid = 10 bytes.
    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_TALENT_WIPE_CONFIRM));
    pkt.writeUInt64(talentWipeNpcGuid_);
    socket->send(pkt);

    LOG_INFO("confirmTalentWipe: sent confirm for npc=0x", std::hex, talentWipeNpcGuid_, std::dec);
    addSystemChatMessage("Talent reset confirmed. The server will update your talents.");
    talentWipeNpcGuid_ = 0;
    talentWipeCost_ = 0;
}

// ============================================================
// Phase 4: Group/Party
// ============================================================

void GameHandler::inviteToGroup(const std::string& playerName) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = GroupInvitePacket::build(playerName);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Inviting ", playerName, " to group");
}

void GameHandler::acceptGroupInvite() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    pendingGroupInvite = false;
    auto packet = GroupAcceptPacket::build();
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Accepted group invite");
}

void GameHandler::declineGroupInvite() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    pendingGroupInvite = false;
    auto packet = GroupDeclinePacket::build();
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Declined group invite");
}

void GameHandler::leaveGroup() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = GroupDisbandPacket::build();
    socket->send(packet);
    partyData = GroupListData{};
    LOG_INFO("Left group");
}

void GameHandler::handleGroupInvite(network::Packet& packet) {
    GroupInviteResponseData data;
    if (!GroupInviteResponseParser::parse(packet, data)) return;

    pendingGroupInvite = true;
    pendingInviterName = data.inviterName;
    LOG_INFO("Group invite from: ", data.inviterName);
    if (!data.inviterName.empty()) {
        addSystemChatMessage(data.inviterName + " has invited you to a group.");
    }
    if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
        if (auto* sfx = renderer->getUiSoundManager())
            sfx->playTargetSelect();
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleGroupDecline(network::Packet& packet) {
    GroupDeclineData data;
    if (!GroupDeclineResponseParser::parse(packet, data)) return;

    MessageChatData msg;
    msg.type = ChatType::SYSTEM;
    msg.language = ChatLanguage::UNIVERSAL;
    msg.message = data.playerName + " has declined your group invitation.";
    addLocalChatMessage(msg);
}

void GameHandler::handleGroupList(network::Packet& packet) {
    // WotLK 3.3.5a added a roles byte (group level + per-member) for the dungeon finder.
    // Classic 1.12 and TBC 2.4.3 do not send the roles byte.
    const bool hasRoles = isActiveExpansion("wotlk");
    // Snapshot state before reset so we can detect transitions.
    const uint32_t prevCount = partyData.memberCount;
    const bool wasInGroup = !partyData.isEmpty();
    // Reset before parsing — SMSG_GROUP_LIST is a full replacement, not a delta.
    // Without this, repeated GROUP_LIST packets push duplicate members.
    partyData = GroupListData{};
    if (!GroupListParser::parse(packet, partyData, hasRoles)) return;

    const bool nowInGroup = !partyData.isEmpty();
    if (!nowInGroup && wasInGroup) {
        LOG_INFO("No longer in a group");
        addSystemChatMessage("You are no longer in a group.");
    } else if (nowInGroup && !wasInGroup) {
        LOG_INFO("Joined group with ", partyData.memberCount, " members");
        addSystemChatMessage("You are now in a group.");
    } else if (nowInGroup && partyData.memberCount != prevCount) {
        LOG_INFO("Group updated: ", partyData.memberCount, " members");
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleGroupUninvite(network::Packet& packet) {
    (void)packet;
    partyData = GroupListData{};
    LOG_INFO("Removed from group");

    MessageChatData msg;
    msg.type = ChatType::SYSTEM;
    msg.language = ChatLanguage::UNIVERSAL;
    msg.message = "You have been removed from the group.";
    addUIError("You have been removed from the group.");
    addLocalChatMessage(msg);
}

void GameHandler::handlePartyCommandResult(network::Packet& packet) {
    PartyCommandResultData data;
    if (!PartyCommandResultParser::parse(packet, data)) return;

    if (data.result != PartyResult::OK) {
        const char* errText = nullptr;
        switch (data.result) {
            case PartyResult::BAD_PLAYER_NAME:       errText = "No player named \"%s\" is currently online."; break;
            case PartyResult::TARGET_NOT_IN_GROUP:   errText = "%s is not in your group."; break;
            case PartyResult::TARGET_NOT_IN_INSTANCE:errText = "%s is not in your instance."; break;
            case PartyResult::GROUP_FULL:            errText = "Your party is full."; break;
            case PartyResult::ALREADY_IN_GROUP:      errText = "%s is already in a group."; break;
            case PartyResult::NOT_IN_GROUP:          errText = "You are not in a group."; break;
            case PartyResult::NOT_LEADER:            errText = "You are not the group leader."; break;
            case PartyResult::PLAYER_WRONG_FACTION:  errText = "%s is the wrong faction for this group."; break;
            case PartyResult::IGNORING_YOU:          errText = "%s is ignoring you."; break;
            case PartyResult::LFG_PENDING:           errText = "You cannot do that while in a LFG queue."; break;
            case PartyResult::INVITE_RESTRICTED:     errText = "Target is not accepting group invites."; break;
            default:                                 errText = "Party command failed."; break;
        }

        char buf[256];
        if (!data.name.empty() && errText && std::strstr(errText, "%s")) {
            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), errText, data.name.c_str());
        } else if (errText) {
            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s", errText);
        } else {
            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Party command failed (error %u).",
                          static_cast<uint32_t>(data.result));
        }

        addUIError(buf);
        MessageChatData msg;
        msg.type = ChatType::SYSTEM;
        msg.language = ChatLanguage::UNIVERSAL;
        msg.message = buf;
        addLocalChatMessage(msg);
    }
}

void GameHandler::handlePartyMemberStats(network::Packet& packet, bool isFull) {
    auto remaining = [&]() { return packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos(); };

    // Classic/TBC use uint16 for health fields and simpler aura format;
    // WotLK uses uint32 health and uint32+uint8 per aura.
    const bool isWotLK = isActiveExpansion("wotlk");

    // SMSG_PARTY_MEMBER_STATS_FULL has a leading padding byte
    if (isFull) {
        if (remaining() < 1) return;
        packet.readUInt8();
    }

    // WotLK and Classic/Vanilla use packed GUID; TBC uses full uint64
    // (Classic uses ObjectGuid::WriteAsPacked() = packed format, same as WotLK)
    const bool pmsTbc = isActiveExpansion("tbc");
    if (remaining() < (pmsTbc ? 8u : 1u)) return;
    uint64_t memberGuid = pmsTbc
        ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
    if (remaining() < 4) return;
    uint32_t updateFlags = packet.readUInt32();

    // Find matching group member
    game::GroupMember* member = nullptr;
    for (auto& m : partyData.members) {
        if (m.guid == memberGuid) {
            member = &m;
            break;
        }
    }
    if (!member) {
        packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
        return;
    }

    // Parse each flag field in order
    if (updateFlags & 0x0001) { // STATUS
        if (remaining() >= 2)
            member->onlineStatus = packet.readUInt16();
    }
    if (updateFlags & 0x0002) { // CUR_HP
        if (isWotLK) {
            if (remaining() >= 4)
                member->curHealth = packet.readUInt32();
        } else {
            if (remaining() >= 2)
                member->curHealth = packet.readUInt16();
        }
    }
    if (updateFlags & 0x0004) { // MAX_HP
        if (isWotLK) {
            if (remaining() >= 4)
                member->maxHealth = packet.readUInt32();
        } else {
            if (remaining() >= 2)
                member->maxHealth = packet.readUInt16();
        }
    }
    if (updateFlags & 0x0008) { // POWER_TYPE
        if (remaining() >= 1)
            member->powerType = packet.readUInt8();
    }
    if (updateFlags & 0x0010) { // CUR_POWER
        if (remaining() >= 2)
            member->curPower = packet.readUInt16();
    }
    if (updateFlags & 0x0020) { // MAX_POWER
        if (remaining() >= 2)
            member->maxPower = packet.readUInt16();
    }
    if (updateFlags & 0x0040) { // LEVEL
        if (remaining() >= 2)
            member->level = packet.readUInt16();
    }
    if (updateFlags & 0x0080) { // ZONE
        if (remaining() >= 2)
            member->zoneId = packet.readUInt16();
    }
    if (updateFlags & 0x0100) { // POSITION
        if (remaining() >= 4) {
            member->posX = static_cast<int16_t>(packet.readUInt16());
            member->posY = static_cast<int16_t>(packet.readUInt16());
        }
    }
    if (updateFlags & 0x0200) { // AURAS
        if (remaining() >= 8) {
            uint64_t auraMask = packet.readUInt64();
            // Collect aura updates for this member and store in unitAurasCache_
            // so party frame debuff dots can use them.
            std::vector<AuraSlot> newAuras;
            for (int i = 0; i < 64; ++i) {
                if (auraMask & (uint64_t(1) << i)) {
                    AuraSlot a;
                    a.level = static_cast<uint8_t>(i);  // use slot index
                    if (isWotLK) {
                        // WotLK: uint32 spellId + uint8 auraFlags
                        if (remaining() < 5) break;
                        a.spellId = packet.readUInt32();
                        a.flags   = packet.readUInt8();
                    } else {
                        // Classic/TBC: uint16 spellId only; negative auras not indicated here
                        if (remaining() < 2) break;
                        a.spellId = packet.readUInt16();
                        // Infer negative/positive from dispel type: non-zero dispel → debuff
                        uint8_t dt = getSpellDispelType(a.spellId);
                        if (dt > 0) a.flags = 0x80; // mark as debuff
                    }
                    if (a.spellId != 0) newAuras.push_back(a);
                }
            }
            // Populate unitAurasCache_ for this member (merge: keep existing per-GUID data
            // only if we already have a richer source; otherwise replace with stats data)
            if (memberGuid != 0 && memberGuid != playerGuid && memberGuid != targetGuid) {
                unitAurasCache_[memberGuid] = std::move(newAuras);
            }
        }
    }
    if (updateFlags & 0x0400) { // PET_GUID
        if (remaining() >= 8)
            packet.readUInt64();
    }
    if (updateFlags & 0x0800) { // PET_NAME
        if (remaining() > 0)
            packet.readString();
    }
    if (updateFlags & 0x1000) { // PET_MODEL_ID
        if (remaining() >= 2)
            packet.readUInt16();
    }
    if (updateFlags & 0x2000) { // PET_CUR_HP
        if (isWotLK) {
            if (remaining() >= 4)
                packet.readUInt32();
        } else {
            if (remaining() >= 2)
                packet.readUInt16();
        }
    }
    if (updateFlags & 0x4000) { // PET_MAX_HP
        if (isWotLK) {
            if (remaining() >= 4)
                packet.readUInt32();
        } else {
            if (remaining() >= 2)
                packet.readUInt16();
        }
    }
    if (updateFlags & 0x8000) { // PET_POWER_TYPE
        if (remaining() >= 1)
            packet.readUInt8();
    }
    if (updateFlags & 0x10000) { // PET_CUR_POWER
        if (remaining() >= 2)
            packet.readUInt16();
    }
    if (updateFlags & 0x20000) { // PET_MAX_POWER
        if (remaining() >= 2)
            packet.readUInt16();
    }
    if (updateFlags & 0x40000) { // PET_AURAS
        if (remaining() >= 8) {
            uint64_t petAuraMask = packet.readUInt64();
            for (int i = 0; i < 64; ++i) {
                if (petAuraMask & (uint64_t(1) << i)) {
                    if (isWotLK) {
                        if (remaining() < 5) break;
                        packet.readUInt32();
                        packet.readUInt8();
                    } else {
                        if (remaining() < 2) break;
                        packet.readUInt16();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (isWotLK && (updateFlags & 0x80000)) { // VEHICLE_SEAT (WotLK only)
        if (remaining() >= 4)
            packet.readUInt32();
    }

    member->hasPartyStats = true;
    LOG_DEBUG("Party member stats for ", member->name,
              ": HP=", member->curHealth, "/", member->maxHealth,
              " Level=", member->level);
}

// ============================================================
// Guild Handlers
// ============================================================

void GameHandler::kickGuildMember(const std::string& playerName) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = GuildRemovePacket::build(playerName);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Kicking guild member: ", playerName);
}

void GameHandler::disbandGuild() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = GuildDisbandPacket::build();
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Disbanding guild");
}

void GameHandler::setGuildLeader(const std::string& name) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = GuildLeaderPacket::build(name);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Setting guild leader: ", name);
}

void GameHandler::setGuildPublicNote(const std::string& name, const std::string& note) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = GuildSetPublicNotePacket::build(name, note);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Setting public note for ", name, ": ", note);
}

void GameHandler::setGuildOfficerNote(const std::string& name, const std::string& note) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = GuildSetOfficerNotePacket::build(name, note);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Setting officer note for ", name, ": ", note);
}

void GameHandler::acceptGuildInvite() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    pendingGuildInvite_ = false;
    auto packet = GuildAcceptPacket::build();
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Accepted guild invite");
}

void GameHandler::declineGuildInvite() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    pendingGuildInvite_ = false;
    auto packet = GuildDeclineInvitationPacket::build();
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Declined guild invite");
}

void GameHandler::submitGmTicket(const std::string& text) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;

    // CMSG_GMTICKET_CREATE (WotLK 3.3.5a):
    // string   ticket_text
    // float[3] position (server coords)
    // float    facing
    // uint32   mapId
    // uint8    need_response (1 = yes)
    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_GMTICKET_CREATE));
    pkt.writeString(text);
    pkt.writeFloat(movementInfo.x);
    pkt.writeFloat(movementInfo.y);
    pkt.writeFloat(movementInfo.z);
    pkt.writeFloat(movementInfo.orientation);
    pkt.writeUInt32(currentMapId_);
    pkt.writeUInt8(1);  // need_response = yes
    socket->send(pkt);
    LOG_INFO("Submitted GM ticket: '", text, "'");
}

void GameHandler::deleteGmTicket() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_GMTICKET_DELETETICKET));
    socket->send(pkt);
    gmTicketActive_ = false;
    gmTicketText_.clear();
    LOG_INFO("Deleting GM ticket");
}

void GameHandler::requestGmTicket() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    // CMSG_GMTICKET_GETTICKET has no payload — server responds with SMSG_GMTICKET_GETTICKET
    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_GMTICKET_GETTICKET));
    socket->send(pkt);
    LOG_DEBUG("Sent CMSG_GMTICKET_GETTICKET — querying open ticket status");
}

void GameHandler::queryGuildInfo(uint32_t guildId) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = GuildQueryPacket::build(guildId);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Querying guild info: guildId=", guildId);
}

void GameHandler::createGuild(const std::string& guildName) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = GuildCreatePacket::build(guildName);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Creating guild: ", guildName);
}

void GameHandler::addGuildRank(const std::string& rankName) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = GuildAddRankPacket::build(rankName);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Adding guild rank: ", rankName);
    // Refresh roster to update rank list
    requestGuildRoster();
}

void GameHandler::deleteGuildRank() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = GuildDelRankPacket::build();
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Deleting last guild rank");
    // Refresh roster to update rank list
    requestGuildRoster();
}

void GameHandler::requestPetitionShowlist(uint64_t npcGuid) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = PetitionShowlistPacket::build(npcGuid);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::buyPetition(uint64_t npcGuid, const std::string& guildName) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = PetitionBuyPacket::build(npcGuid, guildName);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("Buying guild petition: ", guildName);
}

void GameHandler::handlePetitionShowlist(network::Packet& packet) {
    PetitionShowlistData data;
    if (!PetitionShowlistParser::parse(packet, data)) return;

    petitionNpcGuid_ = data.npcGuid;
    petitionCost_ = data.cost;
    showPetitionDialog_ = true;
    LOG_INFO("Petition showlist: cost=", data.cost);
}

void GameHandler::handleTurnInPetitionResults(network::Packet& packet) {
    uint32_t result = 0;
    if (!TurnInPetitionResultsParser::parse(packet, result)) return;

    switch (result) {
        case 0: addSystemChatMessage("Guild created successfully!"); break;
        case 1: addSystemChatMessage("Guild creation failed: already in a guild."); break;
        case 2: addSystemChatMessage("Guild creation failed: not enough signatures."); break;
        case 3: addSystemChatMessage("Guild creation failed: name already taken."); break;
        default: addSystemChatMessage("Guild creation failed (error " + std::to_string(result) + ")."); break;
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleGuildInfo(network::Packet& packet) {
    GuildInfoData data;
    if (!GuildInfoParser::parse(packet, data)) return;

    guildInfoData_ = data;
    addSystemChatMessage("Guild: " + data.guildName + " (" +
                         std::to_string(data.numMembers) + " members, " +
                         std::to_string(data.numAccounts) + " accounts)");
}

void GameHandler::handleGuildRoster(network::Packet& packet) {
    GuildRosterData data;
    if (!packetParsers_->parseGuildRoster(packet, data)) return;

    guildRoster_ = std::move(data);
    hasGuildRoster_ = true;
    LOG_INFO("Guild roster received: ", guildRoster_.members.size(), " members");
}

void GameHandler::handleGuildQueryResponse(network::Packet& packet) {
    GuildQueryResponseData data;
    if (!packetParsers_->parseGuildQueryResponse(packet, data)) return;

    const bool wasUnknown = guildName_.empty();
    guildName_ = data.guildName;
    guildQueryData_ = data;
    guildRankNames_.clear();
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
        guildRankNames_.push_back(data.rankNames[i]);
    }
    LOG_INFO("Guild name set to: ", guildName_);
    // Only announce once — when we first learn our own guild name at login.
    // Subsequent queries (e.g. querying other players' guilds) are silent.
    if (wasUnknown && !guildName_.empty())
        addSystemChatMessage("Guild: <" + guildName_ + ">");
}

void GameHandler::handleGuildEvent(network::Packet& packet) {
    GuildEventData data;
    if (!GuildEventParser::parse(packet, data)) return;

    std::string msg;
    switch (data.eventType) {
        case GuildEvent::PROMOTION:
            if (data.numStrings >= 3)
                msg = data.strings[0] + " has promoted " + data.strings[1] + " to " + data.strings[2] + ".";
            break;
        case GuildEvent::DEMOTION:
            if (data.numStrings >= 3)
                msg = data.strings[0] + " has demoted " + data.strings[1] + " to " + data.strings[2] + ".";
            break;
        case GuildEvent::MOTD:
            if (data.numStrings >= 1)
                msg = "Guild MOTD: " + data.strings[0];
            break;
        case GuildEvent::JOINED:
            if (data.numStrings >= 1)
                msg = data.strings[0] + " has joined the guild.";
            break;
        case GuildEvent::LEFT:
            if (data.numStrings >= 1)
                msg = data.strings[0] + " has left the guild.";
            break;
        case GuildEvent::REMOVED:
            if (data.numStrings >= 2)
                msg = data.strings[1] + " has been kicked from the guild by " + data.strings[0] + ".";
            break;
        case GuildEvent::LEADER_IS:
            if (data.numStrings >= 1)
                msg = data.strings[0] + " is the guild leader.";
            break;
        case GuildEvent::LEADER_CHANGED:
            if (data.numStrings >= 2)
                msg = data.strings[0] + " has made " + data.strings[1] + " the new guild leader.";
            break;
        case GuildEvent::DISBANDED:
            msg = "Guild has been disbanded.";
            guildName_.clear();
            guildRankNames_.clear();
            guildRoster_ = GuildRosterData{};
            hasGuildRoster_ = false;
            break;
        case GuildEvent::SIGNED_ON:
            if (data.numStrings >= 1)
                msg = "[Guild] " + data.strings[0] + " has come online.";
            break;
        case GuildEvent::SIGNED_OFF:
            if (data.numStrings >= 1)
                msg = "[Guild] " + data.strings[0] + " has gone offline.";
            break;
        default:
            msg = "Guild event " + std::to_string(data.eventType);
            break;
    }

    if (!msg.empty()) {
        MessageChatData chatMsg;
        chatMsg.type = ChatType::GUILD;
        chatMsg.language = ChatLanguage::UNIVERSAL;
        chatMsg.message = msg;
        addLocalChatMessage(chatMsg);
    }

    // Auto-refresh roster after membership/rank changes
    switch (data.eventType) {
        case GuildEvent::PROMOTION:
        case GuildEvent::DEMOTION:
        case GuildEvent::JOINED:
        case GuildEvent::LEFT:
        case GuildEvent::REMOVED:
        case GuildEvent::LEADER_CHANGED:
            if (hasGuildRoster_) requestGuildRoster();
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleGuildInvite(network::Packet& packet) {
    GuildInviteResponseData data;
    if (!GuildInviteResponseParser::parse(packet, data)) return;

    pendingGuildInvite_ = true;
    pendingGuildInviterName_ = data.inviterName;
    pendingGuildInviteGuildName_ = data.guildName;
    LOG_INFO("Guild invite from: ", data.inviterName, " to guild: ", data.guildName);
    addSystemChatMessage(data.inviterName + " has invited you to join " + data.guildName + ".");
}

void GameHandler::handleGuildCommandResult(network::Packet& packet) {
    GuildCommandResultData data;
    if (!GuildCommandResultParser::parse(packet, data)) return;

    // command: 0=CREATE, 1=INVITE, 2=QUIT, 3=FOUNDER
    if (data.errorCode == 0) {
        switch (data.command) {
            case 0: // CREATE
                addSystemChatMessage("Guild created.");
                break;
            case 1: // INVITE — invited another player
                if (!data.name.empty())
                    addSystemChatMessage("You have invited " + data.name + " to the guild.");
                break;
            case 2: // QUIT — player successfully left
                addSystemChatMessage("You have left the guild.");
                guildName_.clear();
                guildRankNames_.clear();
                guildRoster_ = GuildRosterData{};
                hasGuildRoster_ = false;
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        return;
    }

    // Error codes from AzerothCore SharedDefines.h GuildCommandError
    const char* errStr = nullptr;
    switch (data.errorCode) {
        case 2:  errStr = "You are not in a guild."; break;
        case 3:  errStr = "That player is not in a guild."; break;
        case 4:  errStr = "No player named \"%s\" is online."; break;
        case 7:  errStr = "You are the guild leader."; break;
        case 8:  errStr = "You must transfer leadership before leaving."; break;
        case 11: errStr = "\"%s\" is already in a guild."; break;
        case 13: errStr = "You are already in a guild."; break;
        case 14: errStr = "\"%s\" has already been invited to a guild."; break;
        case 15: errStr = "You cannot invite yourself."; break;
        case 16:
        case 17: errStr = "You are not the guild leader."; break;
        case 18: errStr = "That player's rank is too high to remove."; break;
        case 19: errStr = "You cannot remove someone with a higher rank."; break;
        case 20: errStr = "Guild ranks are locked."; break;
        case 21: errStr = "That rank is in use."; break;
        case 22: errStr = "That player is ignoring you."; break;
        case 25: errStr = "Insufficient guild bank withdrawal quota."; break;
        case 26: errStr = "Guild doesn't have enough money."; break;
        case 28: errStr = "Guild bank is full."; break;
        case 31: errStr = "Too many guild ranks."; break;
        case 37: errStr = "That player is the guild leader."; break;
        case 49: errStr = "Guild reputation is too low."; break;
        default: break;
    }

    std::string msg;
    if (errStr) {
        // Substitute %s with player name where applicable
        std::string fmt = errStr;
        auto pos = fmt.find("%s");
        if (pos != std::string::npos && !data.name.empty())
            fmt.replace(pos, 2, data.name);
        else if (pos != std::string::npos)
            fmt.replace(pos, 2, "that player");
        msg = fmt;
    } else {
        msg = "Guild command failed";
        if (!data.name.empty()) msg += " for " + data.name;
        msg += " (error " + std::to_string(data.errorCode) + ")";
    }
    addSystemChatMessage(msg);
}

// ============================================================
// Phase 5: Loot, Gossip, Vendor
// ============================================================

void GameHandler::lootTarget(uint64_t guid) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = LootPacket::build(guid);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::lootItem(uint8_t slotIndex) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = AutostoreLootItemPacket::build(slotIndex);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::closeLoot() {
    if (!lootWindowOpen) return;
    lootWindowOpen = false;
    masterLootCandidates_.clear();
    if (currentLoot.lootGuid != 0 && targetGuid == currentLoot.lootGuid) {
        clearTarget();
    }
    if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD && socket) {
        auto packet = LootReleasePacket::build(currentLoot.lootGuid);
        socket->send(packet);
    }
    currentLoot = LootResponseData{};
}

void GameHandler::lootMasterGive(uint8_t lootSlot, uint64_t targetGuid) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    // CMSG_LOOT_MASTER_GIVE: uint64 lootGuid + uint8 slotIndex + uint64 targetGuid
    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_LOOT_MASTER_GIVE));
    pkt.writeUInt64(currentLoot.lootGuid);
    pkt.writeUInt8(lootSlot);
    pkt.writeUInt64(targetGuid);
    socket->send(pkt);
}

void GameHandler::interactWithNpc(uint64_t guid) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = GossipHelloPacket::build(guid);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::interactWithGameObject(uint64_t guid) {
    if (guid == 0) return;
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    // Do not overlap an actual spell cast.
    if (casting && currentCastSpellId != 0) return;
    // Always clear melee intent before GO interactions.
    stopAutoAttack();
    // Interact immediately; server drives any real cast/channel feedback.
    pendingGameObjectInteractGuid_ = 0;
    performGameObjectInteractionNow(guid);
}

void GameHandler::performGameObjectInteractionNow(uint64_t guid) {
    if (guid == 0) return;
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    bool turtleMode = isActiveExpansion("turtle");

    // Rate-limit to prevent spamming the server
    static uint64_t lastInteractGuid = 0;
    static std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point lastInteractTime{};
    auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    // Keep duplicate suppression, but allow quick retry clicks.
    int64_t minRepeatMs = turtleMode ? 150 : 150;
    if (guid == lastInteractGuid &&
        std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(now - lastInteractTime).count() < minRepeatMs) {
        return;
    }
    lastInteractGuid = guid;
    lastInteractTime = now;

    // Ensure GO interaction isn't blocked by stale or active melee state.
    stopAutoAttack();
    auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(guid);
    uint32_t goEntry = 0;
    uint32_t goType = 0;
    std::string goName;

    if (entity) {
        if (entity->getType() == ObjectType::GAMEOBJECT) {
            auto go = std::static_pointer_cast<GameObject>(entity);
            goEntry = go->getEntry();
            goName = go->getName();
            if (auto* info = getCachedGameObjectInfo(goEntry)) goType = info->type;
            if (goType == 5 && !goName.empty()) {
                std::string lower = goName;
                std::transform(lower.begin(), lower.end(), lower.begin(),
                               [](unsigned char c) { return static_cast<char>(std::tolower(c)); });
                if (lower.rfind("doodad_", 0) != 0) {
                    addSystemChatMessage(goName);
                }
            }
        }
        // Face object and send heartbeat before use so strict servers don't require
        // a nudge movement to accept interaction.
        float dx = entity->getX() - movementInfo.x;
        float dy = entity->getY() - movementInfo.y;
        float dz = entity->getZ() - movementInfo.z;
        float dist3d = std::sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz);
        if (dist3d > 10.0f) {
            addSystemChatMessage("Too far away.");
            return;
        }
        if (std::abs(dx) > 0.01f || std::abs(dy) > 0.01f) {
            movementInfo.orientation = std::atan2(-dy, dx);
            sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_SET_FACING);
        }
        sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_HEARTBEAT);
    }

    auto packet = GameObjectUsePacket::build(guid);
    socket->send(packet);
    lastInteractedGoGuid_ = guid;

    // For mailbox GameObjects (type 19), open mail UI and request mail list.
    // In Vanilla/Classic there is no SMSG_SHOW_MAILBOX — the server just sends
    // animation/sound and expects the client to request the mail list.
    bool isMailbox = false;
    bool chestLike = false;
    // Always send CMSG_LOOT after CMSG_GAMEOBJ_USE for any gameobject that could be
    // lootable.  The server silently ignores CMSG_LOOT for non-lootable objects
    // (doors, buttons, etc.), so this is safe.  Not sending it is the main reason
    // chests fail to open when their GO type is not yet cached or their name doesn't
    // contain the word "chest" (e.g. lockboxes, coffers, strongboxes, caches).
    bool shouldSendLoot = true;
    if (entity && entity->getType() == ObjectType::GAMEOBJECT) {
        auto go = std::static_pointer_cast<GameObject>(entity);
        auto* info = getCachedGameObjectInfo(go->getEntry());
        if (info && info->type == 19) {
            isMailbox = true;
            shouldSendLoot = false;
            LOG_INFO("Mailbox interaction: opening mail UI and requesting mail list");
            mailboxGuid_ = guid;
            mailboxOpen_ = true;
            hasNewMail_ = false;
            selectedMailIndex_ = -1;
            showMailCompose_ = false;
            refreshMailList();
        } else if (info && info->type == 3) {
            chestLike = true;
        }
    }
    if (!chestLike && !goName.empty()) {
        std::string lower = goName;
        std::transform(lower.begin(), lower.end(), lower.begin(),
                       [](unsigned char c) { return static_cast<char>(std::tolower(c)); });
        chestLike = (lower.find("chest") != std::string::npos ||
                     lower.find("lockbox") != std::string::npos ||
                     lower.find("strongbox") != std::string::npos ||
                     lower.find("coffer") != std::string::npos ||
                     lower.find("cache") != std::string::npos);
    }
    // Some servers require CMSG_GAMEOBJ_REPORT_USE for lootable gameobjects.
    // Only send it when the active opcode table actually supports it.
    if (!isMailbox) {
        const auto* table = getActiveOpcodeTable();
        if (table && table->hasOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_GAMEOBJ_REPORT_USE)) {
            network::Packet reportUse(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_GAMEOBJ_REPORT_USE));
            reportUse.writeUInt64(guid);
            socket->send(reportUse);
        }
    }
    if (shouldSendLoot) {
        // Don't send CMSG_LOOT immediately — give the server time to process
        // CMSG_GAMEOBJ_USE first (chests need to transition to lootable state,
        // gathering nodes start a spell cast).  A premature CMSG_LOOT can cause
        // an empty SMSG_LOOT_RESPONSE that clears our gather-cast loot state.
        pendingGameObjectLootOpens_.erase(
            std::remove_if(pendingGameObjectLootOpens_.begin(), pendingGameObjectLootOpens_.end(),
                           [&](const PendingLootOpen& p) { return p.guid == guid; }),
            pendingGameObjectLootOpens_.end());
        // Short delay for chests (server makes them lootable quickly after USE),
        // plus a longer retry to catch slow state transitions.
        pendingGameObjectLootOpens_.push_back(PendingLootOpen{guid, 0.20f});
        pendingGameObjectLootOpens_.push_back(PendingLootOpen{guid, 0.75f});
    } else {
        // Non-lootable interaction (mailbox, door, button, etc.) — no CMSG_LOOT will be
        // sent, and no SMSG_LOOT_RESPONSE will arrive to clear it.  Clear the gather-loot
        // guid now so a subsequent timed cast completion can't fire a spurious CMSG_LOOT.
        lastInteractedGoGuid_ = 0;
    }
    // Don't retry CMSG_GAMEOBJ_USE — resending can toggle chest state on some
    // servers (opening→closing the chest).  The delayed CMSG_LOOT retries above
    // handle the case where the first loot attempt arrives too early.
}

void GameHandler::selectGossipOption(uint32_t optionId) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket || !gossipWindowOpen) return;
    LOG_INFO("selectGossipOption: optionId=", optionId,
             " npcGuid=0x", std::hex, currentGossip.npcGuid, std::dec,
             " menuId=", currentGossip.menuId,
             " numOptions=", currentGossip.options.size());
    auto packet = GossipSelectOptionPacket::build(currentGossip.npcGuid, currentGossip.menuId, optionId);
    socket->send(packet);

    for (const auto& opt : currentGossip.options) {
        if (opt.id != optionId) continue;
        LOG_INFO("  matched option: id=", opt.id, " icon=", (int)opt.icon, " text='", opt.text, "'");

        // Icon-based NPC interaction fallbacks
        // Some servers need the specific activate packet in addition to gossip select
        if (opt.icon == 6) {
            // GOSSIP_ICON_MONEY_BAG = banker
            auto pkt = BankerActivatePacket::build(currentGossip.npcGuid);
            socket->send(pkt);
            LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_BANKER_ACTIVATE for npc=0x", std::hex, currentGossip.npcGuid, std::dec);
        }

        // Text-based NPC type detection for servers using placeholder strings
        std::string text = opt.text;
        std::string textLower = text;
        std::transform(textLower.begin(), textLower.end(), textLower.begin(),
                       [](unsigned char c){ return static_cast<char>(std::tolower(c)); });

        if (text == "GOSSIP_OPTION_AUCTIONEER" || textLower.find("auction") != std::string::npos) {
            auto pkt = AuctionHelloPacket::build(currentGossip.npcGuid);
            socket->send(pkt);
            LOG_INFO("Sent MSG_AUCTION_HELLO for npc=0x", std::hex, currentGossip.npcGuid, std::dec);
        }

        if (text == "GOSSIP_OPTION_BANKER" || textLower.find("deposit box") != std::string::npos) {
            auto pkt = BankerActivatePacket::build(currentGossip.npcGuid);
            socket->send(pkt);
            LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_BANKER_ACTIVATE for npc=0x", std::hex, currentGossip.npcGuid, std::dec);
        }

        // Vendor / repair: some servers require an explicit CMSG_LIST_INVENTORY after gossip select.
        const bool isVendor = (text == "GOSSIP_OPTION_VENDOR" ||
                               (textLower.find("browse") != std::string::npos &&
                                (textLower.find("goods") != std::string::npos || textLower.find("wares") != std::string::npos)));
        const bool isArmorer = (text == "GOSSIP_OPTION_ARMORER" || textLower.find("repair") != std::string::npos);
        if (isVendor || isArmorer) {
            if (isArmorer) {
                setVendorCanRepair(true);
            }
            auto pkt = ListInventoryPacket::build(currentGossip.npcGuid);
            socket->send(pkt);
            LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_LIST_INVENTORY (gossip) to npc=0x", std::hex, currentGossip.npcGuid, std::dec,
                     " vendor=", (int)isVendor, " repair=", (int)isArmorer);
        }

        if (textLower.find("make this inn your home") != std::string::npos ||
            textLower.find("set your home") != std::string::npos) {
            auto bindPkt = BinderActivatePacket::build(currentGossip.npcGuid);
            socket->send(bindPkt);
            LOG_INFO("Sent CMSG_BINDER_ACTIVATE for npc=0x", std::hex, currentGossip.npcGuid, std::dec);
        }

        // Stable master detection: GOSSIP_OPTION_STABLE or text keywords
        if (text == "GOSSIP_OPTION_STABLE" ||
            textLower.find("stable") != std::string::npos ||
            textLower.find("my pet") != std::string::npos) {
            stableMasterGuid_ = currentGossip.npcGuid;
            stableWindowOpen_ = false;  // will open when list arrives
            auto listPkt = ListStabledPetsPacket::build(currentGossip.npcGuid);
            socket->send(listPkt);
            LOG_INFO("Sent MSG_LIST_STABLED_PETS (gossip) to npc=0x",
                     std::hex, currentGossip.npcGuid, std::dec);
        }
        break;
    }
}

void GameHandler::selectGossipQuest(uint32_t questId) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket || !gossipWindowOpen) return;

    // Keep quest-log fallback for servers that don't provide stable icon semantics.
    const QuestLogEntry* activeQuest = nullptr;
    for (const auto& q : questLog_) {
        if (q.questId == questId) {
            activeQuest = &q;
            break;
        }
    }

    // Validate against server-auth quest slot fields to avoid stale local entries
    // forcing turn-in flow for quests that are not actually accepted.
    auto questInServerLogSlots = [&](uint32_t qid) -> bool {
        if (qid == 0 || lastPlayerFields_.empty()) return false;
        const uint16_t ufQuestStart = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_QUEST_LOG_START);
        const uint8_t qStride = packetParsers_ ? packetParsers_->questLogStride() : 5;
        const uint16_t ufQuestEnd = ufQuestStart + 25 * qStride;
        for (const auto& [key, val] : lastPlayerFields_) {
            if (key < ufQuestStart || key >= ufQuestEnd) continue;
            if ((key - ufQuestStart) % qStride != 0) continue;
            if (val == qid) return true;
        }
        return false;
    };
    const bool questInServerLog = questInServerLogSlots(questId);
    if (questInServerLog && !activeQuest) {
        addQuestToLocalLogIfMissing(questId, "Quest #" + std::to_string(questId), "");
        requestQuestQuery(questId, false);
        for (const auto& q : questLog_) {
            if (q.questId == questId) {
                activeQuest = &q;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    const bool activeQuestConfirmedByServer = questInServerLog;
    // Only trust server quest-log slots for deciding "already accepted" flow.
    // Gossip icon values can differ across cores/expansions and misclassify
    // available quests as active, which blocks acceptance.
    const bool shouldStartProgressFlow = activeQuestConfirmedByServer;
    if (shouldStartProgressFlow) {
        pendingTurnInQuestId_ = questId;
        pendingTurnInNpcGuid_ = currentGossip.npcGuid;
        pendingTurnInRewardRequest_ = activeQuest ? activeQuest->complete : false;
        auto packet = QuestgiverCompleteQuestPacket::build(currentGossip.npcGuid, questId);
        socket->send(packet);
    } else {
        pendingTurnInQuestId_ = 0;
        pendingTurnInNpcGuid_ = 0;
        pendingTurnInRewardRequest_ = false;
        auto packet = packetParsers_
            ? packetParsers_->buildQueryQuestPacket(currentGossip.npcGuid, questId)
            : QuestgiverQueryQuestPacket::build(currentGossip.npcGuid, questId);
        socket->send(packet);
    }

    gossipWindowOpen = false;
}

bool GameHandler::requestQuestQuery(uint32_t questId, bool force) {
    if (questId == 0 || state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return false;
    if (!force && pendingQuestQueryIds_.count(questId)) return false;

    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_QUEST_QUERY));
    pkt.writeUInt32(questId);
    socket->send(pkt);
    pendingQuestQueryIds_.insert(questId);

    // WotLK supports CMSG_QUEST_POI_QUERY to get objective map locations.
    // Only send if the opcode is mapped (stride==5 means WotLK).
    if (packetParsers_ && packetParsers_->questLogStride() == 5) {
        const uint32_t wirePoiQuery = wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_QUEST_POI_QUERY);
        if (wirePoiQuery != 0xFFFF) {
            network::Packet poiPkt(static_cast<uint16_t>(wirePoiQuery));
            poiPkt.writeUInt32(1);          // count = 1
            poiPkt.writeUInt32(questId);
            socket->send(poiPkt);
        }
    }
    return true;
}

void GameHandler::handleQuestPoiQueryResponse(network::Packet& packet) {
    // WotLK 3.3.5a SMSG_QUEST_POI_QUERY_RESPONSE format:
    //   uint32 questCount
    //   per quest:
    //     uint32 questId
    //     uint32 poiCount
    //     per poi:
    //       uint32 poiId
    //       int32  objIndex      (-1 = no specific objective)
    //       uint32 mapId
    //       uint32 areaId
    //       uint32 floorId
    //       uint32 unk1
    //       uint32 unk2
    //       uint32 pointCount
    //       per point: int32 x, int32 y
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) return;
    const uint32_t questCount = packet.readUInt32();
    for (uint32_t qi = 0; qi < questCount; ++qi) {
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) return;
        const uint32_t questId  = packet.readUInt32();
        const uint32_t poiCount = packet.readUInt32();

        // Remove any previously added POI markers for this quest to avoid duplicates
        // on repeated queries (e.g. zone change or force-refresh).
        gossipPois_.erase(
            std::remove_if(gossipPois_.begin(), gossipPois_.end(),
                [questId, this](const GossipPoi& p) {
                    // Match by questId embedded in data field (set below).
                    return p.data == questId;
                }),
            gossipPois_.end());

        // Find the quest title for the marker label.
        std::string questTitle;
        for (const auto& q : questLog_) {
            if (q.questId == questId) { questTitle = q.title; break; }
        }

        for (uint32_t pi = 0; pi < poiCount; ++pi) {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 28) return;
            packet.readUInt32();  // poiId
            packet.readUInt32();  // objIndex (int32)
            const uint32_t mapId    = packet.readUInt32();
            packet.readUInt32();  // areaId
            packet.readUInt32();  // floorId
            packet.readUInt32();  // unk1
            packet.readUInt32();  // unk2
            const uint32_t pointCount = packet.readUInt32();
            if (pointCount == 0) continue;
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < pointCount * 8) return;
            // Compute centroid of the poi region to place a minimap marker.
            float sumX = 0.0f, sumY = 0.0f;
            for (uint32_t pt = 0; pt < pointCount; ++pt) {
                const int32_t px = static_cast<int32_t>(packet.readUInt32());
                const int32_t py = static_cast<int32_t>(packet.readUInt32());
                sumX += static_cast<float>(px);
                sumY += static_cast<float>(py);
            }
            // Skip POIs for maps other than the player's current map.
            if (mapId != currentMapId_) continue;
            // Add as a GossipPoi; use data field to carry questId for later dedup.
            GossipPoi poi;
            poi.x    = sumX / static_cast<float>(pointCount);  // WoW canonical X
            poi.y    = sumY / static_cast<float>(pointCount);  // WoW canonical Y
            poi.icon = 6;  // generic quest POI icon
            poi.data = questId;  // used for dedup on subsequent queries
            poi.name = questTitle.empty() ? "Quest objective" : questTitle;
            LOG_DEBUG("Quest POI: questId=", questId, " mapId=", mapId,
                      " centroid=(", poi.x, ",", poi.y, ") title=", poi.name);
            gossipPois_.push_back(std::move(poi));
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleQuestDetails(network::Packet& packet) {
    QuestDetailsData data;
    bool ok = packetParsers_ ? packetParsers_->parseQuestDetails(packet, data)
                              : QuestDetailsParser::parse(packet, data);
    if (!ok) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_QUESTGIVER_QUEST_DETAILS");
        return;
    }
    currentQuestDetails = data;
    for (auto& q : questLog_) {
        if (q.questId != data.questId) continue;
        if (!data.title.empty() && (isPlaceholderQuestTitle(q.title) || data.title.size() >= q.title.size())) {
            q.title = data.title;
        }
        if (!data.objectives.empty() && (q.objectives.empty() || data.objectives.size() > q.objectives.size())) {
            q.objectives = data.objectives;
        }
        break;
    }
    // Pre-fetch item info for all reward items so icons and names are ready
    // both in this details window and later in the offer-reward dialog (after the player turns in).
    for (const auto& item : data.rewardChoiceItems) queryItemInfo(item.itemId, 0);
    for (const auto& item : data.rewardItems)       queryItemInfo(item.itemId, 0);
    // Delay opening the window slightly to allow item queries to complete
    questDetailsOpenTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + std::chrono::milliseconds(100);
    gossipWindowOpen = false;
}

bool GameHandler::hasQuestInLog(uint32_t questId) const {
    for (const auto& q : questLog_) {
        if (q.questId == questId) return true;
    }
    return false;
}

int GameHandler::findQuestLogSlotIndexFromServer(uint32_t questId) const {
    if (questId == 0 || lastPlayerFields_.empty()) return -1;
    const uint16_t ufQuestStart = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_QUEST_LOG_START);
    const uint8_t qStride = packetParsers_ ? packetParsers_->questLogStride() : 5;
    for (uint16_t slot = 0; slot < 25; ++slot) {
        const uint16_t idField = ufQuestStart + slot * qStride;
        auto it = lastPlayerFields_.find(idField);
        if (it != lastPlayerFields_.end() && it->second == questId) {
            return static_cast<int>(slot);
        }
    }
    return -1;
}

void GameHandler::addQuestToLocalLogIfMissing(uint32_t questId, const std::string& title, const std::string& objectives) {
    if (questId == 0 || hasQuestInLog(questId)) return;
    QuestLogEntry entry;
    entry.questId = questId;
    entry.title = title.empty() ? ("Quest #" + std::to_string(questId)) : title;
    entry.objectives = objectives;
    questLog_.push_back(std::move(entry));
}

bool GameHandler::resyncQuestLogFromServerSlots(bool forceQueryMetadata) {
    if (lastPlayerFields_.empty()) return false;

    const uint16_t ufQuestStart = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_QUEST_LOG_START);
    const uint8_t qStride = packetParsers_ ? packetParsers_->questLogStride() : 5;

    // Collect quest IDs and their completion state from update fields.
    // State field (slot*stride+1) uses the same QuestStatus enum across all expansions:
    //   0 = none, 1 = complete (ready to turn in), 3 = incomplete/active, etc.
    static constexpr uint32_t kQuestStatusComplete = 1;

    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, bool> serverQuestComplete;  // questId → complete
    serverQuestComplete.reserve(25);
    for (uint16_t slot = 0; slot < 25; ++slot) {
        const uint16_t idField    = ufQuestStart + slot * qStride;
        const uint16_t stateField = ufQuestStart + slot * qStride + 1;
        auto it = lastPlayerFields_.find(idField);
        if (it == lastPlayerFields_.end()) continue;
        uint32_t questId = it->second;
        if (questId == 0) continue;

        bool complete = false;
        if (qStride >= 2) {
            auto stateIt = lastPlayerFields_.find(stateField);
            if (stateIt != lastPlayerFields_.end()) {
                // Lower byte is the quest state; treat any variant of "complete" as done.
                uint32_t state = stateIt->second & 0xFF;
                complete = (state == kQuestStatusComplete);
            }
        }
        serverQuestComplete[questId] = complete;
    }

    std::unordered_set<uint32_t> serverQuestIds;
    serverQuestIds.reserve(serverQuestComplete.size());
    for (const auto& [qid, _] : serverQuestComplete) serverQuestIds.insert(qid);

    const size_t localBefore = questLog_.size();
    std::erase_if(questLog_, [&](const QuestLogEntry& q) {
        return q.questId == 0 || serverQuestIds.count(q.questId) == 0;
    });
    const size_t removed = localBefore - questLog_.size();

    size_t added = 0;
    for (uint32_t questId : serverQuestIds) {
        if (hasQuestInLog(questId)) continue;
        addQuestToLocalLogIfMissing(questId, "Quest #" + std::to_string(questId), "");
        ++added;
    }

    // Apply server-authoritative completion state to all tracked quests.
    // This initialises quest.complete correctly on login for quests that were
    // already complete before the current session started.
    size_t marked = 0;
    for (auto& quest : questLog_) {
        auto it = serverQuestComplete.find(quest.questId);
        if (it == serverQuestComplete.end()) continue;
        if (it->second && !quest.complete) {
            quest.complete = true;
            ++marked;
            LOG_DEBUG("Quest ", quest.questId, " marked complete from update fields");
        }
    }

    if (forceQueryMetadata) {
        for (uint32_t questId : serverQuestIds) {
            requestQuestQuery(questId, false);
        }
    }

    LOG_INFO("Quest log resync from server slots: server=", serverQuestIds.size(),
             " localBefore=", localBefore, " removed=", removed, " added=", added,
             " markedComplete=", marked);
    return true;
}

// Apply quest completion state from player update fields to already-tracked local quests.
// Called from VALUES update handler so quests that complete mid-session (or that were
// complete on login) get quest.complete=true without waiting for SMSG_QUESTUPDATE_COMPLETE.
void GameHandler::applyQuestStateFromFields(const std::map<uint16_t, uint32_t>& fields) {
    const uint16_t ufQuestStart = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_QUEST_LOG_START);
    if (ufQuestStart == 0xFFFF || questLog_.empty()) return;

    const uint8_t qStride = packetParsers_ ? packetParsers_->questLogStride() : 5;
    if (qStride < 2) return;  // Need at least 2 fields per slot (id + state)

    static constexpr uint32_t kQuestStatusComplete = 1;

    for (uint16_t slot = 0; slot < 25; ++slot) {
        const uint16_t idField    = ufQuestStart + slot * qStride;
        const uint16_t stateField = idField + 1;
        auto idIt = fields.find(idField);
        if (idIt == fields.end()) continue;
        uint32_t questId = idIt->second;
        if (questId == 0) continue;

        auto stateIt = fields.find(stateField);
        if (stateIt == fields.end()) continue;
        bool serverComplete = ((stateIt->second & 0xFF) == kQuestStatusComplete);
        if (!serverComplete) continue;

        for (auto& quest : questLog_) {
            if (quest.questId == questId && !quest.complete) {
                quest.complete = true;
                LOG_INFO("Quest ", questId, " marked complete from VALUES update field state");
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

// Extract packed 6-bit kill/objective counts from WotLK/TBC/Classic quest-log update fields
// and populate quest.killCounts + quest.itemCounts using the structured objectives obtained
// from a prior SMSG_QUEST_QUERY_RESPONSE.  Silently does nothing if objectives are absent.
void GameHandler::applyPackedKillCountsFromFields(QuestLogEntry& quest) {
    if (lastPlayerFields_.empty()) return;

    const uint16_t ufQuestStart = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_QUEST_LOG_START);
    if (ufQuestStart == 0xFFFF) return;

    const uint8_t qStride = packetParsers_ ? packetParsers_->questLogStride() : 5;
    if (qStride < 3) return;  // Need at least id + state + packed-counts field

    // Find which server slot this quest occupies.
    int slot = findQuestLogSlotIndexFromServer(quest.questId);
    if (slot < 0) return;

    // Packed count fields: stride+2 (all expansions), stride+3 (WotLK only, stride==5)
    const uint16_t countField1 = ufQuestStart + static_cast<uint16_t>(slot) * qStride + 2;
    const uint16_t countField2 = (qStride >= 5)
                                     ? static_cast<uint16_t>(countField1 + 1)
                                     : static_cast<uint16_t>(0xFFFF);

    auto f1It = lastPlayerFields_.find(countField1);
    if (f1It == lastPlayerFields_.end()) return;
    const uint32_t packed1 = f1It->second;

    uint32_t packed2 = 0;
    if (countField2 != 0xFFFF) {
        auto f2It = lastPlayerFields_.find(countField2);
        if (f2It != lastPlayerFields_.end()) packed2 = f2It->second;
    }

    // Unpack six 6-bit counts (bit fields 0-5, 6-11, 12-17, 18-23 in packed1;
    // bits 0-5, 6-11 in packed2 for objectives 4 and 5).
    auto unpack6 = [](uint32_t word, int idx) -> uint8_t {
        return static_cast<uint8_t>((word >> (idx * 6)) & 0x3F);
    };
    const uint8_t counts[6] = {
        unpack6(packed1, 0), unpack6(packed1, 1),
        unpack6(packed1, 2), unpack6(packed1, 3),
        unpack6(packed2, 0), unpack6(packed2, 1),
    };

    // Apply kill objective counts (indices 0-3).
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
        const auto& obj = quest.killObjectives[i];
        if (obj.npcOrGoId == 0 || obj.required == 0) continue;
        // Negative npcOrGoId means game object; use absolute value as the map key
        // (SMSG_QUESTUPDATE_ADD_KILL always sends a positive entry regardless of type).
        const uint32_t entryKey = static_cast<uint32_t>(
            obj.npcOrGoId > 0 ? obj.npcOrGoId : -obj.npcOrGoId);
        // Don't overwrite live kill count with stale packed data if already non-zero.
        if (counts[i] == 0 && quest.killCounts.count(entryKey)) continue;
        quest.killCounts[entryKey] = {counts[i], obj.required};
        LOG_DEBUG("Quest ", quest.questId, " objective[", i, "]: npcOrGo=",
                  obj.npcOrGoId, " count=", (int)counts[i], "/", obj.required);
    }

    // Apply item objective counts (only available in WotLK stride+3 positions 4-5).
    // Item counts also arrive live via SMSG_QUESTUPDATE_ADD_ITEM; just initialise here.
    for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
        const auto& obj = quest.itemObjectives[i];
        if (obj.itemId == 0 || obj.required == 0) continue;
        if (i < 2 && qStride >= 5) {
            uint8_t cnt = counts[4 + i];
            if (cnt > 0) {
                quest.itemCounts[obj.itemId] = std::max(quest.itemCounts[obj.itemId], static_cast<uint32_t>(cnt));
            }
        }
        quest.requiredItemCounts.emplace(obj.itemId, obj.required);
    }
}

void GameHandler::clearPendingQuestAccept(uint32_t questId) {
    pendingQuestAcceptTimeouts_.erase(questId);
    pendingQuestAcceptNpcGuids_.erase(questId);
}

void GameHandler::triggerQuestAcceptResync(uint32_t questId, uint64_t npcGuid, const char* reason) {
    if (questId == 0 || !socket || state != WorldState::IN_WORLD) return;

    LOG_INFO("Quest accept resync: questId=", questId, " reason=", reason ? reason : "unknown");
    requestQuestQuery(questId, true);

    if (npcGuid != 0) {
        network::Packet qsPkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_QUESTGIVER_STATUS_QUERY));
        qsPkt.writeUInt64(npcGuid);
        socket->send(qsPkt);

        auto queryPkt = packetParsers_
            ? packetParsers_->buildQueryQuestPacket(npcGuid, questId)
            : QuestgiverQueryQuestPacket::build(npcGuid, questId);
        socket->send(queryPkt);
    }
}

void GameHandler::acceptQuest() {
    if (!questDetailsOpen || state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    const uint32_t questId = currentQuestDetails.questId;
    if (questId == 0) return;
    uint64_t npcGuid = currentQuestDetails.npcGuid;
    if (pendingQuestAcceptTimeouts_.count(questId) != 0) {
        LOG_DEBUG("Ignoring duplicate quest accept while pending: questId=", questId);
        triggerQuestAcceptResync(questId, npcGuid, "duplicate-accept");
        questDetailsOpen = false;
        questDetailsOpenTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point{};
        currentQuestDetails = QuestDetailsData{};
        return;
    }
    const bool inLocalLog = hasQuestInLog(questId);
    const int serverSlot = findQuestLogSlotIndexFromServer(questId);
    if (serverSlot >= 0) {
        LOG_INFO("Ignoring duplicate quest accept already in server quest log: questId=", questId,
                 " slot=", serverSlot);
        questDetailsOpen = false;
        questDetailsOpenTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point{};
        currentQuestDetails = QuestDetailsData{};
        return;
    }
    if (inLocalLog) {
        LOG_WARNING("Quest accept local/server mismatch, allowing re-accept: questId=", questId);
        std::erase_if(questLog_, [&](const QuestLogEntry& q) { return q.questId == questId; });
    }

    network::Packet packet = packetParsers_
        ? packetParsers_->buildAcceptQuestPacket(npcGuid, questId)
        : QuestgiverAcceptQuestPacket::build(npcGuid, questId);
    socket->send(packet);
    pendingQuestAcceptTimeouts_[questId] = 5.0f;
    pendingQuestAcceptNpcGuids_[questId] = npcGuid;

    // Play quest-accept sound
    if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
        if (auto* sfx = renderer->getUiSoundManager())
            sfx->playQuestActivate();
    }

    questDetailsOpen = false;
    questDetailsOpenTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point{};
    currentQuestDetails = QuestDetailsData{};

    // Re-query quest giver status so marker updates (! → ?)
    if (npcGuid) {
        network::Packet qsPkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_QUESTGIVER_STATUS_QUERY));
        qsPkt.writeUInt64(npcGuid);
        socket->send(qsPkt);
    }
}

void GameHandler::declineQuest() {
    questDetailsOpen = false;
    questDetailsOpenTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point{};
    currentQuestDetails = QuestDetailsData{};
}

void GameHandler::abandonQuest(uint32_t questId) {
    clearPendingQuestAccept(questId);
    int localIndex = -1;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < questLog_.size(); ++i) {
        if (questLog_[i].questId == questId) {
            localIndex = static_cast<int>(i);
            break;
        }
    }

    int slotIndex = findQuestLogSlotIndexFromServer(questId);
    if (slotIndex < 0 && localIndex >= 0) {
        // Best-effort fallback if update fields are stale/missing.
        slotIndex = localIndex;
        LOG_WARNING("Abandon quest using local slot fallback: questId=", questId, " slot=", slotIndex);
    }

    if (slotIndex >= 0 && slotIndex < 25) {
        if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD && socket) {
            network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_QUESTLOG_REMOVE_QUEST));
            pkt.writeUInt8(static_cast<uint8_t>(slotIndex));
            socket->send(pkt);
        }
    } else {
        LOG_WARNING("Abandon quest failed: no quest-log slot found for questId=", questId);
    }

    if (localIndex >= 0) {
        questLog_.erase(questLog_.begin() + static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(localIndex));
    }

    // Remove any quest POI minimap markers for this quest.
    gossipPois_.erase(
        std::remove_if(gossipPois_.begin(), gossipPois_.end(),
            [questId](const GossipPoi& p) { return p.data == questId; }),
        gossipPois_.end());
}

void GameHandler::shareQuestWithParty(uint32_t questId) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        addSystemChatMessage("Cannot share quest: not in world.");
        return;
    }
    if (!isInGroup()) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You must be in a group to share a quest.");
        return;
    }
    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_PUSHQUESTTOPARTY));
    pkt.writeUInt32(questId);
    socket->send(pkt);
    // Local feedback: find quest title
    for (const auto& q : questLog_) {
        if (q.questId == questId && !q.title.empty()) {
            addSystemChatMessage("Sharing quest: " + q.title);
            return;
        }
    }
    addSystemChatMessage("Quest shared.");
}

void GameHandler::handleQuestRequestItems(network::Packet& packet) {
    QuestRequestItemsData data;
    if (!QuestRequestItemsParser::parse(packet, data)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_QUESTGIVER_REQUEST_ITEMS");
        return;
    }
    clearPendingQuestAccept(data.questId);

    // Expansion-safe fallback: COMPLETE_QUEST is the default flow.
    // If a server echoes REQUEST_ITEMS again while still completable,
    // request the reward explicitly once.
    if (pendingTurnInRewardRequest_ &&
        data.questId == pendingTurnInQuestId_ &&
        data.npcGuid == pendingTurnInNpcGuid_ &&
        data.isCompletable() &&
        socket) {
        auto rewardReq = QuestgiverRequestRewardPacket::build(data.npcGuid, data.questId);
        socket->send(rewardReq);
        pendingTurnInRewardRequest_ = false;
    }

    currentQuestRequestItems_ = data;
    questRequestItemsOpen_ = true;
    gossipWindowOpen = false;
    questDetailsOpen = false;
    questDetailsOpenTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point{};

    // Query item names for required items
    for (const auto& item : data.requiredItems) {
        queryItemInfo(item.itemId, 0);
    }

    // Server-authoritative turn-in requirements: sync quest-log summary so
    // UI doesn't show stale/inferred objective numbers.
    for (auto& q : questLog_) {
        if (q.questId != data.questId) continue;
        q.complete = data.isCompletable();
        q.requiredItemCounts.clear();

        std::ostringstream oss;
        if (!data.completionText.empty()) {
            oss << data.completionText;
            if (!data.requiredItems.empty() || data.requiredMoney > 0) oss << "\n\n";
        }
        if (!data.requiredItems.empty()) {
            oss << "Required items:";
            for (const auto& item : data.requiredItems) {
                std::string itemLabel = "Item " + std::to_string(item.itemId);
                if (const auto* info = getItemInfo(item.itemId)) {
                    if (!info->name.empty()) itemLabel = info->name;
                }
                q.requiredItemCounts[item.itemId] = item.count;
                oss << "\n- " << itemLabel << " x" << item.count;
            }
        }
        if (data.requiredMoney > 0) {
            if (!data.requiredItems.empty()) oss << "\n";
            oss << "\nRequired money: " << formatCopperAmount(data.requiredMoney);
        }
        q.objectives = oss.str();
        break;
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleQuestOfferReward(network::Packet& packet) {
    QuestOfferRewardData data;
    if (!QuestOfferRewardParser::parse(packet, data)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_QUESTGIVER_OFFER_REWARD");
        return;
    }
    clearPendingQuestAccept(data.questId);
    LOG_INFO("Quest offer reward: questId=", data.questId, " title=\"", data.title, "\"");
    if (pendingTurnInQuestId_ == data.questId) {
        pendingTurnInQuestId_ = 0;
        pendingTurnInNpcGuid_ = 0;
        pendingTurnInRewardRequest_ = false;
    }
    currentQuestOfferReward_ = data;
    questOfferRewardOpen_ = true;
    questRequestItemsOpen_ = false;
    gossipWindowOpen = false;
    questDetailsOpen = false;
    questDetailsOpenTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point{};

    // Query item names for reward items
    for (const auto& item : data.choiceRewards)
        queryItemInfo(item.itemId, 0);
    for (const auto& item : data.fixedRewards)
        queryItemInfo(item.itemId, 0);
}

void GameHandler::completeQuest() {
    if (!questRequestItemsOpen_ || state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    pendingTurnInQuestId_ = currentQuestRequestItems_.questId;
    pendingTurnInNpcGuid_ = currentQuestRequestItems_.npcGuid;
    pendingTurnInRewardRequest_ = currentQuestRequestItems_.isCompletable();

    // Default quest turn-in flow used by all branches.
    auto packet = QuestgiverCompleteQuestPacket::build(
        currentQuestRequestItems_.npcGuid, currentQuestRequestItems_.questId);
    socket->send(packet);
    questRequestItemsOpen_ = false;
    currentQuestRequestItems_ = QuestRequestItemsData{};
}

void GameHandler::closeQuestRequestItems() {
    pendingTurnInRewardRequest_ = false;
    questRequestItemsOpen_ = false;
    currentQuestRequestItems_ = QuestRequestItemsData{};
}

void GameHandler::chooseQuestReward(uint32_t rewardIndex) {
    if (!questOfferRewardOpen_ || state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    uint64_t npcGuid = currentQuestOfferReward_.npcGuid;
    LOG_INFO("Completing quest: questId=", currentQuestOfferReward_.questId,
             " npcGuid=", npcGuid, " rewardIndex=", rewardIndex);
    auto packet = QuestgiverChooseRewardPacket::build(
        npcGuid, currentQuestOfferReward_.questId, rewardIndex);
    socket->send(packet);
    pendingTurnInQuestId_ = 0;
    pendingTurnInNpcGuid_ = 0;
    pendingTurnInRewardRequest_ = false;
    questOfferRewardOpen_ = false;
    currentQuestOfferReward_ = QuestOfferRewardData{};

    // Re-query quest giver status so markers update
    if (npcGuid) {
        network::Packet qsPkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_QUESTGIVER_STATUS_QUERY));
        qsPkt.writeUInt64(npcGuid);
        socket->send(qsPkt);
    }
}

void GameHandler::closeQuestOfferReward() {
    pendingTurnInRewardRequest_ = false;
    questOfferRewardOpen_ = false;
    currentQuestOfferReward_ = QuestOfferRewardData{};
}

void GameHandler::closeGossip() {
    gossipWindowOpen = false;
    currentGossip = GossipMessageData{};
}

void GameHandler::offerQuestFromItem(uint64_t itemGuid, uint32_t questId) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    if (itemGuid == 0 || questId == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("Cannot start quest right now.");
        return;
    }
    // Send CMSG_QUESTGIVER_QUERY_QUEST with the item GUID as the "questgiver."
    // The server responds with SMSG_QUESTGIVER_QUEST_DETAILS which handleQuestDetails()
    // picks up and opens the Accept/Decline dialog.
    auto queryPkt = packetParsers_
        ? packetParsers_->buildQueryQuestPacket(itemGuid, questId)
        : QuestgiverQueryQuestPacket::build(itemGuid, questId);
    socket->send(queryPkt);
    LOG_INFO("offerQuestFromItem: itemGuid=0x", std::hex, itemGuid, std::dec,
             " questId=", questId);
}

uint64_t GameHandler::getBagItemGuid(int bagIndex, int slotIndex) const {
    if (bagIndex < 0 || bagIndex >= inventory.NUM_BAG_SLOTS) return 0;
    if (slotIndex < 0) return 0;
    uint64_t bagGuid = equipSlotGuids_[19 + bagIndex];
    if (bagGuid == 0) return 0;
    auto it = containerContents_.find(bagGuid);
    if (it == containerContents_.end()) return 0;
    if (slotIndex >= static_cast<int>(it->second.numSlots)) return 0;
    return it->second.slotGuids[slotIndex];
}

void GameHandler::openVendor(uint64_t npcGuid) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    buybackItems_.clear();
    auto packet = ListInventoryPacket::build(npcGuid);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::closeVendor() {
    vendorWindowOpen = false;
    currentVendorItems = ListInventoryData{};
    buybackItems_.clear();
    pendingSellToBuyback_.clear();
    pendingBuybackSlot_ = -1;
    pendingBuybackWireSlot_ = 0;
    pendingBuyItemId_ = 0;
    pendingBuyItemSlot_ = 0;
}

void GameHandler::buyItem(uint64_t vendorGuid, uint32_t itemId, uint32_t slot, uint32_t count) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    LOG_INFO("Buy request: vendorGuid=0x", std::hex, vendorGuid, std::dec,
             " itemId=", itemId, " slot=", slot, " count=", count,
             " wire=0x", std::hex, wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_BUY_ITEM), std::dec);
    pendingBuyItemId_ = itemId;
    pendingBuyItemSlot_ = slot;
    // Build directly to avoid helper-signature drift across branches (3-arg vs 4-arg helper).
    network::Packet packet(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_BUY_ITEM));
    packet.writeUInt64(vendorGuid);
    packet.writeUInt32(itemId); // item entry
    packet.writeUInt32(slot);   // vendor slot index
    packet.writeUInt32(count);
    // WotLK/AzerothCore expects a trailing byte; Classic/TBC do not
    const bool isWotLk = isActiveExpansion("wotlk");
    if (isWotLk) {
        packet.writeUInt8(0);
    }
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::buyBackItem(uint32_t buybackSlot) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket || currentVendorItems.vendorGuid == 0) return;
    // AzerothCore/WotLK expects absolute buyback inventory slot IDs, not 0-based UI row index.
    // BUYBACK_SLOT_START is 74 in this protocol family.
    constexpr uint32_t kBuybackSlotStart = 74;
    uint32_t wireSlot = kBuybackSlotStart + buybackSlot;
    // This request is independent from normal buy path; avoid stale pending buy context in logs.
    pendingBuyItemId_ = 0;
    pendingBuyItemSlot_ = 0;
    // Build directly so this compiles even when Opcode::CMSG_BUYBACK_ITEM / BuybackItemPacket
    // are not available in some branches.
    constexpr uint16_t kWotlkCmsgBuybackItemOpcode = 0x290;
    LOG_INFO("Buyback request: vendorGuid=0x", std::hex, currentVendorItems.vendorGuid,
             std::dec, " uiSlot=", buybackSlot, " wireSlot=", wireSlot,
             " source=absolute-buyback-slot",
             " wire=0x", std::hex, kWotlkCmsgBuybackItemOpcode, std::dec);
    pendingBuybackSlot_ = static_cast<int>(buybackSlot);
    pendingBuybackWireSlot_ = wireSlot;
    network::Packet packet(kWotlkCmsgBuybackItemOpcode);
    packet.writeUInt64(currentVendorItems.vendorGuid);
    packet.writeUInt32(wireSlot);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::repairItem(uint64_t vendorGuid, uint64_t itemGuid) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    // CMSG_REPAIR_ITEM: npcGuid(8) + itemGuid(8) + useGuildBank(uint8)
    network::Packet packet(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_REPAIR_ITEM));
    packet.writeUInt64(vendorGuid);
    packet.writeUInt64(itemGuid);
    packet.writeUInt8(0);  // do not use guild bank
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::repairAll(uint64_t vendorGuid, bool useGuildBank) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    // itemGuid = 0 signals "repair all equipped" to the server
    network::Packet packet(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_REPAIR_ITEM));
    packet.writeUInt64(vendorGuid);
    packet.writeUInt64(0);
    packet.writeUInt8(useGuildBank ? 1 : 0);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::sellItem(uint64_t vendorGuid, uint64_t itemGuid, uint32_t count) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    LOG_INFO("Sell request: vendorGuid=0x", std::hex, vendorGuid,
             " itemGuid=0x", itemGuid, std::dec,
             " count=", count, " wire=0x", std::hex, wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_SELL_ITEM), std::dec);
    auto packet = SellItemPacket::build(vendorGuid, itemGuid, count);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::sellItemBySlot(int backpackIndex) {
    if (backpackIndex < 0 || backpackIndex >= inventory.getBackpackSize()) return;
    const auto& slot = inventory.getBackpackSlot(backpackIndex);
    if (slot.empty()) return;

    uint32_t sellPrice = slot.item.sellPrice;
    if (sellPrice == 0) {
        if (auto* info = getItemInfo(slot.item.itemId); info && info->valid) {
            sellPrice = info->sellPrice;
        }
    }
    if (sellPrice == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("Cannot sell: this item has no vendor value.");
        return;
    }

    uint64_t itemGuid = backpackSlotGuids_[backpackIndex];
    if (itemGuid == 0) {
        itemGuid = resolveOnlineItemGuid(slot.item.itemId);
    }
    LOG_DEBUG("sellItemBySlot: slot=", backpackIndex,
              " item=", slot.item.name,
              " itemGuid=0x", std::hex, itemGuid, std::dec,
              " vendorGuid=0x", std::hex, currentVendorItems.vendorGuid, std::dec);
    if (itemGuid != 0 && currentVendorItems.vendorGuid != 0) {
        BuybackItem sold;
        sold.itemGuid = itemGuid;
        sold.item = slot.item;
        sold.count = 1;
        buybackItems_.push_front(sold);
        if (buybackItems_.size() > 12) buybackItems_.pop_back();
        pendingSellToBuyback_[itemGuid] = sold;
        sellItem(currentVendorItems.vendorGuid, itemGuid, 1);
    } else if (itemGuid == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("Cannot sell: item not found in inventory.");
        LOG_WARNING("Sell failed: missing item GUID for slot ", backpackIndex);
    } else {
        addSystemChatMessage("Cannot sell: no vendor.");
    }
}

void GameHandler::autoEquipItemBySlot(int backpackIndex) {
    if (backpackIndex < 0 || backpackIndex >= inventory.getBackpackSize()) return;
    const auto& slot = inventory.getBackpackSlot(backpackIndex);
    if (slot.empty()) return;

    if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD && socket) {
        // WoW inventory: equipment 0-18, bags 19-22, backpack 23-38
        auto packet = AutoEquipItemPacket::build(0xFF, static_cast<uint8_t>(23 + backpackIndex));
        socket->send(packet);
    }
}

void GameHandler::autoEquipItemInBag(int bagIndex, int slotIndex) {
    if (bagIndex < 0 || bagIndex >= inventory.NUM_BAG_SLOTS) return;
    if (slotIndex < 0 || slotIndex >= inventory.getBagSize(bagIndex)) return;

    if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD && socket) {
        // Bag items: bag = equip slot 19+bagIndex, slot = index within bag
        auto packet = AutoEquipItemPacket::build(
            static_cast<uint8_t>(19 + bagIndex), static_cast<uint8_t>(slotIndex));
        socket->send(packet);
    }
}

void GameHandler::sellItemInBag(int bagIndex, int slotIndex) {
    if (bagIndex < 0 || bagIndex >= inventory.NUM_BAG_SLOTS) return;
    if (slotIndex < 0 || slotIndex >= inventory.getBagSize(bagIndex)) return;
    const auto& slot = inventory.getBagSlot(bagIndex, slotIndex);
    if (slot.empty()) return;

    uint32_t sellPrice = slot.item.sellPrice;
    if (sellPrice == 0) {
        if (auto* info = getItemInfo(slot.item.itemId); info && info->valid) {
            sellPrice = info->sellPrice;
        }
    }
    if (sellPrice == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("Cannot sell: this item has no vendor value.");
        return;
    }

    // Resolve item GUID from container contents
    uint64_t itemGuid = 0;
    uint64_t bagGuid = equipSlotGuids_[19 + bagIndex];
    if (bagGuid != 0) {
        auto it = containerContents_.find(bagGuid);
        if (it != containerContents_.end() && slotIndex < static_cast<int>(it->second.numSlots)) {
            itemGuid = it->second.slotGuids[slotIndex];
        }
    }
    if (itemGuid == 0) {
        itemGuid = resolveOnlineItemGuid(slot.item.itemId);
    }

    if (itemGuid != 0 && currentVendorItems.vendorGuid != 0) {
        BuybackItem sold;
        sold.itemGuid = itemGuid;
        sold.item = slot.item;
        sold.count = 1;
        buybackItems_.push_front(sold);
        if (buybackItems_.size() > 12) buybackItems_.pop_back();
        pendingSellToBuyback_[itemGuid] = sold;
        sellItem(currentVendorItems.vendorGuid, itemGuid, 1);
    } else if (itemGuid == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("Cannot sell: item not found.");
    } else {
        addSystemChatMessage("Cannot sell: no vendor.");
    }
}

void GameHandler::unequipToBackpack(EquipSlot equipSlot) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;

    int freeSlot = inventory.findFreeBackpackSlot();
    if (freeSlot < 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("Cannot unequip: no free backpack slots.");
        return;
    }

    // Use SWAP_ITEM for cross-container moves. For inventory slots we address bag as 0xFF.
    uint8_t srcBag = 0xFF;
    uint8_t srcSlot = static_cast<uint8_t>(equipSlot);
    uint8_t dstBag = 0xFF;
    uint8_t dstSlot = static_cast<uint8_t>(23 + freeSlot);

    LOG_INFO("UnequipToBackpack: equipSlot=", (int)srcSlot,
             " -> backpackIndex=", freeSlot, " (dstSlot=", (int)dstSlot, ")");

    auto packet = SwapItemPacket::build(dstBag, dstSlot, srcBag, srcSlot);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::swapContainerItems(uint8_t srcBag, uint8_t srcSlot, uint8_t dstBag, uint8_t dstSlot) {
    if (!socket || !socket->isConnected()) return;
    LOG_INFO("swapContainerItems: src(bag=", (int)srcBag, " slot=", (int)srcSlot,
             ") -> dst(bag=", (int)dstBag, " slot=", (int)dstSlot, ")");
    auto packet = SwapItemPacket::build(dstBag, dstSlot, srcBag, srcSlot);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::swapBagSlots(int srcBagIndex, int dstBagIndex) {
    if (srcBagIndex < 0 || srcBagIndex > 3 || dstBagIndex < 0 || dstBagIndex > 3) return;
    if (srcBagIndex == dstBagIndex) return;

    // Local swap for immediate visual feedback
    auto srcEquip = static_cast<game::EquipSlot>(static_cast<int>(game::EquipSlot::BAG1) + srcBagIndex);
    auto dstEquip = static_cast<game::EquipSlot>(static_cast<int>(game::EquipSlot::BAG1) + dstBagIndex);
    auto srcItem = inventory.getEquipSlot(srcEquip).item;
    auto dstItem = inventory.getEquipSlot(dstEquip).item;
    inventory.setEquipSlot(srcEquip, dstItem);
    inventory.setEquipSlot(dstEquip, srcItem);

    // Also swap bag contents locally
    inventory.swapBagContents(srcBagIndex, dstBagIndex);

    // Send to server using CMSG_SWAP_ITEM with INVENTORY_SLOT_BAG_0 (255)
    // CMSG_SWAP_INV_ITEM doesn't support bag equip slots (19-22)
    if (socket && socket->isConnected()) {
        uint8_t srcSlot = static_cast<uint8_t>(19 + srcBagIndex);
        uint8_t dstSlot = static_cast<uint8_t>(19 + dstBagIndex);
        LOG_INFO("swapBagSlots: bag ", srcBagIndex, " (slot ", (int)srcSlot,
                 ") <-> bag ", dstBagIndex, " (slot ", (int)dstSlot, ")");
        auto packet = SwapItemPacket::build(255, dstSlot, 255, srcSlot);
        socket->send(packet);
    }
}

void GameHandler::destroyItem(uint8_t bag, uint8_t slot, uint8_t count) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    if (count == 0) count = 1;

    // AzerothCore WotLK expects CMSG_DESTROYITEM(bag:u8, slot:u8, count:u32).
    // This opcode is currently not modeled as a logical opcode in our table.
    constexpr uint16_t kCmsgDestroyItem = 0x111;
    network::Packet packet(kCmsgDestroyItem);
    packet.writeUInt8(bag);
    packet.writeUInt8(slot);
    packet.writeUInt32(static_cast<uint32_t>(count));
    LOG_DEBUG("Destroy item request: bag=", (int)bag, " slot=", (int)slot,
              " count=", (int)count, " wire=0x", std::hex, kCmsgDestroyItem, std::dec);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::useItemBySlot(int backpackIndex) {
    if (backpackIndex < 0 || backpackIndex >= inventory.getBackpackSize()) return;
    const auto& slot = inventory.getBackpackSlot(backpackIndex);
    if (slot.empty()) return;

    uint64_t itemGuid = backpackSlotGuids_[backpackIndex];
    if (itemGuid == 0) {
        itemGuid = resolveOnlineItemGuid(slot.item.itemId);
    }

    if (itemGuid != 0 && state == WorldState::IN_WORLD && socket) {
        // Find the item's on-use spell ID from cached item info
        uint32_t useSpellId = 0;
        if (auto* info = getItemInfo(slot.item.itemId)) {
            for (const auto& sp : info->spells) {
                // SpellTrigger: 0=Use, 5=Learn
                if (sp.spellId != 0 && (sp.spellTrigger == 0 || sp.spellTrigger == 5)) {
                    useSpellId = sp.spellId;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        // WoW inventory: equipment 0-18, bags 19-22, backpack 23-38
        auto packet = packetParsers_
            ? packetParsers_->buildUseItem(0xFF, static_cast<uint8_t>(23 + backpackIndex), itemGuid, useSpellId)
            : UseItemPacket::build(0xFF, static_cast<uint8_t>(23 + backpackIndex), itemGuid, useSpellId);
        socket->send(packet);
    } else if (itemGuid == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("Cannot use that item right now.");
    }
}

void GameHandler::useItemInBag(int bagIndex, int slotIndex) {
    if (bagIndex < 0 || bagIndex >= inventory.NUM_BAG_SLOTS) return;
    if (slotIndex < 0 || slotIndex >= inventory.getBagSize(bagIndex)) return;
    const auto& slot = inventory.getBagSlot(bagIndex, slotIndex);
    if (slot.empty()) return;

    // Resolve item GUID from container contents
    uint64_t itemGuid = 0;
    uint64_t bagGuid = equipSlotGuids_[19 + bagIndex];
    if (bagGuid != 0) {
        auto it = containerContents_.find(bagGuid);
        if (it != containerContents_.end() && slotIndex < static_cast<int>(it->second.numSlots)) {
            itemGuid = it->second.slotGuids[slotIndex];
        }
    }
    if (itemGuid == 0) {
        itemGuid = resolveOnlineItemGuid(slot.item.itemId);
    }

    LOG_INFO("useItemInBag: bag=", bagIndex, " slot=", slotIndex, " itemId=", slot.item.itemId,
             " itemGuid=0x", std::hex, itemGuid, std::dec);

    if (itemGuid != 0 && state == WorldState::IN_WORLD && socket) {
        // Find the item's on-use spell ID
        uint32_t useSpellId = 0;
        if (auto* info = getItemInfo(slot.item.itemId)) {
            for (const auto& sp : info->spells) {
                if (sp.spellId != 0 && (sp.spellTrigger == 0 || sp.spellTrigger == 5)) {
                    useSpellId = sp.spellId;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        // WoW bag addressing: bagIndex = equip slot of bag container (19-22)
        // For CMSG_USE_ITEM: bag = 19+bagIndex, slot = slot within bag
        uint8_t wowBag = static_cast<uint8_t>(19 + bagIndex);
        auto packet = packetParsers_
            ? packetParsers_->buildUseItem(wowBag, static_cast<uint8_t>(slotIndex), itemGuid, useSpellId)
            : UseItemPacket::build(wowBag, static_cast<uint8_t>(slotIndex), itemGuid, useSpellId);
        LOG_INFO("useItemInBag: sending CMSG_USE_ITEM, bag=", (int)wowBag, " slot=", slotIndex,
                 " packetSize=", packet.getSize());
        socket->send(packet);
    } else if (itemGuid == 0) {
        LOG_WARNING("Use item in bag failed: missing item GUID for bag ", bagIndex, " slot ", slotIndex);
        addSystemChatMessage("Cannot use that item right now.");
    }
}

void GameHandler::useItemById(uint32_t itemId) {
    if (itemId == 0) return;
    LOG_DEBUG("useItemById: searching for itemId=", itemId);
    // Search backpack first
    for (int i = 0; i < inventory.getBackpackSize(); i++) {
        const auto& slot = inventory.getBackpackSlot(i);
        if (!slot.empty() && slot.item.itemId == itemId) {
            LOG_DEBUG("useItemById: found itemId=", itemId, " at backpack slot ", i);
            useItemBySlot(i);
            return;
        }
    }
    // Search bags
    for (int bag = 0; bag < inventory.NUM_BAG_SLOTS; bag++) {
        int bagSize = inventory.getBagSize(bag);
        for (int slot = 0; slot < bagSize; slot++) {
            const auto& bagSlot = inventory.getBagSlot(bag, slot);
            if (!bagSlot.empty() && bagSlot.item.itemId == itemId) {
                LOG_DEBUG("useItemById: found itemId=", itemId, " in bag ", bag, " slot ", slot);
                useItemInBag(bag, slot);
                return;
            }
        }
    }
    LOG_WARNING("useItemById: itemId=", itemId, " not found in inventory");
}

void GameHandler::unstuck() {
    if (unstuckCallback_) {
        unstuckCallback_();
        addSystemChatMessage("Unstuck: snapped upward. Use /unstuckgy for full teleport.");
    }
}

void GameHandler::unstuckGy() {
    if (unstuckGyCallback_) {
        unstuckGyCallback_();
        addSystemChatMessage("Unstuck: teleported to safe location.");
    }
}

void GameHandler::unstuckHearth() {
    if (unstuckHearthCallback_) {
        unstuckHearthCallback_();
        addSystemChatMessage("Unstuck: teleported to hearthstone location.");
    } else {
        addSystemChatMessage("No hearthstone bind point set.");
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleLootResponse(network::Packet& packet) {
    // Classic 1.12 and TBC 2.4.3 use 14 bytes/item (no randomSuffix/randomProp fields);
    // WotLK 3.3.5a uses 22 bytes/item.
    const bool wotlkLoot = isActiveExpansion("wotlk");
    if (!LootResponseParser::parse(packet, currentLoot, wotlkLoot)) return;
    const bool hasLoot = !currentLoot.items.empty() || currentLoot.gold > 0;
    // If we're mid-gather-cast and got an empty loot response (premature CMSG_LOOT
    // before the node became lootable), ignore it — don't clear our gather state.
    if (!hasLoot && casting && currentCastSpellId != 0 && lastInteractedGoGuid_ != 0) {
        LOG_DEBUG("Ignoring empty SMSG_LOOT_RESPONSE during gather cast");
        return;
    }
    lootWindowOpen = true;
    lastInteractedGoGuid_ = 0; // loot opened — no need to re-send in handleSpellGo
    pendingGameObjectLootOpens_.erase(
        std::remove_if(pendingGameObjectLootOpens_.begin(), pendingGameObjectLootOpens_.end(),
                       [&](const PendingLootOpen& p) { return p.guid == currentLoot.lootGuid; }),
        pendingGameObjectLootOpens_.end());
    auto& localLoot = localLootState_[currentLoot.lootGuid];
    localLoot.data = currentLoot;

    // Query item info so loot window can show names instead of IDs
    for (const auto& item : currentLoot.items) {
        queryItemInfo(item.itemId, 0);
    }

    if (currentLoot.gold > 0) {
        if (state == WorldState::IN_WORLD && socket) {
            // Auto-loot gold by sending CMSG_LOOT_MONEY (server handles the rest)
            bool suppressFallback = false;
            auto cooldownIt = recentLootMoneyAnnounceCooldowns_.find(currentLoot.lootGuid);
            if (cooldownIt != recentLootMoneyAnnounceCooldowns_.end() && cooldownIt->second > 0.0f) {
                suppressFallback = true;
            }
            pendingLootMoneyGuid_ = suppressFallback ? 0 : currentLoot.lootGuid;
            pendingLootMoneyAmount_ = suppressFallback ? 0 : currentLoot.gold;
            pendingLootMoneyNotifyTimer_ = suppressFallback ? 0.0f : 0.4f;
            auto pkt = LootMoneyPacket::build();
            socket->send(pkt);
            currentLoot.gold = 0;
        }
    }

    // Auto-loot items when enabled
    if (autoLoot_ && state == WorldState::IN_WORLD && socket && !localLoot.itemAutoLootSent) {
        for (const auto& item : currentLoot.items) {
            auto pkt = AutostoreLootItemPacket::build(item.slotIndex);
            socket->send(pkt);
        }
        localLoot.itemAutoLootSent = true;
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleLootReleaseResponse(network::Packet& packet) {
    (void)packet;
    localLootState_.erase(currentLoot.lootGuid);
    lootWindowOpen = false;
    currentLoot = LootResponseData{};
}

void GameHandler::handleLootRemoved(network::Packet& packet) {
    uint8_t slotIndex = packet.readUInt8();
    for (auto it = currentLoot.items.begin(); it != currentLoot.items.end(); ++it) {
        if (it->slotIndex == slotIndex) {
            std::string itemName = "item #" + std::to_string(it->itemId);
            uint32_t quality = 1;
            if (const ItemQueryResponseData* info = getItemInfo(it->itemId)) {
                if (!info->name.empty()) itemName = info->name;
                quality = info->quality;
            }
            std::string link = buildItemLink(it->itemId, quality, itemName);
            std::string msgStr = "Looted: " + link;
            if (it->count > 1) msgStr += " x" + std::to_string(it->count);
            addSystemChatMessage(msgStr);
            if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
                if (auto* sfx = renderer->getUiSoundManager())
                    sfx->playLootItem();
            }
            currentLoot.items.erase(it);
            break;
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleGossipMessage(network::Packet& packet) {
    bool ok = packetParsers_ ? packetParsers_->parseGossipMessage(packet, currentGossip)
                             : GossipMessageParser::parse(packet, currentGossip);
    if (!ok) return;
    if (questDetailsOpen) return; // Don't reopen gossip while viewing quest
    gossipWindowOpen = true;
    vendorWindowOpen = false; // Close vendor if gossip opens

    // Update known quest-log entries based on gossip quests.
    // Do not synthesize new "active quest" entries from gossip alone.
    bool hasAvailableQuest = false;
    bool hasRewardQuest = false;
    bool hasIncompleteQuest = false;
    auto questIconIsCompletable = [](uint32_t icon) {
        return icon == 5 || icon == 6 || icon == 10;
    };
    auto questIconIsIncomplete = [](uint32_t icon) {
        return icon == 3 || icon == 4;
    };
    auto questIconIsAvailable = [](uint32_t icon) {
        return icon == 2 || icon == 7 || icon == 8;
    };

    for (const auto& questItem : currentGossip.quests) {
        // WotLK gossip questIcon is an integer enum, NOT a bitmask:
        //   2 = yellow !  (available, not yet accepted)
        //   4 = gray ?    (active, objectives incomplete)
        //   5 = gold ?    (complete, ready to turn in)
        // Bit-masking these values is wrong: 4 & 0x04 = true, treating incomplete
        // quests as completable and causing the server to reject the turn-in request.
        bool isCompletable = questIconIsCompletable(questItem.questIcon);
        bool isIncomplete  = questIconIsIncomplete(questItem.questIcon);
        bool isAvailable   = questIconIsAvailable(questItem.questIcon);

        hasAvailableQuest |= isAvailable;
        hasRewardQuest |= isCompletable;
        hasIncompleteQuest |= isIncomplete;

        // Update existing quest entry if present
        for (auto& quest : questLog_) {
            if (quest.questId == questItem.questId) {
                quest.complete = isCompletable;
                quest.title = questItem.title;
                LOG_INFO("Updated quest ", questItem.questId, " in log: complete=", isCompletable);
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    // Keep overhead marker aligned with what this gossip actually offers.
    if (currentGossip.npcGuid != 0) {
        QuestGiverStatus derivedStatus = QuestGiverStatus::NONE;
        if (hasRewardQuest) derivedStatus = QuestGiverStatus::REWARD;
        else if (hasAvailableQuest) derivedStatus = QuestGiverStatus::AVAILABLE;
        else if (hasIncompleteQuest) derivedStatus = QuestGiverStatus::INCOMPLETE;
        if (derivedStatus != QuestGiverStatus::NONE) {
            npcQuestStatus_[currentGossip.npcGuid] = derivedStatus;
        }
    }

    // Play NPC greeting voice
    if (npcGreetingCallback_ && currentGossip.npcGuid != 0) {
        auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(currentGossip.npcGuid);
        if (entity) {
            glm::vec3 npcPos(entity->getX(), entity->getY(), entity->getZ());
            npcGreetingCallback_(currentGossip.npcGuid, npcPos);
        }
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleQuestgiverQuestList(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) return;

    GossipMessageData data;
    data.npcGuid = packet.readUInt64();
    data.menuId = 0;
    data.titleTextId = 0;

    // Server text (header/greeting) and optional emote fields.
    std::string header = packet.readString();
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
        (void)packet.readUInt32(); // emoteDelay / unk
        (void)packet.readUInt32(); // emote / unk
    }
    (void)header;

    // questCount is uint8 in all WoW versions for SMSG_QUESTGIVER_QUEST_LIST.
    uint32_t questCount = 0;
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
        questCount = packet.readUInt8();
    }

    // Classic 1.12 and TBC 2.4.3 don't include questFlags(u32) + isRepeatable(u8)
    // before the quest title. WotLK 3.3.5a added those 5 bytes.
    const bool hasQuestFlagsField = !isClassicLikeExpansion() && !isActiveExpansion("tbc");

    data.quests.reserve(questCount);
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < questCount; ++i) {
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 12) break;
        GossipQuestItem q;
        q.questId = packet.readUInt32();
        q.questIcon = packet.readUInt32();
        q.questLevel = static_cast<int32_t>(packet.readUInt32());

        if (hasQuestFlagsField && packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 5) {
            q.questFlags = packet.readUInt32();
            q.isRepeatable = packet.readUInt8();
        } else {
            q.questFlags = 0;
            q.isRepeatable = 0;
        }
        q.title = normalizeWowTextTokens(packet.readString());
        if (q.questId != 0) {
            data.quests.push_back(std::move(q));
        }
    }

    currentGossip = std::move(data);
    gossipWindowOpen = true;
    vendorWindowOpen = false;

    bool hasAvailableQuest = false;
    bool hasRewardQuest = false;
    bool hasIncompleteQuest = false;
    auto questIconIsCompletable = [](uint32_t icon) {
        return icon == 5 || icon == 6 || icon == 10;
    };
    auto questIconIsIncomplete = [](uint32_t icon) {
        return icon == 3 || icon == 4;
    };
    auto questIconIsAvailable = [](uint32_t icon) {
        return icon == 2 || icon == 7 || icon == 8;
    };

    for (const auto& questItem : currentGossip.quests) {
        bool isCompletable = questIconIsCompletable(questItem.questIcon);
        bool isIncomplete  = questIconIsIncomplete(questItem.questIcon);
        bool isAvailable   = questIconIsAvailable(questItem.questIcon);
        hasAvailableQuest |= isAvailable;
        hasRewardQuest |= isCompletable;
        hasIncompleteQuest |= isIncomplete;
    }
    if (currentGossip.npcGuid != 0) {
        QuestGiverStatus derivedStatus = QuestGiverStatus::NONE;
        if (hasRewardQuest) derivedStatus = QuestGiverStatus::REWARD;
        else if (hasAvailableQuest) derivedStatus = QuestGiverStatus::AVAILABLE;
        else if (hasIncompleteQuest) derivedStatus = QuestGiverStatus::INCOMPLETE;
        if (derivedStatus != QuestGiverStatus::NONE) {
            npcQuestStatus_[currentGossip.npcGuid] = derivedStatus;
        }
    }

    LOG_INFO("Questgiver quest list: npc=0x", std::hex, currentGossip.npcGuid, std::dec,
             " quests=", currentGossip.quests.size());
}

void GameHandler::handleGossipComplete(network::Packet& packet) {
    (void)packet;

    // Play farewell sound before closing
    if (npcFarewellCallback_ && currentGossip.npcGuid != 0) {
        auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(currentGossip.npcGuid);
        if (entity && entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT) {
            glm::vec3 pos(entity->getX(), entity->getY(), entity->getZ());
            npcFarewellCallback_(currentGossip.npcGuid, pos);
        }
    }

    gossipWindowOpen = false;
    currentGossip = GossipMessageData{};
}

void GameHandler::handleListInventory(network::Packet& packet) {
    bool savedCanRepair = currentVendorItems.canRepair;  // preserve armorer flag set via gossip path
    if (!ListInventoryParser::parse(packet, currentVendorItems)) return;

    // Check NPC_FLAG_REPAIR (0x1000) on the vendor entity — this handles vendors that open
    // directly without going through the gossip armorer option.
    if (!savedCanRepair && currentVendorItems.vendorGuid != 0) {
        auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(currentVendorItems.vendorGuid);
        if (entity && entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT) {
            auto unit = std::static_pointer_cast<Unit>(entity);
            // MaNGOS/Trinity: UNIT_NPC_FLAG_REPAIR = 0x00001000.
            if (unit->getNpcFlags() & 0x1000) {
                savedCanRepair = true;
            }
        }
    }
    currentVendorItems.canRepair = savedCanRepair;
    vendorWindowOpen = true;
    gossipWindowOpen = false; // Close gossip if vendor opens

    // Auto-sell grey items if enabled
    if (autoSellGrey_ && currentVendorItems.vendorGuid != 0) {
        uint32_t totalSellPrice = 0;
        int itemsSold = 0;

        // Helper lambda to attempt selling a poor-quality slot
        auto tryAutoSell = [&](const ItemSlot& slot, uint64_t itemGuid) {
            if (slot.empty()) return;
            if (slot.item.quality != ItemQuality::POOR) return;
            // Determine sell price (slot cache first, then item info fallback)
            uint32_t sp = slot.item.sellPrice;
            if (sp == 0) {
                if (auto* info = getItemInfo(slot.item.itemId); info && info->valid)
                    sp = info->sellPrice;
            }
            if (sp == 0 || itemGuid == 0) return;
            BuybackItem sold;
            sold.itemGuid = itemGuid;
            sold.item = slot.item;
            sold.count = 1;
            buybackItems_.push_front(sold);
            if (buybackItems_.size() > 12) buybackItems_.pop_back();
            pendingSellToBuyback_[itemGuid] = sold;
            sellItem(currentVendorItems.vendorGuid, itemGuid, 1);
            totalSellPrice += sp;
            ++itemsSold;
        };

        // Backpack slots
        for (int i = 0; i < inventory.getBackpackSize(); ++i) {
            uint64_t guid = backpackSlotGuids_[i];
            if (guid == 0) guid = resolveOnlineItemGuid(inventory.getBackpackSlot(i).item.itemId);
            tryAutoSell(inventory.getBackpackSlot(i), guid);
        }

        // Extra bag slots
        for (int b = 0; b < inventory.NUM_BAG_SLOTS; ++b) {
            uint64_t bagGuid = equipSlotGuids_[19 + b];
            for (int s = 0; s < inventory.getBagSize(b); ++s) {
                uint64_t guid = 0;
                if (bagGuid != 0) {
                    auto it = containerContents_.find(bagGuid);
                    if (it != containerContents_.end() && s < static_cast<int>(it->second.numSlots))
                        guid = it->second.slotGuids[s];
                }
                if (guid == 0) guid = resolveOnlineItemGuid(inventory.getBagSlot(b, s).item.itemId);
                tryAutoSell(inventory.getBagSlot(b, s), guid);
            }
        }

        if (itemsSold > 0) {
            uint32_t gold = totalSellPrice / 10000;
            uint32_t silver = (totalSellPrice % 10000) / 100;
            uint32_t copper = totalSellPrice % 100;
            char buf[128];
            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                "|cffaaaaaaAuto-sold %d grey item%s for %ug %us %uc.|r",
                itemsSold, itemsSold == 1 ? "" : "s", gold, silver, copper);
            addSystemChatMessage(buf);
        }
    }

    // Auto-repair all items if enabled and vendor can repair
    if (autoRepair_ && currentVendorItems.canRepair && currentVendorItems.vendorGuid != 0) {
        // Check that at least one equipped item is actually damaged to avoid no-op
        bool anyDamaged = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < Inventory::NUM_EQUIP_SLOTS; ++i) {
            const auto& slot = inventory.getEquipSlot(static_cast<EquipSlot>(i));
            if (!slot.empty() && slot.item.maxDurability > 0
                    && slot.item.curDurability < slot.item.maxDurability) {
                anyDamaged = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (anyDamaged) {
            repairAll(currentVendorItems.vendorGuid, false);
            addSystemChatMessage("|cffaaaaaaAuto-repair triggered.|r");
        }
    }

    // Play vendor sound
    if (npcVendorCallback_ && currentVendorItems.vendorGuid != 0) {
        auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(currentVendorItems.vendorGuid);
        if (entity && entity->getType() == ObjectType::UNIT) {
            glm::vec3 pos(entity->getX(), entity->getY(), entity->getZ());
            npcVendorCallback_(currentVendorItems.vendorGuid, pos);
        }
    }

    // Query item info for all vendor items so we can show names
    for (const auto& item : currentVendorItems.items) {
        queryItemInfo(item.itemId, 0);
    }
}

// ============================================================
// Trainer
// ============================================================

void GameHandler::handleTrainerList(network::Packet& packet) {
    const bool isClassic = isClassicLikeExpansion();
    if (!TrainerListParser::parse(packet, currentTrainerList_, isClassic)) return;
    trainerWindowOpen_ = true;
    gossipWindowOpen = false;

    LOG_INFO("Trainer list: ", currentTrainerList_.spells.size(), " spells");
    LOG_DEBUG("Known spells count: ", knownSpells.size());
    if (knownSpells.size() <= 50) {
        std::string spellList;
        for (uint32_t id : knownSpells) {
            if (!spellList.empty()) spellList += ", ";
            spellList += std::to_string(id);
        }
        LOG_DEBUG("Known spells: ", spellList);
    }

    LOG_DEBUG("Prerequisite check: 527=", knownSpells.count(527u),
              " 25312=", knownSpells.count(25312u));
    for (size_t i = 0; i < std::min(size_t(5), currentTrainerList_.spells.size()); ++i) {
        const auto& s = currentTrainerList_.spells[i];
        LOG_DEBUG("  Spell[", i, "]: id=", s.spellId, " state=", (int)s.state,
                  " cost=", s.spellCost, " reqLvl=", (int)s.reqLevel,
                  " chain=(", s.chainNode1, ",", s.chainNode2, ",", s.chainNode3, ")");
    }


    // Ensure caches are populated
    loadSpellNameCache();
    loadSkillLineDbc();
    loadSkillLineAbilityDbc();
    categorizeTrainerSpells();
}

void GameHandler::trainSpell(uint32_t spellId) {
    LOG_INFO("trainSpell called: spellId=", spellId, " state=", (int)state, " socket=", (socket ? "yes" : "no"));
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("trainSpell: Not in world or no socket connection");
        return;
    }

    // Find spell cost in trainer list
    uint32_t spellCost = 0;
    for (const auto& spell : currentTrainerList_.spells) {
        if (spell.spellId == spellId) {
            spellCost = spell.spellCost;
            break;
        }
    }
    LOG_INFO("Player money: ", playerMoneyCopper_, " copper, spell cost: ", spellCost, " copper");

    LOG_INFO("Sending CMSG_TRAINER_BUY_SPELL: guid=", currentTrainerList_.trainerGuid,
             " spellId=", spellId);
    auto packet = TrainerBuySpellPacket::build(
        currentTrainerList_.trainerGuid,
        spellId);
    socket->send(packet);
    LOG_INFO("CMSG_TRAINER_BUY_SPELL sent");
}

void GameHandler::closeTrainer() {
    trainerWindowOpen_ = false;
    currentTrainerList_ = TrainerListData{};
    trainerTabs_.clear();
}

void GameHandler::loadSpellNameCache() {
    if (spellNameCacheLoaded_) return;
    spellNameCacheLoaded_ = true;

    auto* am = core::Application::getInstance().getAssetManager();
    if (!am || !am->isInitialized()) return;

    auto dbc = am->loadDBC("Spell.dbc");
    if (!dbc || !dbc->isLoaded()) {
        LOG_WARNING("Trainer: Could not load Spell.dbc for spell names");
        return;
    }

    // Classic 1.12 Spell.dbc has 148 fields; TBC/WotLK have more.
    // Require at least 148 so Classic trainers can resolve spell names.
    if (dbc->getFieldCount() < 148) {
        LOG_WARNING("Trainer: Spell.dbc has too few fields (", dbc->getFieldCount(), ")");
        return;
    }

    const auto* spellL = pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout() ? pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout()->getLayout("Spell") : nullptr;

    // Determine school field (bitmask for TBC/WotLK, enum for Classic/Vanilla)
    uint32_t schoolMaskField = 0, schoolEnumField = 0;
    bool hasSchoolMask = false, hasSchoolEnum = false;
    if (spellL) {
        uint32_t f = spellL->field("SchoolMask");
        if (f != 0xFFFFFFFF && f < dbc->getFieldCount()) { schoolMaskField = f; hasSchoolMask = true; }
        f = spellL->field("SchoolEnum");
        if (f != 0xFFFFFFFF && f < dbc->getFieldCount()) { schoolEnumField = f; hasSchoolEnum = true; }
    }

    // DispelType field (0=none,1=magic,2=curse,3=disease,4=poison,5=stealth,…)
    uint32_t dispelField = 0xFFFFFFFF;
    bool hasDispelField = false;
    if (spellL) {
        uint32_t f = spellL->field("DispelType");
        if (f != 0xFFFFFFFF && f < dbc->getFieldCount()) { dispelField = f; hasDispelField = true; }
    }

    // AttributesEx field (bit 4 = SPELL_ATTR_EX_NOT_INTERRUPTIBLE)
    uint32_t attrExField = 0xFFFFFFFF;
    bool hasAttrExField = false;
    if (spellL) {
        uint32_t f = spellL->field("AttributesEx");
        if (f != 0xFFFFFFFF && f < dbc->getFieldCount()) { attrExField = f; hasAttrExField = true; }
    }

    // Tooltip/description field
    uint32_t tooltipField = 0xFFFFFFFF;
    if (spellL) {
        uint32_t f = spellL->field("Tooltip");
        if (f != 0xFFFFFFFF && f < dbc->getFieldCount()) tooltipField = f;
    }

    uint32_t count = dbc->getRecordCount();
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        uint32_t id = dbc->getUInt32(i, spellL ? (*spellL)["ID"] : 0);
        if (id == 0) continue;
        std::string name = dbc->getString(i, spellL ? (*spellL)["Name"] : 136);
        std::string rank = dbc->getString(i, spellL ? (*spellL)["Rank"] : 153);
        if (!name.empty()) {
            SpellNameEntry entry{std::move(name), std::move(rank), {}, 0, 0, 0};
            if (tooltipField != 0xFFFFFFFF) {
                entry.description = dbc->getString(i, tooltipField);
            }
            if (hasSchoolMask) {
                entry.schoolMask = dbc->getUInt32(i, schoolMaskField);
            } else if (hasSchoolEnum) {
                // Classic/Vanilla enum: 0=Physical,1=Holy,2=Fire,3=Nature,4=Frost,5=Shadow,6=Arcane
                static const uint32_t enumToBitmask[] = {0x01,0x02,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x40};
                uint32_t e = dbc->getUInt32(i, schoolEnumField);
                entry.schoolMask = (e < 7) ? enumToBitmask[e] : 0;
            }
            if (hasDispelField) {
                entry.dispelType = static_cast<uint8_t>(dbc->getUInt32(i, dispelField));
            }
            if (hasAttrExField) {
                entry.attrEx = dbc->getUInt32(i, attrExField);
            }
            spellNameCache_[id] = std::move(entry);
        }
    }
    LOG_INFO("Trainer: Loaded ", spellNameCache_.size(), " spell names from Spell.dbc");
}

void GameHandler::loadSkillLineAbilityDbc() {
    if (skillLineAbilityLoaded_) return;
    skillLineAbilityLoaded_ = true;

    auto* am = core::Application::getInstance().getAssetManager();
    if (!am || !am->isInitialized()) return;

    auto slaDbc = am->loadDBC("SkillLineAbility.dbc");
    if (slaDbc && slaDbc->isLoaded()) {
        const auto* slaL = pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout() ? pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout()->getLayout("SkillLineAbility") : nullptr;
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < slaDbc->getRecordCount(); i++) {
            uint32_t skillLineId = slaDbc->getUInt32(i, slaL ? (*slaL)["SkillLineID"] : 1);
            uint32_t spellId = slaDbc->getUInt32(i, slaL ? (*slaL)["SpellID"] : 2);
            if (spellId > 0 && skillLineId > 0) {
                spellToSkillLine_[spellId] = skillLineId;
            }
        }
        LOG_INFO("Trainer: Loaded ", spellToSkillLine_.size(), " skill line abilities");
    }
}

void GameHandler::categorizeTrainerSpells() {
    trainerTabs_.clear();

    static constexpr uint32_t SKILLLINE_CATEGORY_CLASS = 7;

    // Group spells by skill line (category 7 = class spec tabs)
    std::map<uint32_t, std::vector<const TrainerSpell*>> specialtySpells;
    std::vector<const TrainerSpell*> generalSpells;

    for (const auto& spell : currentTrainerList_.spells) {
        auto slIt = spellToSkillLine_.find(spell.spellId);
        if (slIt != spellToSkillLine_.end()) {
            uint32_t skillLineId = slIt->second;
            auto catIt = skillLineCategories_.find(skillLineId);
            if (catIt != skillLineCategories_.end() && catIt->second == SKILLLINE_CATEGORY_CLASS) {
                specialtySpells[skillLineId].push_back(&spell);
                continue;
            }
        }
        generalSpells.push_back(&spell);
    }

    // Sort by spell name within each group
    auto byName = [this](const TrainerSpell* a, const TrainerSpell* b) {
        return getSpellName(a->spellId) < getSpellName(b->spellId);
    };

    // Build named tabs sorted alphabetically
    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::vector<const TrainerSpell*>>> named;
    for (auto& [skillLineId, spells] : specialtySpells) {
        auto nameIt = skillLineNames_.find(skillLineId);
        std::string tabName = (nameIt != skillLineNames_.end()) ? nameIt->second : "Specialty";
        std::sort(spells.begin(), spells.end(), byName);
        named.push_back({std::move(tabName), std::move(spells)});
    }
    std::sort(named.begin(), named.end(),
        [](const auto& a, const auto& b) { return a.first < b.first; });

    for (auto& [name, spells] : named) {
        trainerTabs_.push_back({std::move(name), std::move(spells)});
    }

    // General tab last
    if (!generalSpells.empty()) {
        std::sort(generalSpells.begin(), generalSpells.end(), byName);
        trainerTabs_.push_back({"General", std::move(generalSpells)});
    }

    LOG_INFO("Trainer: Categorized into ", trainerTabs_.size(), " tabs");
}

void GameHandler::loadTalentDbc() {
    if (talentDbcLoaded_) return;
    talentDbcLoaded_ = true;

    auto* am = core::Application::getInstance().getAssetManager();
    if (!am || !am->isInitialized()) return;

    // Load Talent.dbc
    auto talentDbc = am->loadDBC("Talent.dbc");
    if (talentDbc && talentDbc->isLoaded()) {
        // Talent.dbc structure (WoW 3.3.5a):
        // 0: TalentID
        // 1: TalentTabID
        // 2: Row (tier)
        // 3: Column
        // 4-8: RankID[0-4] (spell IDs for ranks 1-5)
        // 9-11: PrereqTalent[0-2]
        // 12-14: PrereqRank[0-2]
        // (other fields less relevant for basic functionality)

        const auto* talL = pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout() ? pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout()->getLayout("Talent") : nullptr;
        const uint32_t tID = talL ? (*talL)["ID"] : 0;
        const uint32_t tTabID = talL ? (*talL)["TabID"] : 1;
        const uint32_t tRow = talL ? (*talL)["Row"] : 2;
        const uint32_t tCol = talL ? (*talL)["Column"] : 3;
        const uint32_t tRank0 = talL ? (*talL)["RankSpell0"] : 4;
        const uint32_t tPrereq0 = talL ? (*talL)["PrereqTalent0"] : 9;
        const uint32_t tPrereqR0 = talL ? (*talL)["PrereqRank0"] : 12;

        uint32_t count = talentDbc->getRecordCount();
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
            TalentEntry entry;
            entry.talentId = talentDbc->getUInt32(i, tID);
            if (entry.talentId == 0) continue;

            entry.tabId = talentDbc->getUInt32(i, tTabID);
            entry.row = static_cast<uint8_t>(talentDbc->getUInt32(i, tRow));
            entry.column = static_cast<uint8_t>(talentDbc->getUInt32(i, tCol));

            // Rank spells (1-5 ranks)
            for (int r = 0; r < 5; ++r) {
                entry.rankSpells[r] = talentDbc->getUInt32(i, tRank0 + r);
            }

            // Prerequisites
            for (int p = 0; p < 3; ++p) {
                entry.prereqTalent[p] = talentDbc->getUInt32(i, tPrereq0 + p);
                entry.prereqRank[p] = static_cast<uint8_t>(talentDbc->getUInt32(i, tPrereqR0 + p));
            }

            // Calculate max rank
            entry.maxRank = 0;
            for (int r = 0; r < 5; ++r) {
                if (entry.rankSpells[r] != 0) {
                    entry.maxRank = r + 1;
                }
            }

            talentCache_[entry.talentId] = entry;
        }
        LOG_INFO("Loaded ", talentCache_.size(), " talents from Talent.dbc");
    } else {
        LOG_WARNING("Could not load Talent.dbc");
    }

    // Load TalentTab.dbc
    auto tabDbc = am->loadDBC("TalentTab.dbc");
    if (tabDbc && tabDbc->isLoaded()) {
        // TalentTab.dbc structure (WoW 3.3.5a):
        // 0: TalentTabID
        // 1-17: Name (16 localized strings + flags = 17 fields)
        // 18: SpellIconID
        // 19: RaceMask
        // 20: ClassMask
        // 21: PetTalentMask
        // 22: OrderIndex
        // 23-39: BackgroundFile (16 localized strings + flags = 17 fields)

        const auto* ttL = pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout() ? pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout()->getLayout("TalentTab") : nullptr;
        uint32_t count = tabDbc->getRecordCount();
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
            TalentTabEntry entry;
            entry.tabId = tabDbc->getUInt32(i, ttL ? (*ttL)["ID"] : 0);
            if (entry.tabId == 0) continue;

            entry.name = tabDbc->getString(i, ttL ? (*ttL)["Name"] : 1);
            entry.classMask = tabDbc->getUInt32(i, ttL ? (*ttL)["ClassMask"] : 20);
            entry.orderIndex = static_cast<uint8_t>(tabDbc->getUInt32(i, ttL ? (*ttL)["OrderIndex"] : 22));
            entry.backgroundFile = tabDbc->getString(i, ttL ? (*ttL)["BackgroundFile"] : 23);

            talentTabCache_[entry.tabId] = entry;

            // Log first few tabs to debug class mask issue
            if (talentTabCache_.size() <= 10) {
                LOG_INFO("  Tab ", entry.tabId, ": ", entry.name, " (classMask=0x", std::hex, entry.classMask, std::dec, ")");
            }
        }
        LOG_INFO("Loaded ", talentTabCache_.size(), " talent tabs from TalentTab.dbc");
    } else {
        LOG_WARNING("Could not load TalentTab.dbc");
    }
}

static const std::string EMPTY_STRING;

const std::string& GameHandler::getSpellName(uint32_t spellId) const {
    auto it = spellNameCache_.find(spellId);
    return (it != spellNameCache_.end()) ? it->second.name : EMPTY_STRING;
}

const std::string& GameHandler::getSpellRank(uint32_t spellId) const {
    auto it = spellNameCache_.find(spellId);
    return (it != spellNameCache_.end()) ? it->second.rank : EMPTY_STRING;
}

const std::string& GameHandler::getSpellDescription(uint32_t spellId) const {
    const_cast<GameHandler*>(this)->loadSpellNameCache();
    auto it = spellNameCache_.find(spellId);
    return (it != spellNameCache_.end()) ? it->second.description : EMPTY_STRING;
}

uint8_t GameHandler::getSpellDispelType(uint32_t spellId) const {
    const_cast<GameHandler*>(this)->loadSpellNameCache();
    auto it = spellNameCache_.find(spellId);
    return (it != spellNameCache_.end()) ? it->second.dispelType : 0;
}

bool GameHandler::isSpellInterruptible(uint32_t spellId) const {
    if (spellId == 0) return true;
    const_cast<GameHandler*>(this)->loadSpellNameCache();
    auto it = spellNameCache_.find(spellId);
    if (it == spellNameCache_.end()) return true;  // assume interruptible if unknown
    // SPELL_ATTR_EX_NOT_INTERRUPTIBLE = bit 4 of AttributesEx (0x00000010)
    return (it->second.attrEx & 0x00000010u) == 0;
}

uint32_t GameHandler::getSpellSchoolMask(uint32_t spellId) const {
    if (spellId == 0) return 0;
    const_cast<GameHandler*>(this)->loadSpellNameCache();
    auto it = spellNameCache_.find(spellId);
    return (it != spellNameCache_.end()) ? it->second.schoolMask : 0;
}

const std::string& GameHandler::getSkillLineName(uint32_t spellId) const {
    auto slIt = spellToSkillLine_.find(spellId);
    if (slIt == spellToSkillLine_.end()) return EMPTY_STRING;
    auto nameIt = skillLineNames_.find(slIt->second);
    return (nameIt != skillLineNames_.end()) ? nameIt->second : EMPTY_STRING;
}

// ============================================================
// Single-player local combat
// ============================================================








// ============================================================
// XP tracking
// ============================================================

// WotLK 3.3.5a XP-to-next-level table (from player_xp_for_level)
static const uint32_t XP_TABLE[] = {
    0,       // level 0 (unused)
    400,     900,     1400,    2100,    2800,    3600,    4500,    5400,    6500,    7600,     // 1-10
    8700,    9800,    11000,   12300,   13600,   15000,   16400,   17800,   19300,   20800,    // 11-20
    22400,   24000,   25500,   27200,   28900,   30500,   32200,   33900,   36300,   38800,    // 21-30
    41600,   44600,   48000,   51400,   55000,   58700,   62400,   66200,   70200,   74300,    // 31-40
    78500,   82800,   87100,   91600,   96300,   101000,  105800,  110700,  115700,  120900,   // 41-50
    126100,  131500,  137000,  142500,  148200,  154000,  159900,  165800,  172000,  290000,   // 51-60
    317000,  349000,  386000,  428000,  475000,  527000,  585000,  648000,  717000,  1523800,  // 61-70
    1539600, 1555700, 1571800, 1587900, 1604200, 1620700, 1637400, 1653900, 1670800           // 71-79
};
static constexpr uint32_t XP_TABLE_SIZE = sizeof(XP_TABLE) / sizeof(XP_TABLE[0]);

uint32_t GameHandler::xpForLevel(uint32_t level) {
    if (level == 0 || level >= XP_TABLE_SIZE) return 0;
    return XP_TABLE[level];
}

uint32_t GameHandler::killXp(uint32_t playerLevel, uint32_t victimLevel) {
    if (playerLevel == 0 || victimLevel == 0) return 0;

    // Gray level check (too low = 0 XP)
    int32_t grayLevel;
    if (playerLevel <= 5)        grayLevel = 0;
    else if (playerLevel <= 39)  grayLevel = static_cast<int32_t>(playerLevel) - 5 - static_cast<int32_t>(playerLevel) / 10;
    else if (playerLevel <= 59)  grayLevel = static_cast<int32_t>(playerLevel) - 1 - static_cast<int32_t>(playerLevel) / 5;
    else                         grayLevel = static_cast<int32_t>(playerLevel) - 9;

    if (static_cast<int32_t>(victimLevel) <= grayLevel) return 0;

    // Base XP = 45 + 5 * victimLevel (WoW-like ZeroDifference formula)
    uint32_t baseXp = 45 + 5 * victimLevel;

    // Level difference multiplier
    int32_t diff = static_cast<int32_t>(victimLevel) - static_cast<int32_t>(playerLevel);
    float multiplier = 1.0f + diff * 0.05f;
    if (multiplier < 0.1f) multiplier = 0.1f;
    if (multiplier > 2.0f) multiplier = 2.0f;

    return static_cast<uint32_t>(baseXp * multiplier);
}



void GameHandler::handleXpGain(network::Packet& packet) {
    XpGainData data;
    if (!XpGainParser::parse(packet, data)) return;

    // Server already updates PLAYER_XP via update fields,
    // but we can show combat text for XP gains
    addCombatText(CombatTextEntry::XP_GAIN, static_cast<int32_t>(data.totalXp), 0, true);

    std::string msg = "You gain " + std::to_string(data.totalXp) + " experience.";
    if (data.groupBonus > 0) {
        msg += " (+" + std::to_string(data.groupBonus) + " group bonus)";
    }
    addSystemChatMessage(msg);
}


void GameHandler::addMoneyCopper(uint32_t amount) {
    if (amount == 0) return;
    playerMoneyCopper_ += amount;
    uint32_t gold = amount / 10000;
    uint32_t silver = (amount / 100) % 100;
    uint32_t copper = amount % 100;
    std::string msg = "You receive ";
    msg += std::to_string(gold) + "g ";
    msg += std::to_string(silver) + "s ";
    msg += std::to_string(copper) + "c.";
    addSystemChatMessage(msg);
}

void GameHandler::addSystemChatMessage(const std::string& message) {
    if (message.empty()) return;
    MessageChatData msg;
    msg.type = ChatType::SYSTEM;
    msg.language = ChatLanguage::UNIVERSAL;
    msg.message = message;
    addLocalChatMessage(msg);
}

// ============================================================
// Teleport Handler
// ============================================================

void GameHandler::handleTeleportAck(network::Packet& packet) {
    // MSG_MOVE_TELEPORT_ACK (server→client):
    // WotLK: packed GUID + u32 counter + u32 time + movement info with new position
    // TBC/Classic: uint64 + u32 counter + u32 time + movement info
    const bool taTbc = isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc");
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < (taTbc ? 8u : 4u)) {
        LOG_WARNING("MSG_MOVE_TELEPORT_ACK too short");
        return;
    }

    uint64_t guid = taTbc
        ? packet.readUInt64() : UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) return;
    uint32_t counter = packet.readUInt32();

    // Read the movement info embedded in the teleport.
    // WotLK: moveFlags(4) + moveFlags2(2) + time(4) + x(4) + y(4) + z(4) + o(4) = 26 bytes
    // Classic 1.12 / TBC 2.4.3: moveFlags(4) + time(4) + x(4) + y(4) + z(4) + o(4) = 24 bytes
    // (Classic and TBC have no moveFlags2 field in movement packets)
    const bool taNoFlags2 = isClassicLikeExpansion() || isActiveExpansion("tbc");
    const size_t minMoveSz = taNoFlags2 ? (4 + 4 + 4 * 4) : (4 + 2 + 4 + 4 * 4);
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < minMoveSz) {
        LOG_WARNING("MSG_MOVE_TELEPORT_ACK: not enough data for movement info");
        return;
    }

    packet.readUInt32();  // moveFlags
    if (!taNoFlags2)
        packet.readUInt16();  // moveFlags2 (WotLK only)
    uint32_t moveTime = packet.readUInt32();
    float serverX = packet.readFloat();
    float serverY = packet.readFloat();
    float serverZ = packet.readFloat();
    float orientation = packet.readFloat();

    LOG_INFO("MSG_MOVE_TELEPORT_ACK: guid=0x", std::hex, guid, std::dec,
             " counter=", counter,
             " pos=(", serverX, ", ", serverY, ", ", serverZ, ")");

    // Update our position
    glm::vec3 canonical = core::coords::serverToCanonical(glm::vec3(serverX, serverY, serverZ));
    movementInfo.x = canonical.x;
    movementInfo.y = canonical.y;
    movementInfo.z = canonical.z;
    movementInfo.orientation = core::coords::serverToCanonicalYaw(orientation);
    movementInfo.flags = 0;

    // Send the ack back to the server
    // Client→server MSG_MOVE_TELEPORT_ACK: u64 guid + u32 counter + u32 time
    // Classic/TBC use full uint64 GUID; WotLK uses packed GUID.
    if (socket) {
        network::Packet ack(wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_TELEPORT_ACK));
        const bool legacyGuidAck =
            isActiveExpansion("classic") || isActiveExpansion("tbc") || isActiveExpansion("turtle");
        if (legacyGuidAck) {
            ack.writeUInt64(playerGuid);  // CMaNGOS/VMaNGOS expects full GUID for Classic/TBC
        } else {
            MovementPacket::writePackedGuid(ack, playerGuid);
        }
        ack.writeUInt32(counter);
        ack.writeUInt32(moveTime);
        socket->send(ack);
        LOG_INFO("Sent MSG_MOVE_TELEPORT_ACK response");
    }

    // Notify application of teleport — the callback decides whether to do
    // a full world reload (map change) or just update position (same map).
    if (worldEntryCallback_) {
        worldEntryCallback_(currentMapId_, serverX, serverY, serverZ, false);
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleNewWorld(network::Packet& packet) {
    // SMSG_NEW_WORLD: uint32 mapId, float x, y, z, orientation
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 20) {
        LOG_WARNING("SMSG_NEW_WORLD too short");
        return;
    }

    uint32_t mapId = packet.readUInt32();
    float serverX = packet.readFloat();
    float serverY = packet.readFloat();
    float serverZ = packet.readFloat();
    float orientation = packet.readFloat();

    LOG_INFO("SMSG_NEW_WORLD: mapId=", mapId,
             " pos=(", serverX, ", ", serverY, ", ", serverZ, ")",
             " orient=", orientation);

    // Detect same-map spirit healer resurrection: the server uses SMSG_NEW_WORLD
    // to reposition the player at the graveyard on the same map.  A full world
    // reload is not needed and causes terrain to vanish, making the player fall
    // forever.  Just reposition and send the ack.
    const bool isSameMap       = (mapId == currentMapId_);
    const bool isResurrection  = resurrectPending_;
    if (isSameMap && isResurrection) {
        LOG_INFO("SMSG_NEW_WORLD same-map resurrection — skipping world reload");

        glm::vec3 canonical = core::coords::serverToCanonical(glm::vec3(serverX, serverY, serverZ));
        movementInfo.x = canonical.x;
        movementInfo.y = canonical.y;
        movementInfo.z = canonical.z;
        movementInfo.orientation = core::coords::serverToCanonicalYaw(orientation);
        movementInfo.flags  = 0;
        movementInfo.flags2 = 0;

        resurrectPending_       = false;
        resurrectRequestPending_ = false;
        releasedSpirit_         = false;
        playerDead_             = false;
        repopPending_           = false;
        pendingSpiritHealerGuid_ = 0;
        resurrectCasterGuid_    = 0;
        corpseMapId_            = 0;
        corpseGuid_             = 0;
        hostileAttackers_.clear();
        stopAutoAttack();
        tabCycleStale = true;

        if (socket) {
            network::Packet ack(wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_WORLDPORT_ACK));
            socket->send(ack);
            LOG_INFO("Sent MSG_MOVE_WORLDPORT_ACK (resurrection)");
        }
        return;
    }

    currentMapId_ = mapId;
    if (socket) {
        socket->tracePacketsFor(std::chrono::seconds(12), "new_world");
    }

    // Update player position
    glm::vec3 canonical = core::coords::serverToCanonical(glm::vec3(serverX, serverY, serverZ));
    movementInfo.x = canonical.x;
    movementInfo.y = canonical.y;
    movementInfo.z = canonical.z;
    movementInfo.orientation = core::coords::serverToCanonicalYaw(orientation);
    movementInfo.flags = 0;
    movementInfo.flags2 = 0;
    serverMovementAllowed_ = true;
    resurrectPending_ = false;
    resurrectRequestPending_ = false;
    onTaxiFlight_ = false;
    taxiMountActive_ = false;
    taxiActivatePending_ = false;
    taxiClientActive_ = false;
    taxiClientPath_.clear();
    taxiRecoverPending_ = false;
    taxiStartGrace_ = 0.0f;
    currentMountDisplayId_ = 0;
    taxiMountDisplayId_ = 0;
    if (mountCallback_) {
        mountCallback_(0);
    }

    // Clear world state for the new map
    entityManager.clear();
    hostileAttackers_.clear();
    worldStates_.clear();
    // Quest POI markers are map-specific; remove those that don't apply to the new map.
    // Markers without a questId tag (data==0) are gossip-window POIs — keep them cleared
    // here since gossipWindowOpen is reset on teleport anyway.
    gossipPois_.clear();
    worldStateMapId_ = mapId;
    worldStateZoneId_ = 0;
    activeAreaTriggers_.clear();
    areaTriggerCheckTimer_ = -5.0f;  // 5-second cooldown after map transfer
    areaTriggerSuppressFirst_ = true;  // first check just marks active triggers, doesn't fire
    stopAutoAttack();
    casting = false;
    castIsChannel = false;
    currentCastSpellId = 0;
    pendingGameObjectInteractGuid_ = 0;
    lastInteractedGoGuid_ = 0;
    castTimeRemaining = 0.0f;

    // Send MSG_MOVE_WORLDPORT_ACK to tell the server we're ready
    if (socket) {
        network::Packet ack(wireOpcode(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_WORLDPORT_ACK));
        socket->send(ack);
        LOG_INFO("Sent MSG_MOVE_WORLDPORT_ACK");
    }

    timeSinceLastPing = 0.0f;
    if (socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("World transfer keepalive: sending immediate ping after MSG_MOVE_WORLDPORT_ACK");
        sendPing();
    }

    // Reload terrain at new position.
    // Pass isSameMap as isInitialEntry so the application despawns and
    // re-registers renderer instances before the server resends CREATE_OBJECTs.
    // Without this, same-map SMSG_NEW_WORLD (dungeon wing teleporters, etc.)
    // leaves zombie renderer instances that block fresh entity spawns.
    if (worldEntryCallback_) {
        worldEntryCallback_(mapId, serverX, serverY, serverZ, isSameMap);
    }
}

// ============================================================
// Taxi / Flight Path Handlers
// ============================================================

void GameHandler::loadTaxiDbc() {
    if (taxiDbcLoaded_) return;
    taxiDbcLoaded_ = true;

    auto* am = core::Application::getInstance().getAssetManager();
    if (!am || !am->isInitialized()) return;

    auto nodesDbc = am->loadDBC("TaxiNodes.dbc");
    if (nodesDbc && nodesDbc->isLoaded()) {
        const auto* tnL = pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout() ? pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout()->getLayout("TaxiNodes") : nullptr;
        uint32_t fieldCount = nodesDbc->getFieldCount();
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nodesDbc->getRecordCount(); i++) {
            TaxiNode node;
            node.id = nodesDbc->getUInt32(i, tnL ? (*tnL)["ID"] : 0);
            node.mapId = nodesDbc->getUInt32(i, tnL ? (*tnL)["MapID"] : 1);
            node.x = nodesDbc->getFloat(i, tnL ? (*tnL)["X"] : 2);
            node.y = nodesDbc->getFloat(i, tnL ? (*tnL)["Y"] : 3);
            node.z = nodesDbc->getFloat(i, tnL ? (*tnL)["Z"] : 4);
            node.name = nodesDbc->getString(i, tnL ? (*tnL)["Name"] : 5);
            const uint32_t mountAllianceField = tnL ? (*tnL)["MountDisplayIdAlliance"] : 22;
            const uint32_t mountHordeField = tnL ? (*tnL)["MountDisplayIdHorde"] : 23;
            const uint32_t mountAllianceFB = tnL ? (*tnL)["MountDisplayIdAllianceFallback"] : 20;
            const uint32_t mountHordeFB = tnL ? (*tnL)["MountDisplayIdHordeFallback"] : 21;
            if (fieldCount > mountHordeField) {
                node.mountDisplayIdAlliance = nodesDbc->getUInt32(i, mountAllianceField);
                node.mountDisplayIdHorde = nodesDbc->getUInt32(i, mountHordeField);
                if (node.mountDisplayIdAlliance == 0 && node.mountDisplayIdHorde == 0 && fieldCount > mountHordeFB) {
                    node.mountDisplayIdAlliance = nodesDbc->getUInt32(i, mountAllianceFB);
                    node.mountDisplayIdHorde = nodesDbc->getUInt32(i, mountHordeFB);
                }
            }
            uint32_t nodeId = node.id;
            if (nodeId > 0) {
                taxiNodes_[nodeId] = std::move(node);
            }
            if (nodeId == 195) {
                std::string fields;
                for (uint32_t f = 0; f < fieldCount; f++) {
                    fields += std::to_string(f) + ":" + std::to_string(nodesDbc->getUInt32(i, f)) + " ";
                }
                LOG_INFO("TaxiNodes[195] fields: ", fields);
            }
        }
        LOG_INFO("Loaded ", taxiNodes_.size(), " taxi nodes from TaxiNodes.dbc");
    } else {
        LOG_WARNING("Could not load TaxiNodes.dbc");
    }

    auto pathDbc = am->loadDBC("TaxiPath.dbc");
    if (pathDbc && pathDbc->isLoaded()) {
        const auto* tpL = pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout() ? pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout()->getLayout("TaxiPath") : nullptr;
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pathDbc->getRecordCount(); i++) {
            TaxiPathEdge edge;
            edge.pathId = pathDbc->getUInt32(i, tpL ? (*tpL)["ID"] : 0);
            edge.fromNode = pathDbc->getUInt32(i, tpL ? (*tpL)["FromNode"] : 1);
            edge.toNode = pathDbc->getUInt32(i, tpL ? (*tpL)["ToNode"] : 2);
            edge.cost = pathDbc->getUInt32(i, tpL ? (*tpL)["Cost"] : 3);
            taxiPathEdges_.push_back(edge);
        }
        LOG_INFO("Loaded ", taxiPathEdges_.size(), " taxi path edges from TaxiPath.dbc");
    } else {
        LOG_WARNING("Could not load TaxiPath.dbc");
    }

    auto pathNodeDbc = am->loadDBC("TaxiPathNode.dbc");
    if (pathNodeDbc && pathNodeDbc->isLoaded()) {
        const auto* tpnL = pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout() ? pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout()->getLayout("TaxiPathNode") : nullptr;
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pathNodeDbc->getRecordCount(); i++) {
            TaxiPathNode node;
            node.id = pathNodeDbc->getUInt32(i, tpnL ? (*tpnL)["ID"] : 0);
            node.pathId = pathNodeDbc->getUInt32(i, tpnL ? (*tpnL)["PathID"] : 1);
            node.nodeIndex = pathNodeDbc->getUInt32(i, tpnL ? (*tpnL)["NodeIndex"] : 2);
            node.mapId = pathNodeDbc->getUInt32(i, tpnL ? (*tpnL)["MapID"] : 3);
            node.x = pathNodeDbc->getFloat(i, tpnL ? (*tpnL)["X"] : 4);
            node.y = pathNodeDbc->getFloat(i, tpnL ? (*tpnL)["Y"] : 5);
            node.z = pathNodeDbc->getFloat(i, tpnL ? (*tpnL)["Z"] : 6);
            taxiPathNodes_[node.pathId].push_back(node);
        }
        // Sort waypoints by nodeIndex for each path
        for (auto& [pathId, nodes] : taxiPathNodes_) {
            std::sort(nodes.begin(), nodes.end(),
                [](const TaxiPathNode& a, const TaxiPathNode& b) {
                    return a.nodeIndex < b.nodeIndex;
                });
        }
        LOG_INFO("Loaded ", pathNodeDbc->getRecordCount(), " taxi path waypoints from TaxiPathNode.dbc");
    } else {
        LOG_WARNING("Could not load TaxiPathNode.dbc");
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleShowTaxiNodes(network::Packet& packet) {
    ShowTaxiNodesData data;
    if (!ShowTaxiNodesParser::parse(packet, data)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_SHOWTAXINODES");
        return;
    }

    loadTaxiDbc();

    // Detect newly discovered flight paths by comparing with stored mask
    if (taxiMaskInitialized_) {
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < TLK_TAXI_MASK_SIZE; ++i) {
            uint32_t newBits = data.nodeMask[i] & ~knownTaxiMask_[i];
            if (newBits == 0) continue;
            for (uint32_t bit = 0; bit < 32; ++bit) {
                if (newBits & (1u << bit)) {
                    uint32_t nodeId = i * 32 + bit + 1;
                    auto it = taxiNodes_.find(nodeId);
                    if (it != taxiNodes_.end()) {
                        addSystemChatMessage("Discovered flight path: " + it->second.name);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Update stored mask
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < TLK_TAXI_MASK_SIZE; ++i) {
        knownTaxiMask_[i] = data.nodeMask[i];
    }
    taxiMaskInitialized_ = true;

    currentTaxiData_ = data;
    taxiNpcGuid_ = data.npcGuid;
    taxiWindowOpen_ = true;
    gossipWindowOpen = false;
    buildTaxiCostMap();
    auto it = taxiNodes_.find(data.nearestNode);
    if (it != taxiNodes_.end()) {
        LOG_INFO("Taxi node ", data.nearestNode, " mounts: A=", it->second.mountDisplayIdAlliance,
                 " H=", it->second.mountDisplayIdHorde);
    }
    LOG_INFO("Taxi window opened, nearest node=", data.nearestNode);
}

void GameHandler::applyTaxiMountForCurrentNode() {
    if (taxiMountActive_ || !mountCallback_) return;
    auto it = taxiNodes_.find(currentTaxiData_.nearestNode);
    if (it == taxiNodes_.end()) {
        // Node not in DBC (custom server nodes, missing data) — use hardcoded fallback.
        bool isAlliance = true;
        switch (playerRace_) {
            case Race::ORC: case Race::UNDEAD: case Race::TAUREN: case Race::TROLL:
            case Race::GOBLIN: case Race::BLOOD_ELF:
                isAlliance = false; break;
            default: break;
        }
        uint32_t mountId = isAlliance ? 1210u : 1310u;
        taxiMountDisplayId_ = mountId;
        taxiMountActive_ = true;
        LOG_INFO("Taxi mount fallback (node ", currentTaxiData_.nearestNode, " not in DBC): displayId=", mountId);
        mountCallback_(mountId);
        return;
    }

    bool isAlliance = true;
    switch (playerRace_) {
        case Race::ORC:
        case Race::UNDEAD:
        case Race::TAUREN:
        case Race::TROLL:
        case Race::GOBLIN:
        case Race::BLOOD_ELF:
            isAlliance = false;
            break;
        default:
            isAlliance = true;
            break;
    }
    uint32_t mountId = isAlliance ? it->second.mountDisplayIdAlliance
                                  : it->second.mountDisplayIdHorde;
    if (mountId == 541) mountId = 0;  // Placeholder/invalid in some DBC sets
    if (mountId == 0) {
        mountId = isAlliance ? it->second.mountDisplayIdHorde
                             : it->second.mountDisplayIdAlliance;
        if (mountId == 541) mountId = 0;
    }
    if (mountId == 0) {
        auto& app = core::Application::getInstance();
        uint32_t gryphonId = app.getGryphonDisplayId();
        uint32_t wyvernId = app.getWyvernDisplayId();
        if (isAlliance && gryphonId != 0) mountId = gryphonId;
        if (!isAlliance && wyvernId != 0) mountId = wyvernId;
        if (mountId == 0) {
            mountId = (isAlliance ? wyvernId : gryphonId);
        }
    }
    if (mountId == 0) {
        // Fallback: any non-zero mount display from the node.
        if (it->second.mountDisplayIdAlliance != 0) mountId = it->second.mountDisplayIdAlliance;
        else if (it->second.mountDisplayIdHorde != 0) mountId = it->second.mountDisplayIdHorde;
    }
    if (mountId == 0) {
        // 3.3.5a fallback display IDs (real CreatureDisplayInfo entries).
        // Alliance taxi gryphons commonly use 1210-1213.
        // Horde taxi wyverns commonly use 1310-1312.
        static const uint32_t kAllianceTaxiDisplays[] = {1210u, 1211u, 1212u, 1213u};
        static const uint32_t kHordeTaxiDisplays[] = {1310u, 1311u, 1312u};
        mountId = isAlliance ? kAllianceTaxiDisplays[0] : kHordeTaxiDisplays[0];
    }

    // Last resort legacy fallback.
    if (mountId == 0) {
        mountId = isAlliance ? 30412u : 30413u;
    }
    if (mountId != 0) {
        taxiMountDisplayId_ = mountId;
        taxiMountActive_ = true;
        LOG_INFO("Taxi mount apply: displayId=", mountId);
        mountCallback_(mountId);
    }
}

void GameHandler::startClientTaxiPath(const std::vector<uint32_t>& pathNodes) {
    taxiClientPath_.clear();
    taxiClientIndex_ = 0;
    taxiClientActive_ = false;
    taxiClientSegmentProgress_ = 0.0f;

    // Build full spline path using TaxiPathNode waypoints (not just node positions)
    for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < pathNodes.size(); i++) {
        uint32_t fromNode = pathNodes[i];
        uint32_t toNode = pathNodes[i + 1];
        // Find the pathId connecting these nodes
        uint32_t pathId = 0;
        for (const auto& edge : taxiPathEdges_) {
            if (edge.fromNode == fromNode && edge.toNode == toNode) {
                pathId = edge.pathId;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (pathId == 0) {
            LOG_WARNING("No taxi path found from node ", fromNode, " to ", toNode);
            continue;
        }
        // Get spline waypoints for this path segment
        auto pathIt = taxiPathNodes_.find(pathId);
        if (pathIt != taxiPathNodes_.end()) {
            for (const auto& wpNode : pathIt->second) {
                glm::vec3 serverPos(wpNode.x, wpNode.y, wpNode.z);
                glm::vec3 canonical = core::coords::serverToCanonical(serverPos);
                taxiClientPath_.push_back(canonical);
            }
        } else {
            LOG_WARNING("No spline waypoints found for taxi pathId ", pathId);
        }
    }

    if (taxiClientPath_.size() < 2) {
        // Fallback: use TaxiNodes directly when TaxiPathNode spline data is missing.
        taxiClientPath_.clear();
        for (uint32_t nodeId : pathNodes) {
            auto nodeIt = taxiNodes_.find(nodeId);
            if (nodeIt == taxiNodes_.end()) continue;
            glm::vec3 serverPos(nodeIt->second.x, nodeIt->second.y, nodeIt->second.z);
            taxiClientPath_.push_back(core::coords::serverToCanonical(serverPos));
        }
    }

    if (taxiClientPath_.size() < 2) {
        LOG_WARNING("Taxi path too short: ", taxiClientPath_.size(), " waypoints");
        return;
    }

    // Set initial orientation to face the first non-degenerate flight segment.
    glm::vec3 start = taxiClientPath_[0];
    glm::vec3 dir(0.0f);
    float dirLen = 0.0f;
    for (size_t i = 1; i < taxiClientPath_.size(); i++) {
        dir = taxiClientPath_[i] - start;
        dirLen = glm::length(dir);
        if (dirLen >= 0.001f) {
            break;
        }
    }

    float initialOrientation = movementInfo.orientation;
    float initialRenderYaw = movementInfo.orientation;
    float initialPitch = 0.0f;
    float initialRoll = 0.0f;
    if (dirLen >= 0.001f) {
        initialOrientation = std::atan2(dir.y, dir.x);
        glm::vec3 renderDir = core::coords::canonicalToRender(dir);
        initialRenderYaw = std::atan2(renderDir.y, renderDir.x);
        glm::vec3 dirNorm = dir / dirLen;
        initialPitch = std::asin(std::clamp(dirNorm.z, -1.0f, 1.0f));
    }

    movementInfo.x = start.x;
    movementInfo.y = start.y;
    movementInfo.z = start.z;
    movementInfo.orientation = initialOrientation;
    sanitizeMovementForTaxi();

    auto playerEntity = entityManager.getEntity(playerGuid);
    if (playerEntity) {
        playerEntity->setPosition(start.x, start.y, start.z, initialOrientation);
    }

    if (taxiOrientationCallback_) {
        taxiOrientationCallback_(initialRenderYaw, initialPitch, initialRoll);
    }

    LOG_INFO("Taxi flight started with ", taxiClientPath_.size(), " spline waypoints");
    taxiClientActive_ = true;
}

void GameHandler::updateClientTaxi(float deltaTime) {
    if (!taxiClientActive_ || taxiClientPath_.size() < 2) return;
    auto playerEntity = entityManager.getEntity(playerGuid);

    auto finishTaxiFlight = [&]() {
            // Snap player to the last waypoint (landing position) before clearing state.
            // Without this, the player would be left at whatever mid-flight position
            // they were at when the path completion was detected.
            if (!taxiClientPath_.empty()) {
                const auto& landingPos = taxiClientPath_.back();
                if (playerEntity) {
                    playerEntity->setPosition(landingPos.x, landingPos.y, landingPos.z,
                                              movementInfo.orientation);
                }
                movementInfo.x = landingPos.x;
                movementInfo.y = landingPos.y;
                movementInfo.z = landingPos.z;
                LOG_INFO("Taxi landing: snapped to final waypoint (",
                         landingPos.x, ", ", landingPos.y, ", ", landingPos.z, ")");
            }
            taxiClientActive_ = false;
            onTaxiFlight_ = false;
            taxiLandingCooldown_ = 2.0f;  // 2 second cooldown to prevent re-entering
            if (taxiMountActive_ && mountCallback_) {
                mountCallback_(0);
            }
            taxiMountActive_ = false;
            taxiMountDisplayId_ = 0;
            currentMountDisplayId_ = 0;
            taxiClientPath_.clear();
            taxiRecoverPending_ = false;
            movementInfo.flags = 0;
            movementInfo.flags2 = 0;
            if (socket) {
                sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_STOP);
                sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_HEARTBEAT);
            }
            LOG_INFO("Taxi flight landed (client path)");
    };

    if (taxiClientIndex_ + 1 >= taxiClientPath_.size()) {
        finishTaxiFlight();
        return;
    }

    float remainingDistance = taxiClientSegmentProgress_ + (taxiClientSpeed_ * deltaTime);
    glm::vec3 start(0.0f);
    glm::vec3 end(0.0f);
    glm::vec3 dir(0.0f);
    float segmentLen = 0.0f;
    float t = 0.0f;

    // Consume as many tiny/finished segments as needed this frame so taxi doesn't stall
    // on dense/degenerate node clusters near takeoff/landing.
    while (true) {
        if (taxiClientIndex_ + 1 >= taxiClientPath_.size()) {
            finishTaxiFlight();
            return;
        }

        start = taxiClientPath_[taxiClientIndex_];
        end = taxiClientPath_[taxiClientIndex_ + 1];
        dir = end - start;
        segmentLen = glm::length(dir);

        if (segmentLen < 0.01f) {
            taxiClientIndex_++;
            continue;
        }

        if (remainingDistance >= segmentLen) {
            remainingDistance -= segmentLen;
            taxiClientIndex_++;
            taxiClientSegmentProgress_ = 0.0f;
            continue;
        }

        taxiClientSegmentProgress_ = remainingDistance;
        t = taxiClientSegmentProgress_ / segmentLen;
        break;
    }

    // Use Catmull-Rom spline for smooth interpolation between waypoints
    // Get surrounding points for spline curve
    glm::vec3 p0 = (taxiClientIndex_ > 0) ? taxiClientPath_[taxiClientIndex_ - 1] : start;
    glm::vec3 p1 = start;
    glm::vec3 p2 = end;
    glm::vec3 p3 = (taxiClientIndex_ + 2 < taxiClientPath_.size()) ?
                   taxiClientPath_[taxiClientIndex_ + 2] : end;

    // Catmull-Rom spline formula for smooth curves
    float t2 = t * t;
    float t3 = t2 * t;
    glm::vec3 nextPos = 0.5f * (
        (2.0f * p1) +
        (-p0 + p2) * t +
        (2.0f * p0 - 5.0f * p1 + 4.0f * p2 - p3) * t2 +
        (-p0 + 3.0f * p1 - 3.0f * p2 + p3) * t3
    );

    // Calculate smooth direction for orientation (tangent to spline)
    glm::vec3 tangent = 0.5f * (
        (-p0 + p2) +
        2.0f * (2.0f * p0 - 5.0f * p1 + 4.0f * p2 - p3) * t +
        3.0f * (-p0 + 3.0f * p1 - 3.0f * p2 + p3) * t2
    );
    float tangentLen = glm::length(tangent);
    if (tangentLen < 0.0001f) {
        tangent = dir;
        tangentLen = glm::length(tangent);
        if (tangentLen < 0.0001f) {
            tangent = glm::vec3(std::cos(movementInfo.orientation), std::sin(movementInfo.orientation), 0.0f);
            tangentLen = glm::length(tangent);
        }
    }

    // Calculate yaw from horizontal direction
    float targetOrientation = std::atan2(tangent.y, tangent.x);

    // Calculate pitch from vertical component (altitude change)
    glm::vec3 tangentNorm = tangent / std::max(tangentLen, 0.0001f);
    float pitch = std::asin(std::clamp(tangentNorm.z, -1.0f, 1.0f));

    // Calculate roll (banking) from rate of yaw change
    float currentOrientation = movementInfo.orientation;
    float orientDiff = targetOrientation - currentOrientation;
    // Normalize angle difference to [-PI, PI]
    while (orientDiff > 3.14159265f) orientDiff -= 6.28318530f;
    while (orientDiff < -3.14159265f) orientDiff += 6.28318530f;
    // Bank proportional to turn rate (scaled for visual effect)
    float roll = -orientDiff * 2.5f;
    roll = std::clamp(roll, -0.7f, 0.7f);  // Limit to ~40 degrees

    // Smooth rotation transition (lerp towards target)
    float smoothOrientation = currentOrientation + orientDiff * std::min(1.0f, deltaTime * 3.0f);

    if (playerEntity) {
        playerEntity->setPosition(nextPos.x, nextPos.y, nextPos.z, smoothOrientation);
    }
    movementInfo.x = nextPos.x;
    movementInfo.y = nextPos.y;
    movementInfo.z = nextPos.z;
    movementInfo.orientation = smoothOrientation;

    // Update mount rotation with yaw/pitch/roll. Use render-space tangent yaw to
    // avoid canonical<->render convention mismatches.
    if (taxiOrientationCallback_) {
        glm::vec3 renderTangent = core::coords::canonicalToRender(tangent);
        float renderYaw = std::atan2(renderTangent.y, renderTangent.x);
        taxiOrientationCallback_(renderYaw, pitch, roll);
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleActivateTaxiReply(network::Packet& packet) {
    ActivateTaxiReplyData data;
    if (!ActivateTaxiReplyParser::parse(packet, data)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_ACTIVATETAXIREPLY");
        return;
    }

    // Guard against stray/mis-mapped packets being treated as taxi replies.
    // We only consume a reply while an activation request is pending.
    if (!taxiActivatePending_) {
        LOG_DEBUG("Ignoring stray taxi reply: result=", data.result);
        return;
    }

    if (data.result == 0) {
        // Some cores can emit duplicate success replies (e.g. basic + express activate).
        // Ignore repeats once taxi is already active and no activation is pending.
        if (onTaxiFlight_ && !taxiActivatePending_) {
            return;
        }
        onTaxiFlight_ = true;
        taxiStartGrace_ = std::max(taxiStartGrace_, 2.0f);
        sanitizeMovementForTaxi();
        taxiWindowOpen_ = false;
        taxiActivatePending_ = false;
        taxiActivateTimer_ = 0.0f;
        applyTaxiMountForCurrentNode();
        if (socket) {
            sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_HEARTBEAT);
        }
        LOG_INFO("Taxi flight started!");
    } else {
        // If local taxi motion already started, treat late failure as stale and ignore.
        if (onTaxiFlight_ || taxiClientActive_) {
            LOG_WARNING("Ignoring stale taxi failure reply while flight is active: result=", data.result);
            taxiActivatePending_ = false;
            taxiActivateTimer_ = 0.0f;
            return;
        }
        LOG_WARNING("Taxi activation failed, result=", data.result);
        addSystemChatMessage("Cannot take that flight path.");
        taxiActivatePending_ = false;
        taxiActivateTimer_ = 0.0f;
        if (taxiMountActive_ && mountCallback_) {
            mountCallback_(0);
        }
        taxiMountActive_ = false;
        taxiMountDisplayId_ = 0;
        onTaxiFlight_ = false;
    }
}

void GameHandler::closeTaxi() {
    taxiWindowOpen_ = false;

    // Closing the taxi UI must not cancel an active/pending flight.
    // The window can auto-close due distance checks while takeoff begins.
    if (taxiActivatePending_ || onTaxiFlight_ || taxiClientActive_) {
        return;
    }

    // If we optimistically mounted during node selection, dismount now
    if (taxiMountActive_ && mountCallback_) {
        mountCallback_(0);  // Dismount
    }
    taxiMountActive_ = false;
    taxiMountDisplayId_ = 0;

    // Clear any pending activation
    taxiActivatePending_ = false;
    onTaxiFlight_ = false;

    // Set cooldown to prevent auto-mount trigger from re-applying taxi mount
    // (The UNIT_FLAG_TAXI_FLIGHT check in handleUpdateObject won't re-trigger during cooldown)
    taxiLandingCooldown_ = 2.0f;
}

void GameHandler::buildTaxiCostMap() {
    taxiCostMap_.clear();
    uint32_t startNode = currentTaxiData_.nearestNode;
    if (startNode == 0) return;

    // Build adjacency list with costs from all edges (path may traverse unknown nodes)
    struct AdjEntry { uint32_t node; uint32_t cost; };
    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, std::vector<AdjEntry>> adj;
    for (const auto& edge : taxiPathEdges_) {
        adj[edge.fromNode].push_back({edge.toNode, edge.cost});
    }

    // BFS from startNode, accumulating costs along the path
    std::deque<uint32_t> queue;
    queue.push_back(startNode);
    taxiCostMap_[startNode] = 0;

    while (!queue.empty()) {
        uint32_t cur = queue.front();
        queue.pop_front();
        for (const auto& next : adj[cur]) {
            if (taxiCostMap_.find(next.node) == taxiCostMap_.end()) {
                taxiCostMap_[next.node] = taxiCostMap_[cur] + next.cost;
                queue.push_back(next.node);
            }
        }
    }
}

uint32_t GameHandler::getTaxiCostTo(uint32_t destNodeId) const {
    auto it = taxiCostMap_.find(destNodeId);
    return (it != taxiCostMap_.end()) ? it->second : 0;
}

void GameHandler::activateTaxi(uint32_t destNodeId) {
    if (!socket || state != WorldState::IN_WORLD) return;

    // One-shot taxi activation until server replies or timeout.
    if (taxiActivatePending_ || onTaxiFlight_) {
        return;
    }

    uint32_t startNode = currentTaxiData_.nearestNode;
    if (startNode == 0 || destNodeId == 0 || startNode == destNodeId) return;

    // If already mounted, dismount before starting a taxi flight.
    if (isMounted()) {
        LOG_INFO("Taxi activate: dismounting current mount");
        if (mountCallback_) mountCallback_(0);
        currentMountDisplayId_ = 0;
        dismount();
    }

    {
        auto destIt = taxiNodes_.find(destNodeId);
        if (destIt != taxiNodes_.end() && !destIt->second.name.empty()) {
            taxiDestName_ = destIt->second.name;
            addSystemChatMessage("Requesting flight to " + destIt->second.name + "...");
        } else {
            taxiDestName_.clear();
            addSystemChatMessage("Taxi: requesting flight...");
        }
    }

    // BFS to find path from startNode to destNodeId
    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, std::vector<uint32_t>> adj;
    for (const auto& edge : taxiPathEdges_) {
        adj[edge.fromNode].push_back(edge.toNode);
    }

    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, uint32_t> parent;
    std::deque<uint32_t> queue;
    queue.push_back(startNode);
    parent[startNode] = startNode;

    bool found = false;
    while (!queue.empty()) {
        uint32_t cur = queue.front();
        queue.pop_front();
        if (cur == destNodeId) { found = true; break; }
        for (uint32_t next : adj[cur]) {
            if (parent.find(next) == parent.end()) {
                parent[next] = cur;
                queue.push_back(next);
            }
        }
    }

    if (!found) {
        LOG_WARNING("No taxi path found from node ", startNode, " to ", destNodeId);
        addSystemChatMessage("No flight path available to that destination.");
        return;
    }

    std::vector<uint32_t> path;
    for (uint32_t n = destNodeId; n != startNode; n = parent[n]) {
        path.push_back(n);
    }
    path.push_back(startNode);
    std::reverse(path.begin(), path.end());

    LOG_INFO("Taxi path: ", path.size(), " nodes, from ", startNode, " to ", destNodeId);

    LOG_INFO("Taxi activate: npc=0x", std::hex, taxiNpcGuid_, std::dec,
             " start=", startNode, " dest=", destNodeId, " pathLen=", path.size());
    if (!path.empty()) {
        std::string pathStr;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < path.size(); i++) {
            pathStr += std::to_string(path[i]);
            if (i + 1 < path.size()) pathStr += "->";
        }
        LOG_INFO("Taxi path nodes: ", pathStr);
    }

    uint32_t totalCost = getTaxiCostTo(destNodeId);
    LOG_INFO("Taxi activate: start=", startNode, " dest=", destNodeId, " cost=", totalCost);

    // Some servers only accept basic CMSG_ACTIVATETAXI.
    auto basicPkt = ActivateTaxiPacket::build(taxiNpcGuid_, startNode, destNodeId);
    socket->send(basicPkt);

    // AzerothCore in this setup rejects/misparses CMSG_ACTIVATETAXIEXPRESS (0x312),
    // so keep taxi activation on the basic packet only.

    // Optimistically start taxi visuals; server will correct if it denies.
    taxiWindowOpen_ = false;
    taxiActivatePending_ = true;
    taxiActivateTimer_ = 0.0f;
    taxiStartGrace_ = 2.0f;
    if (!onTaxiFlight_) {
        onTaxiFlight_ = true;
        sanitizeMovementForTaxi();
        applyTaxiMountForCurrentNode();
    }
    if (socket) {
        sendMovement(Opcode::MSG_MOVE_HEARTBEAT);
    }

    // Trigger terrain precache immediately (non-blocking).
    if (taxiPrecacheCallback_) {
        std::vector<glm::vec3> previewPath;
        // Build full spline path using TaxiPathNode waypoints
        for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < path.size(); i++) {
            uint32_t fromNode = path[i];
            uint32_t toNode = path[i + 1];
            // Find the pathId connecting these nodes
            uint32_t pathId = 0;
            for (const auto& edge : taxiPathEdges_) {
                if (edge.fromNode == fromNode && edge.toNode == toNode) {
                    pathId = edge.pathId;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (pathId == 0) continue;
            // Get spline waypoints for this path segment
            auto pathIt = taxiPathNodes_.find(pathId);
            if (pathIt != taxiPathNodes_.end()) {
                for (const auto& wpNode : pathIt->second) {
                    glm::vec3 serverPos(wpNode.x, wpNode.y, wpNode.z);
                    glm::vec3 canonical = core::coords::serverToCanonical(serverPos);
                    previewPath.push_back(canonical);
                }
            }
        }
        if (previewPath.size() >= 2) {
            taxiPrecacheCallback_(previewPath);
        }
    }

    // Flight starts immediately; upload callback stays opportunistic/non-blocking.
    if (taxiFlightStartCallback_) {
        taxiFlightStartCallback_();
    }
    startClientTaxiPath(path);
    // We run taxi movement locally immediately; don't keep a long-lived pending state.
    if (taxiClientActive_) {
        taxiActivatePending_ = false;
        taxiActivateTimer_ = 0.0f;
    }

    // Save recovery target in case of disconnect during taxi.
    auto destIt = taxiNodes_.find(destNodeId);
    if (destIt != taxiNodes_.end() && !destIt->second.name.empty())
        addSystemChatMessage("Flight to " + destIt->second.name + " started.");
    else
        addSystemChatMessage("Flight started.");

    if (destIt != taxiNodes_.end()) {
        taxiRecoverMapId_ = destIt->second.mapId;
        taxiRecoverPos_ = core::coords::serverToCanonical(
            glm::vec3(destIt->second.x, destIt->second.y, destIt->second.z));
        taxiRecoverPending_ = false;
    }
}

// ============================================================
// Server Info Command Handlers
// ============================================================

void GameHandler::handleQueryTimeResponse(network::Packet& packet) {
    QueryTimeResponseData data;
    if (!QueryTimeResponseParser::parse(packet, data)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_QUERY_TIME_RESPONSE");
        return;
    }

    // Convert Unix timestamp to readable format
    time_t serverTime = static_cast<time_t>(data.serverTime);
    struct tm* timeInfo = localtime(&serverTime);
    char timeStr[64];
    strftime(timeStr, sizeof(timeStr), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", timeInfo);

    std::string msg = "Server time: " + std::string(timeStr);
    addSystemChatMessage(msg);
    LOG_INFO("Server time: ", data.serverTime, " (", timeStr, ")");
}

void GameHandler::handlePlayedTime(network::Packet& packet) {
    PlayedTimeData data;
    if (!PlayedTimeParser::parse(packet, data)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_PLAYED_TIME");
        return;
    }

    totalTimePlayed_ = data.totalTimePlayed;
    levelTimePlayed_ = data.levelTimePlayed;

    if (data.triggerMessage) {
        // Format total time played
        uint32_t totalDays = data.totalTimePlayed / 86400;
        uint32_t totalHours = (data.totalTimePlayed % 86400) / 3600;
        uint32_t totalMinutes = (data.totalTimePlayed % 3600) / 60;

        // Format level time played
        uint32_t levelDays = data.levelTimePlayed / 86400;
        uint32_t levelHours = (data.levelTimePlayed % 86400) / 3600;
        uint32_t levelMinutes = (data.levelTimePlayed % 3600) / 60;

        std::string totalMsg = "Total time played: ";
        if (totalDays > 0) totalMsg += std::to_string(totalDays) + " days, ";
        if (totalHours > 0 || totalDays > 0) totalMsg += std::to_string(totalHours) + " hours, ";
        totalMsg += std::to_string(totalMinutes) + " minutes";

        std::string levelMsg = "Time played this level: ";
        if (levelDays > 0) levelMsg += std::to_string(levelDays) + " days, ";
        if (levelHours > 0 || levelDays > 0) levelMsg += std::to_string(levelHours) + " hours, ";
        levelMsg += std::to_string(levelMinutes) + " minutes";

        addSystemChatMessage(totalMsg);
        addSystemChatMessage(levelMsg);
    }

    LOG_INFO("Played time: total=", data.totalTimePlayed, "s, level=", data.levelTimePlayed, "s");
}

void GameHandler::handleWho(network::Packet& packet) {
    // Classic 1.12 / TBC 2.4.3 per-player: name + guild + level(u32) + class(u32) + race(u32) + zone(u32)
    // WotLK 3.3.5a added a gender(u8) field between race and zone.
    const bool hasGender = isActiveExpansion("wotlk");

    uint32_t displayCount = packet.readUInt32();
    uint32_t onlineCount = packet.readUInt32();

    LOG_INFO("WHO response: ", displayCount, " players displayed, ", onlineCount, " total online");

    // Store structured results for the who-results window
    whoResults_.clear();
    whoOnlineCount_ = onlineCount;

    if (displayCount == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("No players found.");
        return;
    }

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < displayCount; ++i) {
        if (packet.getReadPos() >= packet.getSize()) break;
        std::string playerName = packet.readString();
        std::string guildName = packet.readString();
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 12) break;
        uint32_t level   = packet.readUInt32();
        uint32_t classId = packet.readUInt32();
        uint32_t raceId  = packet.readUInt32();
        if (hasGender && packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1)
            packet.readUInt8();  // gender (WotLK only, unused)
        uint32_t zoneId = 0;
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4)
            zoneId = packet.readUInt32();

        // Store structured entry
        WhoEntry entry;
        entry.name      = playerName;
        entry.guildName = guildName;
        entry.level     = level;
        entry.classId   = classId;
        entry.raceId    = raceId;
        entry.zoneId    = zoneId;
        whoResults_.push_back(std::move(entry));

        LOG_INFO("  ", playerName, " (", guildName, ") Lv", level, " Class:", classId,
                 " Race:", raceId, " Zone:", zoneId);
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleFriendList(network::Packet& packet) {
    // Classic 1.12 / TBC 2.4.3 SMSG_FRIEND_LIST format:
    //   uint8  count
    //   for each entry:
    //     uint64 guid (full)
    //     uint8  status (0=offline, 1=online, 2=AFK, 3=DND)
    //     if status != 0:
    //       uint32 area
    //       uint32 level
    //       uint32 class
    auto rem = [&]() { return packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos(); };
    if (rem() < 1) return;
    uint8_t count = packet.readUInt8();
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_FRIEND_LIST: ", (int)count, " entries");

    // Rebuild friend contacts (keep ignores from previous contact_ entries)
    contacts_.erase(std::remove_if(contacts_.begin(), contacts_.end(),
        [](const ContactEntry& e){ return e.isFriend(); }), contacts_.end());

    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < count && rem() >= 9; ++i) {
        uint64_t guid   = packet.readUInt64();
        uint8_t  status = packet.readUInt8();
        uint32_t area = 0, level = 0, classId = 0;
        if (status != 0 && rem() >= 12) {
            area    = packet.readUInt32();
            level   = packet.readUInt32();
            classId = packet.readUInt32();
        }
        // Track as a friend GUID; resolve name via name query
        friendGuids_.insert(guid);
        auto nit = playerNameCache.find(guid);
        std::string name;
        if (nit != playerNameCache.end()) {
            name = nit->second;
            friendsCache[name] = guid;
            LOG_INFO("  Friend: ", name, " status=", (int)status);
        } else {
            LOG_INFO("  Friend guid=0x", std::hex, guid, std::dec,
                     " status=", (int)status, " (name pending)");
            queryPlayerName(guid);
        }
        ContactEntry entry;
        entry.guid    = guid;
        entry.name    = name;
        entry.flags   = 0x1;  // friend
        entry.status  = status;
        entry.areaId  = area;
        entry.level   = level;
        entry.classId = classId;
        contacts_.push_back(std::move(entry));
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleContactList(network::Packet& packet) {
    // WotLK SMSG_CONTACT_LIST format:
    //   uint32 listMask  (1=friend, 2=ignore, 4=mute)
    //   uint32 count
    //   for each entry:
    //     uint64 guid (full)
    //     uint32 flags
    //     string note (null-terminated)
    //     if flags & 0x1 (friend):
    //       uint8 status (0=offline, 1=online, 2=AFK, 3=DND)
    //       if status != 0:
    //         uint32 area, uint32 level, uint32 class
    // Short/keepalive variant (1-7 bytes): consume silently.
    auto rem = [&]() { return packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos(); };
    if (rem() < 8) {
        packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
        return;
    }
    lastContactListMask_  = packet.readUInt32();
    lastContactListCount_ = packet.readUInt32();
    contacts_.clear();
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < lastContactListCount_ && rem() >= 8; ++i) {
        uint64_t guid  = packet.readUInt64();
        if (rem() < 4) break;
        uint32_t flags = packet.readUInt32();
        std::string note = packet.readString();  // may be empty
        uint8_t  status  = 0;
        uint32_t areaId  = 0;
        uint32_t level   = 0;
        uint32_t classId = 0;
        if (flags & 0x1) {  // SOCIAL_FLAG_FRIEND
            if (rem() < 1) break;
            status = packet.readUInt8();
            if (status != 0 && rem() >= 12) {
                areaId  = packet.readUInt32();
                level   = packet.readUInt32();
                classId = packet.readUInt32();
            }
            friendGuids_.insert(guid);
            auto nit = playerNameCache.find(guid);
            if (nit != playerNameCache.end()) {
                friendsCache[nit->second] = guid;
            } else {
                queryPlayerName(guid);
            }
        }
        // ignore / mute entries: no additional fields beyond guid+flags+note
        ContactEntry entry;
        entry.guid    = guid;
        entry.flags   = flags;
        entry.note    = std::move(note);
        entry.status  = status;
        entry.areaId  = areaId;
        entry.level   = level;
        entry.classId = classId;
        auto nit = playerNameCache.find(guid);
        if (nit != playerNameCache.end()) entry.name = nit->second;
        contacts_.push_back(std::move(entry));
    }
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_CONTACT_LIST: mask=", lastContactListMask_,
             " count=", lastContactListCount_);
}

void GameHandler::handleFriendStatus(network::Packet& packet) {
    FriendStatusData data;
    if (!FriendStatusParser::parse(packet, data)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_FRIEND_STATUS");
        return;
    }

    // Look up player name: contacts_ (populated by SMSG_FRIEND_LIST) > playerNameCache
    std::string playerName;
    {
        auto cit2 = std::find_if(contacts_.begin(), contacts_.end(),
            [&](const ContactEntry& e){ return e.guid == data.guid; });
        if (cit2 != contacts_.end() && !cit2->name.empty()) {
            playerName = cit2->name;
        } else {
            auto it = playerNameCache.find(data.guid);
            if (it != playerNameCache.end()) playerName = it->second;
        }
    }

    // Update friends cache
    if (data.status == 1 || data.status == 2) {  // Added or online
        friendsCache[playerName] = data.guid;
    } else if (data.status == 0) {  // Removed
        friendsCache.erase(playerName);
    }

    // Mirror into contacts_: update existing entry or add/remove as needed
    if (data.status == 0) {  // Removed from friends list
        contacts_.erase(std::remove_if(contacts_.begin(), contacts_.end(),
            [&](const ContactEntry& e){ return e.guid == data.guid; }), contacts_.end());
    } else {
        auto cit = std::find_if(contacts_.begin(), contacts_.end(),
            [&](const ContactEntry& e){ return e.guid == data.guid; });
        if (cit != contacts_.end()) {
            if (!playerName.empty() && playerName != "Unknown") cit->name = playerName;
            // status: 2=online→1, 3=offline→0, 1=added→1 (online on add)
            if (data.status == 2) cit->status = 1;
            else if (data.status == 3) cit->status = 0;
        } else {
            ContactEntry entry;
            entry.guid   = data.guid;
            entry.name   = playerName;
            entry.flags  = 0x1;  // friend
            entry.status = (data.status == 2) ? 1 : 0;
            contacts_.push_back(std::move(entry));
        }
    }

    // Status messages
    switch (data.status) {
        case 0:
            addSystemChatMessage(playerName + " has been removed from your friends list.");
            break;
        case 1:
            addSystemChatMessage(playerName + " has been added to your friends list.");
            break;
        case 2:
            addSystemChatMessage(playerName + " is now online.");
            break;
        case 3:
            addSystemChatMessage(playerName + " is now offline.");
            break;
        case 4:
            addSystemChatMessage("Player not found.");
            break;
        case 5:
            addSystemChatMessage(playerName + " is already in your friends list.");
            break;
        case 6:
            addSystemChatMessage("Your friends list is full.");
            break;
        case 7:
            addSystemChatMessage(playerName + " is ignoring you.");
            break;
        default:
            LOG_INFO("Friend status: ", (int)data.status, " for ", playerName);
            break;
    }

    LOG_INFO("Friend status update: ", playerName, " status=", (int)data.status);
}

void GameHandler::handleRandomRoll(network::Packet& packet) {
    RandomRollData data;
    if (!RandomRollParser::parse(packet, data)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_RANDOM_ROLL");
        return;
    }

    // Get roller name
    std::string rollerName;
    if (data.rollerGuid == playerGuid) {
        rollerName = "You";
    } else {
        auto it = playerNameCache.find(data.rollerGuid);
        if (it != playerNameCache.end()) {
            rollerName = it->second;
        } else {
            rollerName = "Someone";
        }
    }

    // Build message
    std::string msg = rollerName;
    if (data.rollerGuid == playerGuid) {
        msg += " roll ";
    } else {
        msg += " rolls ";
    }
    msg += std::to_string(data.result);
    msg += " (" + std::to_string(data.minRoll) + "-" + std::to_string(data.maxRoll) + ")";

    addSystemChatMessage(msg);
    LOG_INFO("Random roll: ", rollerName, " rolled ", data.result, " (", data.minRoll, "-", data.maxRoll, ")");
}

void GameHandler::handleLogoutResponse(network::Packet& packet) {
    LogoutResponseData data;
    if (!LogoutResponseParser::parse(packet, data)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_LOGOUT_RESPONSE");
        return;
    }

    if (data.result == 0) {
        // Success - logout initiated
        if (data.instant) {
            addSystemChatMessage("Logging out...");
            logoutCountdown_ = 0.0f;
        } else {
            addSystemChatMessage("Logging out in 20 seconds...");
            logoutCountdown_ = 20.0f;
        }
        LOG_INFO("Logout response: success, instant=", (int)data.instant);
    } else {
        // Failure
        addSystemChatMessage("Cannot logout right now.");
        loggingOut_ = false;
        logoutCountdown_ = 0.0f;
        LOG_WARNING("Logout failed, result=", data.result);
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleLogoutComplete(network::Packet& /*packet*/) {
    addSystemChatMessage("Logout complete.");
    loggingOut_ = false;
    logoutCountdown_ = 0.0f;
    LOG_INFO("Logout complete");
    // Server will disconnect us
}

uint32_t GameHandler::generateClientSeed() {
    // Generate cryptographically random seed
    std::random_device rd;
    std::mt19937 gen(rd());
    std::uniform_int_distribution<uint32_t> dis(1, 0xFFFFFFFF);
    return dis(gen);
}

void GameHandler::setState(WorldState newState) {
    if (state != newState) {
        LOG_DEBUG("World state: ", (int)state, " -> ", (int)newState);
        state = newState;
    }
}

void GameHandler::fail(const std::string& reason) {
    LOG_ERROR("World connection failed: ", reason);
    setState(WorldState::FAILED);

    if (onFailure) {
        onFailure(reason);
    }
}


// ============================================================
// Player Skills
// ============================================================

static const std::string kEmptySkillName;

const std::string& GameHandler::getSkillName(uint32_t skillId) const {
    auto it = skillLineNames_.find(skillId);
    return (it != skillLineNames_.end()) ? it->second : kEmptySkillName;
}

uint32_t GameHandler::getSkillCategory(uint32_t skillId) const {
    auto it = skillLineCategories_.find(skillId);
    return (it != skillLineCategories_.end()) ? it->second : 0;
}

bool GameHandler::isProfessionSpell(uint32_t spellId) const {
    auto slIt = spellToSkillLine_.find(spellId);
    if (slIt == spellToSkillLine_.end()) return false;
    auto catIt = skillLineCategories_.find(slIt->second);
    if (catIt == skillLineCategories_.end()) return false;
    // Category 11 = profession (Blacksmithing, etc.), 9 = secondary (Cooking, First Aid, Fishing)
    return catIt->second == 11 || catIt->second == 9;
}

void GameHandler::loadSkillLineDbc() {
    if (skillLineDbcLoaded_) return;
    skillLineDbcLoaded_ = true;

    auto* am = core::Application::getInstance().getAssetManager();
    if (!am || !am->isInitialized()) return;

    auto dbc = am->loadDBC("SkillLine.dbc");
    if (!dbc || !dbc->isLoaded()) {
        LOG_WARNING("GameHandler: Could not load SkillLine.dbc");
        return;
    }

    const auto* slL = pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout() ? pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout()->getLayout("SkillLine") : nullptr;
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < dbc->getRecordCount(); i++) {
        uint32_t id = dbc->getUInt32(i, slL ? (*slL)["ID"] : 0);
        uint32_t category = dbc->getUInt32(i, slL ? (*slL)["Category"] : 1);
        std::string name = dbc->getString(i, slL ? (*slL)["Name"] : 3);
        if (id > 0 && !name.empty()) {
            skillLineNames_[id] = name;
            skillLineCategories_[id] = category;
        }
    }
    LOG_INFO("GameHandler: Loaded ", skillLineNames_.size(), " skill line names");
}

void GameHandler::extractSkillFields(const std::map<uint16_t, uint32_t>& fields) {
    loadSkillLineDbc();

    const uint16_t PLAYER_SKILL_INFO_START = fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_SKILL_INFO_START);
    static constexpr int MAX_SKILL_SLOTS = 128;

    std::map<uint32_t, PlayerSkill> newSkills;

    for (int slot = 0; slot < MAX_SKILL_SLOTS; slot++) {
        uint16_t baseField = PLAYER_SKILL_INFO_START + slot * 3;

        auto idIt = fields.find(baseField);
        if (idIt == fields.end()) continue;

        uint32_t raw0 = idIt->second;
        uint16_t skillId = raw0 & 0xFFFF;
        if (skillId == 0) continue;

        auto valIt = fields.find(baseField + 1);
        if (valIt == fields.end()) continue;

        uint32_t raw1 = valIt->second;
        uint16_t value = raw1 & 0xFFFF;
        uint16_t maxValue = (raw1 >> 16) & 0xFFFF;

        uint16_t bonusTemp = 0;
        uint16_t bonusPerm = 0;
        auto bonusIt = fields.find(static_cast<uint16_t>(baseField + 2));
        if (bonusIt != fields.end()) {
            bonusTemp = bonusIt->second & 0xFFFF;
            bonusPerm = (bonusIt->second >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
        }

        PlayerSkill skill;
        skill.skillId = skillId;
        skill.value = value;
        skill.maxValue = maxValue;
        skill.bonusTemp = bonusTemp;
        skill.bonusPerm = bonusPerm;
        newSkills[skillId] = skill;
    }

    // Detect increases and emit chat messages
    for (const auto& [skillId, skill] : newSkills) {
        if (skill.value == 0) continue;
        auto oldIt = playerSkills_.find(skillId);
        if (oldIt != playerSkills_.end() && skill.value > oldIt->second.value) {
            // Filter out racial, generic, and hidden skills from announcements
            // Category 5 = Attributes (Defense, etc.)
            // Category 10 = Languages (Orcish, Common, etc.)
            // Category 12 = Not Displayed (generic/hidden)
            auto catIt = skillLineCategories_.find(skillId);
            if (catIt != skillLineCategories_.end()) {
                uint32_t category = catIt->second;
                if (category == 5 || category == 10 || category == 12) {
                    continue; // Skip announcement for racial/generic skills
                }
            }

            const std::string& name = getSkillName(skillId);
            std::string skillName = name.empty() ? ("Skill #" + std::to_string(skillId)) : name;
            addSystemChatMessage("Your skill in " + skillName + " has increased to " + std::to_string(skill.value) + ".");
        }
    }

    playerSkills_ = std::move(newSkills);
}

void GameHandler::extractExploredZoneFields(const std::map<uint16_t, uint32_t>& fields) {
    // Number of explored-zone uint32 fields varies by expansion:
    // Classic/Turtle = 64, TBC/WotLK = 128. Always allocate 128 for world-map
    // bit lookups, but only read the expansion-specific count to avoid reading
    // player money or rest-XP fields as zone flags.
    const size_t zoneCount = packetParsers_
        ? static_cast<size_t>(packetParsers_->exploredZonesCount())
        : PLAYER_EXPLORED_ZONES_COUNT;

    if (playerExploredZones_.size() != PLAYER_EXPLORED_ZONES_COUNT) {
        playerExploredZones_.assign(PLAYER_EXPLORED_ZONES_COUNT, 0u);
    }

    bool foundAny = false;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < zoneCount; i++) {
        const uint16_t fieldIdx = static_cast<uint16_t>(fieldIndex(UF::PLAYER_EXPLORED_ZONES_START) + i);
        auto it = fields.find(fieldIdx);
        if (it == fields.end()) continue;
        playerExploredZones_[i] = it->second;
        foundAny = true;
    }
    // Zero out slots beyond the expansion's zone count to prevent stale data
    // from polluting the fog-of-war display.
    for (size_t i = zoneCount; i < PLAYER_EXPLORED_ZONES_COUNT; i++) {
        playerExploredZones_[i] = 0u;
    }

    if (foundAny) {
        hasPlayerExploredZones_ = true;
    }
}

std::string GameHandler::getCharacterConfigDir() {
    std::string dir;
#ifdef _WIN32
    const char* appdata = std::getenv("APPDATA");
    dir = appdata ? std::string(appdata) + "\\wowee\\characters" : "characters";
#else
    const char* home = std::getenv("HOME");
    dir = home ? std::string(home) + "/.wowee/characters" : "characters";
#endif
    return dir;
}

void GameHandler::saveCharacterConfig() {
    const Character* ch = getActiveCharacter();
    if (!ch || ch->name.empty()) return;

    std::string dir = getCharacterConfigDir();
    std::error_code ec;
    std::filesystem::create_directories(dir, ec);

    std::string path = dir + "/" + ch->name + ".cfg";
    std::ofstream out(path);
    if (!out.is_open()) {
        LOG_WARNING("Could not save character config to ", path);
        return;
    }

    out << "character_guid=" << playerGuid << "\n";
    out << "gender=" << static_cast<int>(ch->gender) << "\n";
    // For male/female, derive from gender; only nonbinary has a meaningful separate choice
    bool saveUseFemaleModel = (ch->gender == Gender::NONBINARY) ? ch->useFemaleModel
                                                                 : (ch->gender == Gender::FEMALE);
    out << "use_female_model=" << (saveUseFemaleModel ? 1 : 0) << "\n";
    for (int i = 0; i < ACTION_BAR_SLOTS; i++) {
        out << "action_bar_" << i << "_type=" << static_cast<int>(actionBar[i].type) << "\n";
        out << "action_bar_" << i << "_id=" << actionBar[i].id << "\n";
    }

    // Save quest log
    out << "quest_log_count=" << questLog_.size() << "\n";
    for (size_t i = 0; i < questLog_.size(); i++) {
        const auto& quest = questLog_[i];
        out << "quest_" << i << "_id=" << quest.questId << "\n";
        out << "quest_" << i << "_title=" << quest.title << "\n";
        out << "quest_" << i << "_complete=" << (quest.complete ? 1 : 0) << "\n";
    }

    LOG_INFO("Character config saved to ", path);
}

void GameHandler::loadCharacterConfig() {
    const Character* ch = getActiveCharacter();
    if (!ch || ch->name.empty()) return;

    std::string path = getCharacterConfigDir() + "/" + ch->name + ".cfg";
    std::ifstream in(path);
    if (!in.is_open()) return;

    uint64_t savedGuid = 0;
    std::array<int, ACTION_BAR_SLOTS> types{};
    std::array<uint32_t, ACTION_BAR_SLOTS> ids{};
    bool hasSlots = false;
    int savedGender = -1;
    int savedUseFemaleModel = -1;

    std::string line;
    while (std::getline(in, line)) {
        size_t eq = line.find('=');
        if (eq == std::string::npos) continue;
        std::string key = line.substr(0, eq);
        std::string val = line.substr(eq + 1);

        if (key == "character_guid") {
            try { savedGuid = std::stoull(val); } catch (...) {}
        } else if (key == "gender") {
            try { savedGender = std::stoi(val); } catch (...) {}
        } else if (key == "use_female_model") {
            try { savedUseFemaleModel = std::stoi(val); } catch (...) {}
        } else if (key.rfind("action_bar_", 0) == 0) {
            // Parse action_bar_N_type or action_bar_N_id
            size_t firstUnderscore = 11; // length of "action_bar_"
            size_t secondUnderscore = key.find('_', firstUnderscore);
            if (secondUnderscore == std::string::npos) continue;
            int slot = -1;
            try { slot = std::stoi(key.substr(firstUnderscore, secondUnderscore - firstUnderscore)); } catch (...) { continue; }
            if (slot < 0 || slot >= ACTION_BAR_SLOTS) continue;
            std::string suffix = key.substr(secondUnderscore + 1);
            try {
                if (suffix == "type") {
                    types[slot] = std::stoi(val);
                    hasSlots = true;
                } else if (suffix == "id") {
                    ids[slot] = static_cast<uint32_t>(std::stoul(val));
                    hasSlots = true;
                }
            } catch (...) {}
        }
    }

    // Validate guid matches current character
    if (savedGuid != 0 && savedGuid != playerGuid) {
        LOG_WARNING("Character config guid mismatch for ", ch->name, ", using defaults");
        return;
    }

    // Apply saved gender and body type (allows nonbinary to persist even though server only stores male/female)
    if (savedGender >= 0 && savedGender <= 2) {
        for (auto& character : characters) {
            if (character.guid == playerGuid) {
                character.gender = static_cast<Gender>(savedGender);
                if (character.gender == Gender::NONBINARY) {
                    // Only nonbinary characters have a meaningful body type choice
                    if (savedUseFemaleModel >= 0) {
                        character.useFemaleModel = (savedUseFemaleModel != 0);
                    }
                } else {
                    // Male/female always use the model matching their gender
                    character.useFemaleModel = (character.gender == Gender::FEMALE);
                }
                LOG_INFO("Applied saved gender: ", getGenderName(character.gender),
                         ", body type: ", (character.useFemaleModel ? "feminine" : "masculine"));
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    if (hasSlots) {
        for (int i = 0; i < ACTION_BAR_SLOTS; i++) {
            actionBar[i].type = static_cast<ActionBarSlot::Type>(types[i]);
            actionBar[i].id = ids[i];
        }
        LOG_INFO("Character config loaded from ", path);
    }
}

void GameHandler::setTransportAttachment(uint64_t childGuid, ObjectType type, uint64_t transportGuid,
                                         const glm::vec3& localOffset, bool hasLocalOrientation,
                                         float localOrientation) {
    if (childGuid == 0 || transportGuid == 0) {
        return;
    }

    TransportAttachment& attachment = transportAttachments_[childGuid];
    attachment.type = type;
    attachment.transportGuid = transportGuid;
    attachment.localOffset = localOffset;
    attachment.hasLocalOrientation = hasLocalOrientation;
    attachment.localOrientation = localOrientation;
}

void GameHandler::clearTransportAttachment(uint64_t childGuid) {
    if (childGuid == 0) {
        return;
    }
    transportAttachments_.erase(childGuid);
}

void GameHandler::updateAttachedTransportChildren(float /*deltaTime*/) {
    if (!transportManager_ || transportAttachments_.empty()) {
        return;
    }

    constexpr float kPosEpsilonSq = 0.0001f;
    constexpr float kOriEpsilon = 0.001f;
    std::vector<uint64_t> stale;
    stale.reserve(8);

    for (const auto& [childGuid, attachment] : transportAttachments_) {
        auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(childGuid);
        if (!entity) {
            stale.push_back(childGuid);
            continue;
        }

        ActiveTransport* transport = transportManager_->getTransport(attachment.transportGuid);
        if (!transport) {
            continue;
        }

        glm::vec3 composed = transportManager_->getPlayerWorldPosition(
            attachment.transportGuid, attachment.localOffset);

        float composedOrientation = entity->getOrientation();
        if (attachment.hasLocalOrientation) {
            float baseYaw = transport->hasServerYaw ? transport->serverYaw : 0.0f;
            composedOrientation = baseYaw + attachment.localOrientation;
        }

        glm::vec3 oldPos(entity->getX(), entity->getY(), entity->getZ());
        float oldOrientation = entity->getOrientation();
        glm::vec3 delta = composed - oldPos;
        const bool positionChanged = glm::dot(delta, delta) > kPosEpsilonSq;
        const bool orientationChanged = std::abs(composedOrientation - oldOrientation) > kOriEpsilon;
        if (!positionChanged && !orientationChanged) {
            continue;
        }

        entity->setPosition(composed.x, composed.y, composed.z, composedOrientation);

        if (attachment.type == ObjectType::UNIT) {
            if (creatureMoveCallback_) {
                creatureMoveCallback_(childGuid, composed.x, composed.y, composed.z, 0);
            }
        } else if (attachment.type == ObjectType::GAMEOBJECT) {
            if (gameObjectMoveCallback_) {
                gameObjectMoveCallback_(childGuid, composed.x, composed.y, composed.z, composedOrientation);
            }
        }
    }

    for (uint64_t guid : stale) {
        transportAttachments_.erase(guid);
    }
}

// ============================================================
// Mail System
// ============================================================

void GameHandler::closeMailbox() {
    mailboxOpen_ = false;
    mailboxGuid_ = 0;
    mailInbox_.clear();
    selectedMailIndex_ = -1;
    showMailCompose_ = false;
}

void GameHandler::refreshMailList() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket || mailboxGuid_ == 0) return;
    auto packet = GetMailListPacket::build(mailboxGuid_);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::sendMail(const std::string& recipient, const std::string& subject,
                           const std::string& body, uint32_t money, uint32_t cod) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD) {
        LOG_WARNING("sendMail: not in world");
        return;
    }
    if (!socket) {
        LOG_WARNING("sendMail: no socket");
        return;
    }
    if (mailboxGuid_ == 0) {
        LOG_WARNING("sendMail: mailboxGuid_ is 0 (mailbox closed?)");
        return;
    }
    // Collect attached item GUIDs
    std::vector<uint64_t> itemGuids;
    for (const auto& att : mailAttachments_) {
        if (att.occupied()) {
            itemGuids.push_back(att.itemGuid);
        }
    }
    auto packet = packetParsers_->buildSendMail(mailboxGuid_, recipient, subject, body, money, cod, itemGuids);
    LOG_INFO("sendMail: to='", recipient, "' subject='", subject, "' money=", money,
             " attachments=", itemGuids.size(), " mailboxGuid=", mailboxGuid_);
    socket->send(packet);
    clearMailAttachments();
}

bool GameHandler::attachItemFromBackpack(int backpackIndex) {
    if (backpackIndex < 0 || backpackIndex >= inventory.getBackpackSize()) return false;
    const auto& slot = inventory.getBackpackSlot(backpackIndex);
    if (slot.empty()) return false;

    uint64_t itemGuid = backpackSlotGuids_[backpackIndex];
    if (itemGuid == 0) {
        itemGuid = resolveOnlineItemGuid(slot.item.itemId);
    }
    if (itemGuid == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("Cannot attach: item not found.");
        return false;
    }

    // Check not already attached
    for (const auto& att : mailAttachments_) {
        if (att.occupied() && att.itemGuid == itemGuid) return false;
    }

    // Find free attachment slot
    for (int i = 0; i < MAIL_MAX_ATTACHMENTS; ++i) {
        if (!mailAttachments_[i].occupied()) {
            mailAttachments_[i].itemGuid = itemGuid;
            mailAttachments_[i].item = slot.item;
            mailAttachments_[i].srcBag = 0xFF;
            mailAttachments_[i].srcSlot = static_cast<uint8_t>(23 + backpackIndex);
            LOG_INFO("Mail attach: slot=", i, " item='", slot.item.name, "' guid=0x",
                     std::hex, itemGuid, std::dec, " from backpack[", backpackIndex, "]");
            return true;
        }
    }
    addSystemChatMessage("Cannot attach: all attachment slots full.");
    return false;
}

bool GameHandler::attachItemFromBag(int bagIndex, int slotIndex) {
    if (bagIndex < 0 || bagIndex >= inventory.NUM_BAG_SLOTS) return false;
    if (slotIndex < 0 || slotIndex >= inventory.getBagSize(bagIndex)) return false;
    const auto& slot = inventory.getBagSlot(bagIndex, slotIndex);
    if (slot.empty()) return false;

    uint64_t itemGuid = 0;
    uint64_t bagGuid = equipSlotGuids_[19 + bagIndex];
    if (bagGuid != 0) {
        auto it = containerContents_.find(bagGuid);
        if (it != containerContents_.end() && slotIndex < static_cast<int>(it->second.numSlots)) {
            itemGuid = it->second.slotGuids[slotIndex];
        }
    }
    if (itemGuid == 0) {
        itemGuid = resolveOnlineItemGuid(slot.item.itemId);
    }
    if (itemGuid == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("Cannot attach: item not found.");
        return false;
    }

    for (const auto& att : mailAttachments_) {
        if (att.occupied() && att.itemGuid == itemGuid) return false;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < MAIL_MAX_ATTACHMENTS; ++i) {
        if (!mailAttachments_[i].occupied()) {
            mailAttachments_[i].itemGuid = itemGuid;
            mailAttachments_[i].item = slot.item;
            mailAttachments_[i].srcBag = static_cast<uint8_t>(19 + bagIndex);
            mailAttachments_[i].srcSlot = static_cast<uint8_t>(slotIndex);
            LOG_INFO("Mail attach: slot=", i, " item='", slot.item.name, "' guid=0x",
                     std::hex, itemGuid, std::dec, " from bag[", bagIndex, "][", slotIndex, "]");
            return true;
        }
    }
    addSystemChatMessage("Cannot attach: all attachment slots full.");
    return false;
}

bool GameHandler::detachMailAttachment(int attachIndex) {
    if (attachIndex < 0 || attachIndex >= MAIL_MAX_ATTACHMENTS) return false;
    if (!mailAttachments_[attachIndex].occupied()) return false;
    LOG_INFO("Mail detach: slot=", attachIndex, " item='", mailAttachments_[attachIndex].item.name, "'");
    mailAttachments_[attachIndex] = MailAttachSlot{};
    return true;
}

void GameHandler::clearMailAttachments() {
    for (auto& att : mailAttachments_) att = MailAttachSlot{};
}

int GameHandler::getMailAttachmentCount() const {
    int count = 0;
    for (const auto& att : mailAttachments_) {
        if (att.occupied()) ++count;
    }
    return count;
}

void GameHandler::mailTakeMoney(uint32_t mailId) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket || mailboxGuid_ == 0) return;
    auto packet = MailTakeMoneyPacket::build(mailboxGuid_, mailId);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::mailTakeItem(uint32_t mailId, uint32_t itemGuidLow) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket || mailboxGuid_ == 0) return;
    auto packet = packetParsers_->buildMailTakeItem(mailboxGuid_, mailId, itemGuidLow);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::mailDelete(uint32_t mailId) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket || mailboxGuid_ == 0) return;
    // Find mail template ID for this mail
    uint32_t templateId = 0;
    for (const auto& m : mailInbox_) {
        if (m.messageId == mailId) {
            templateId = m.mailTemplateId;
            break;
        }
    }
    auto packet = packetParsers_->buildMailDelete(mailboxGuid_, mailId, templateId);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::mailMarkAsRead(uint32_t mailId) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket || mailboxGuid_ == 0) return;
    auto packet = MailMarkAsReadPacket::build(mailboxGuid_, mailId);
    socket->send(packet);
}

void GameHandler::handleShowMailbox(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) {
        LOG_WARNING("SMSG_SHOW_MAILBOX too short");
        return;
    }
    uint64_t guid = packet.readUInt64();
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_SHOW_MAILBOX: guid=0x", std::hex, guid, std::dec);
    mailboxGuid_ = guid;
    mailboxOpen_ = true;
    hasNewMail_ = false;
    selectedMailIndex_ = -1;
    showMailCompose_ = false;
    // Request inbox contents
    refreshMailList();
}

void GameHandler::handleMailListResult(network::Packet& packet) {
    size_t remaining = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
    if (remaining < 1) {
        LOG_WARNING("SMSG_MAIL_LIST_RESULT too short (", remaining, " bytes)");
        return;
    }

    // Delegate parsing to expansion-aware packet parser
    packetParsers_->parseMailList(packet, mailInbox_);

    // Resolve sender names (needs GameHandler context, so done here)
    for (auto& msg : mailInbox_) {
        if (msg.messageType == 0 && msg.senderGuid != 0) {
            msg.senderName = getCachedPlayerName(msg.senderGuid);
            if (msg.senderName.empty()) {
                queryPlayerName(msg.senderGuid);
                msg.senderName = "Unknown";
            }
        } else if (msg.messageType == 2) {
            msg.senderName = "Auction House";
        } else if (msg.messageType == 3) {
            msg.senderName = getCachedCreatureName(msg.senderEntry);
            if (msg.senderName.empty()) msg.senderName = "NPC";
        } else {
            msg.senderName = "System";
        }
    }

    // Open the mailbox UI if it isn't already open (Vanilla has no SMSG_SHOW_MAILBOX).
    if (!mailboxOpen_) {
        LOG_INFO("Opening mailbox UI (triggered by SMSG_MAIL_LIST_RESULT)");
        mailboxOpen_ = true;
        hasNewMail_ = false;
        selectedMailIndex_ = -1;
        showMailCompose_ = false;
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleSendMailResult(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 12) {
        LOG_WARNING("SMSG_SEND_MAIL_RESULT too short");
        return;
    }

    uint32_t mailId = packet.readUInt32();
    uint32_t command = packet.readUInt32();
    uint32_t error = packet.readUInt32();

    // Commands: 0=send, 1=moneyTaken, 2=itemTaken, 3=returnedToSender, 4=deleted, 5=madePermanent
    // Vanilla errors: 0=OK, 1=equipError, 2=cannotSendToSelf, 3=notEnoughMoney, 4=recipientNotFound, 5=notYourTeam, 6=internalError
    static const char* cmdNames[] = {"Send", "TakeMoney", "TakeItem", "Return", "Delete", "MadePermanent"};
    const char* cmdName = (command < 6) ? cmdNames[command] : "Unknown";

    LOG_INFO("SMSG_SEND_MAIL_RESULT: mailId=", mailId, " cmd=", cmdName, " error=", error);

    if (error == 0) {
        // Success
        switch (command) {
            case 0: // Send
                addSystemChatMessage("Mail sent successfully.");
                showMailCompose_ = false;
                refreshMailList();
                break;
            case 1: // Money taken
                addSystemChatMessage("Money received from mail.");
                refreshMailList();
                break;
            case 2: // Item taken
                addSystemChatMessage("Item received from mail.");
                refreshMailList();
                break;
            case 4: // Deleted
                selectedMailIndex_ = -1;
                refreshMailList();
                break;
            default:
                refreshMailList();
                break;
        }
    } else {
        // Error
        std::string errMsg = "Mail error: ";
        switch (error) {
            case 1: errMsg += "Equipment error."; break;
            case 2: errMsg += "You cannot send mail to yourself."; break;
            case 3: errMsg += "Not enough money."; break;
            case 4: errMsg += "Recipient not found."; break;
            case 5: errMsg += "Cannot send to the opposing faction."; break;
            case 6: errMsg += "Internal mail error."; break;
            case 14: errMsg += "Disabled for trial accounts."; break;
            case 15: errMsg += "Recipient's mailbox is full."; break;
            case 16: errMsg += "Cannot send wrapped items COD."; break;
            case 17: errMsg += "Mail and chat suspended."; break;
            case 18: errMsg += "Too many attachments."; break;
            case 19: errMsg += "Invalid attachment."; break;
            default: errMsg += "Unknown error (" + std::to_string(error) + ")."; break;
        }
        addSystemChatMessage(errMsg);
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleReceivedMail(network::Packet& packet) {
    // Server notifies us that new mail arrived
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
        float nextMailTime = packet.readFloat();
        (void)nextMailTime;
    }
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_RECEIVED_MAIL: New mail arrived!");
    hasNewMail_ = true;
    addSystemChatMessage("New mail has arrived.");
    // If mailbox is open, refresh
    if (mailboxOpen_) {
        refreshMailList();
    }
}

void GameHandler::handleQueryNextMailTime(network::Packet& packet) {
    // Server response to MSG_QUERY_NEXT_MAIL_TIME
    // If there's pending mail, the packet contains a float with time until next mail delivery
    // A value of 0.0 or the presence of mail entries means there IS mail waiting
    size_t remaining = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
    if (remaining >= 4) {
        float nextMailTime = packet.readFloat();
        // In Vanilla: 0x00000000 = has mail, 0xC7A8C000 (big negative) = no mail
        uint32_t rawValue;
        std::memcpy(&rawValue, &nextMailTime, sizeof(uint32_t));
        if (rawValue == 0 || nextMailTime >= 0.0f) {
            hasNewMail_ = true;
            LOG_INFO("MSG_QUERY_NEXT_MAIL_TIME: Player has pending mail");
        } else {
            LOG_INFO("MSG_QUERY_NEXT_MAIL_TIME: No pending mail (value=", nextMailTime, ")");
        }
    }
}

glm::vec3 GameHandler::getComposedWorldPosition() {
    if (playerTransportGuid_ != 0 && transportManager_) {
        return transportManager_->getPlayerWorldPosition(playerTransportGuid_, playerTransportOffset_);
    }
    // Not on transport, return normal movement position
    return glm::vec3(movementInfo.x, movementInfo.y, movementInfo.z);
}

// ============================================================
// Bank System
// ============================================================

void GameHandler::openBank(uint64_t guid) {
    if (!isConnected()) return;
    auto pkt = BankerActivatePacket::build(guid);
    socket->send(pkt);
}

void GameHandler::closeBank() {
    bankOpen_ = false;
    bankerGuid_ = 0;
}

void GameHandler::buyBankSlot() {
    if (!isConnected() || !bankOpen_) {
        LOG_WARNING("buyBankSlot: not connected or bank not open");
        return;
    }
    LOG_WARNING("buyBankSlot: sending CMSG_BUY_BANK_SLOT banker=0x", std::hex, bankerGuid_, std::dec,
             " purchased=", static_cast<int>(inventory.getPurchasedBankBagSlots()));
    auto pkt = BuyBankSlotPacket::build(bankerGuid_);
    socket->send(pkt);
}

void GameHandler::depositItem(uint8_t srcBag, uint8_t srcSlot) {
    if (!isConnected() || !bankOpen_) return;
    auto pkt = AutoBankItemPacket::build(srcBag, srcSlot);
    socket->send(pkt);
}

void GameHandler::withdrawItem(uint8_t srcBag, uint8_t srcSlot) {
    if (!isConnected() || !bankOpen_) return;
    auto pkt = AutoStoreBankItemPacket::build(srcBag, srcSlot);
    socket->send(pkt);
}

void GameHandler::handleShowBank(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) return;
    bankerGuid_ = packet.readUInt64();
    bankOpen_ = true;
    gossipWindowOpen = false;  // Close gossip when bank opens
    // Bank items are already tracked via update fields (bank slot GUIDs)
    // Trigger rebuild to populate bank slots in inventory
    rebuildOnlineInventory();
    // Count bank bags that actually have items/containers
    int filledBags = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < effectiveBankBagSlots_; i++) {
        if (inventory.getBankBagSize(i) > 0) filledBags++;
    }
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_SHOW_BANK: banker=0x", std::hex, bankerGuid_, std::dec,
             " purchased=", static_cast<int>(inventory.getPurchasedBankBagSlots()),
             " filledBags=", filledBags,
             " effectiveBankBagSlots=", effectiveBankBagSlots_);
}

void GameHandler::handleBuyBankSlotResult(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) return;
    uint32_t result = packet.readUInt32();
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_BUY_BANK_SLOT_RESULT: result=", result);
    // AzerothCore/TrinityCore: 0=TOO_MANY, 1=INSUFFICIENT_FUNDS, 2=NOT_BANKER, 3=OK
    if (result == 3) {
        addSystemChatMessage("Bank slot purchased.");
        inventory.setPurchasedBankBagSlots(inventory.getPurchasedBankBagSlots() + 1);
    } else if (result == 1) {
        addSystemChatMessage("Not enough gold to purchase bank slot.");
    } else if (result == 0) {
        addSystemChatMessage("No more bank slots available.");
    } else if (result == 2) {
        addSystemChatMessage("You must be at a banker to purchase bank slots.");
    } else {
        addSystemChatMessage("Cannot purchase bank slot (error " + std::to_string(result) + ").");
    }
}

// ============================================================
// Guild Bank System
// ============================================================

void GameHandler::openGuildBank(uint64_t guid) {
    if (!isConnected()) return;
    auto pkt = GuildBankerActivatePacket::build(guid);
    socket->send(pkt);
}

void GameHandler::closeGuildBank() {
    guildBankOpen_ = false;
    guildBankerGuid_ = 0;
}

void GameHandler::queryGuildBankTab(uint8_t tabId) {
    if (!isConnected() || !guildBankOpen_) return;
    guildBankActiveTab_ = tabId;
    auto pkt = GuildBankQueryTabPacket::build(guildBankerGuid_, tabId, true);
    socket->send(pkt);
}

void GameHandler::buyGuildBankTab() {
    if (!isConnected() || !guildBankOpen_) return;
    uint8_t nextTab = static_cast<uint8_t>(guildBankData_.tabs.size());
    auto pkt = GuildBankBuyTabPacket::build(guildBankerGuid_, nextTab);
    socket->send(pkt);
}

void GameHandler::depositGuildBankMoney(uint32_t amount) {
    if (!isConnected() || !guildBankOpen_) return;
    auto pkt = GuildBankDepositMoneyPacket::build(guildBankerGuid_, amount);
    socket->send(pkt);
}

void GameHandler::withdrawGuildBankMoney(uint32_t amount) {
    if (!isConnected() || !guildBankOpen_) return;
    auto pkt = GuildBankWithdrawMoneyPacket::build(guildBankerGuid_, amount);
    socket->send(pkt);
}

void GameHandler::guildBankWithdrawItem(uint8_t tabId, uint8_t bankSlot, uint8_t destBag, uint8_t destSlot) {
    if (!isConnected() || !guildBankOpen_) return;
    auto pkt = GuildBankSwapItemsPacket::buildBankToInventory(guildBankerGuid_, tabId, bankSlot, destBag, destSlot);
    socket->send(pkt);
}

void GameHandler::guildBankDepositItem(uint8_t tabId, uint8_t bankSlot, uint8_t srcBag, uint8_t srcSlot) {
    if (!isConnected() || !guildBankOpen_) return;
    auto pkt = GuildBankSwapItemsPacket::buildInventoryToBank(guildBankerGuid_, tabId, bankSlot, srcBag, srcSlot);
    socket->send(pkt);
}

void GameHandler::handleGuildBankList(network::Packet& packet) {
    GuildBankData data;
    if (!GuildBankListParser::parse(packet, data)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_GUILD_BANK_LIST");
        return;
    }
    guildBankData_ = data;
    guildBankOpen_ = true;
    guildBankActiveTab_ = data.tabId;

    // Ensure item info for all guild bank items
    for (const auto& item : data.tabItems) {
        if (item.itemEntry != 0) ensureItemInfo(item.itemEntry);
    }

    LOG_INFO("SMSG_GUILD_BANK_LIST: tab=", (int)data.tabId,
             " items=", data.tabItems.size(),
             " tabs=", data.tabs.size(),
             " money=", data.money);
}

// ============================================================
// Auction House System
// ============================================================

void GameHandler::openAuctionHouse(uint64_t guid) {
    if (!isConnected()) return;
    auto pkt = AuctionHelloPacket::build(guid);
    socket->send(pkt);
}

void GameHandler::closeAuctionHouse() {
    auctionOpen_ = false;
    auctioneerGuid_ = 0;
}

void GameHandler::auctionSearch(const std::string& name, uint8_t levelMin, uint8_t levelMax,
                                 uint32_t quality, uint32_t itemClass, uint32_t itemSubClass,
                                 uint32_t invTypeMask, uint8_t usableOnly, uint32_t offset)
{
    if (!isConnected() || !auctionOpen_) return;
    if (auctionSearchDelayTimer_ > 0.0f) {
        addSystemChatMessage("Please wait before searching again.");
        return;
    }
    // Save search params for pagination and auto-refresh
    lastAuctionSearch_ = {name, levelMin, levelMax, quality, itemClass, itemSubClass, invTypeMask, usableOnly, offset};
    pendingAuctionTarget_ = AuctionResultTarget::BROWSE;
    auto pkt = AuctionListItemsPacket::build(auctioneerGuid_, offset, name,
                                              levelMin, levelMax, invTypeMask,
                                              itemClass, itemSubClass, quality, usableOnly, 0);
    socket->send(pkt);
}

void GameHandler::auctionSellItem(uint64_t itemGuid, uint32_t stackCount,
                                    uint32_t bid, uint32_t buyout, uint32_t duration)
{
    if (!isConnected() || !auctionOpen_) return;
    auto pkt = AuctionSellItemPacket::build(auctioneerGuid_, itemGuid, stackCount, bid, buyout, duration);
    socket->send(pkt);
}

void GameHandler::auctionPlaceBid(uint32_t auctionId, uint32_t amount) {
    if (!isConnected() || !auctionOpen_) return;
    auto pkt = AuctionPlaceBidPacket::build(auctioneerGuid_, auctionId, amount);
    socket->send(pkt);
}

void GameHandler::auctionBuyout(uint32_t auctionId, uint32_t buyoutPrice) {
    auctionPlaceBid(auctionId, buyoutPrice);
}

void GameHandler::auctionCancelItem(uint32_t auctionId) {
    if (!isConnected() || !auctionOpen_) return;
    auto pkt = AuctionRemoveItemPacket::build(auctioneerGuid_, auctionId);
    socket->send(pkt);
}

void GameHandler::auctionListOwnerItems(uint32_t offset) {
    if (!isConnected() || !auctionOpen_) return;
    pendingAuctionTarget_ = AuctionResultTarget::OWNER;
    auto pkt = AuctionListOwnerItemsPacket::build(auctioneerGuid_, offset);
    socket->send(pkt);
}

void GameHandler::auctionListBidderItems(uint32_t offset) {
    if (!isConnected() || !auctionOpen_) return;
    pendingAuctionTarget_ = AuctionResultTarget::BIDDER;
    auto pkt = AuctionListBidderItemsPacket::build(auctioneerGuid_, offset);
    socket->send(pkt);
}

void GameHandler::handleAuctionHello(network::Packet& packet) {
    size_t pktSize = packet.getSize();
    size_t readPos = packet.getReadPos();
    LOG_INFO("handleAuctionHello: packetSize=", pktSize, " readPos=", readPos);
    // Hex dump first 20 bytes for debugging
    const auto& rawData = packet.getData();
    std::string hex;
    size_t dumpLen = std::min<size_t>(rawData.size(), 20);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < dumpLen; ++i) {
        char b[4]; snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "%02x ", rawData[i]);
        hex += b;
    }
    LOG_INFO("  hex dump: ", hex);
    AuctionHelloData data;
    if (!AuctionHelloParser::parse(packet, data)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse MSG_AUCTION_HELLO response, size=", pktSize, " readPos=", readPos);
        return;
    }
    auctioneerGuid_ = data.auctioneerGuid;
    auctionHouseId_ = data.auctionHouseId;
    auctionOpen_ = true;
    gossipWindowOpen = false;  // Close gossip when auction house opens
    auctionActiveTab_ = 0;
    auctionBrowseResults_ = AuctionListResult{};
    auctionOwnerResults_ = AuctionListResult{};
    auctionBidderResults_ = AuctionListResult{};
    LOG_INFO("MSG_AUCTION_HELLO: auctioneer=0x", std::hex, data.auctioneerGuid, std::dec,
             " house=", data.auctionHouseId, " enabled=", (int)data.enabled);
}

void GameHandler::handleAuctionListResult(network::Packet& packet) {
    // Classic 1.12 has 1 enchant slot per auction entry; TBC/WotLK have 3.
    const int enchSlots = isClassicLikeExpansion() ? 1 : 3;
    AuctionListResult result;
    if (!AuctionListResultParser::parse(packet, result, enchSlots)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_AUCTION_LIST_RESULT");
        return;
    }

    auctionBrowseResults_ = result;
    auctionSearchDelayTimer_ = result.searchDelay / 1000.0f;

    // Ensure item info for all auction items
    for (const auto& entry : result.auctions) {
        if (entry.itemEntry != 0) ensureItemInfo(entry.itemEntry);
    }

    LOG_INFO("SMSG_AUCTION_LIST_RESULT: ", result.auctions.size(), " items, total=", result.totalCount);
}

void GameHandler::handleAuctionOwnerListResult(network::Packet& packet) {
    const int enchSlots = isClassicLikeExpansion() ? 1 : 3;
    AuctionListResult result;
    if (!AuctionListResultParser::parse(packet, result, enchSlots)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_AUCTION_OWNER_LIST_RESULT");
        return;
    }
    auctionOwnerResults_ = result;
    for (const auto& entry : result.auctions) {
        if (entry.itemEntry != 0) ensureItemInfo(entry.itemEntry);
    }
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_AUCTION_OWNER_LIST_RESULT: ", result.auctions.size(), " items");
}

void GameHandler::handleAuctionBidderListResult(network::Packet& packet) {
    const int enchSlots = isClassicLikeExpansion() ? 1 : 3;
    AuctionListResult result;
    if (!AuctionListResultParser::parse(packet, result, enchSlots)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_AUCTION_BIDDER_LIST_RESULT");
        return;
    }
    auctionBidderResults_ = result;
    for (const auto& entry : result.auctions) {
        if (entry.itemEntry != 0) ensureItemInfo(entry.itemEntry);
    }
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_AUCTION_BIDDER_LIST_RESULT: ", result.auctions.size(), " items");
}

void GameHandler::handleAuctionCommandResult(network::Packet& packet) {
    AuctionCommandResult result;
    if (!AuctionCommandResultParser::parse(packet, result)) {
        LOG_WARNING("Failed to parse SMSG_AUCTION_COMMAND_RESULT");
        return;
    }

    const char* actions[] = {"Create", "Cancel", "Bid", "Buyout"};
    const char* actionName = (result.action < 4) ? actions[result.action] : "Unknown";

    if (result.errorCode == 0) {
        std::string msg = std::string("Auction ") + actionName + " successful.";
        addSystemChatMessage(msg);
        // Refresh appropriate lists
        if (result.action == 0) auctionListOwnerItems();       // create
        else if (result.action == 1) auctionListOwnerItems();  // cancel
        else if (result.action == 2 || result.action == 3) {   // bid or buyout
            auctionListBidderItems();
            // Re-query browse results with the same filters the user last searched with
            const auto& s = lastAuctionSearch_;
            auctionSearch(s.name, s.levelMin, s.levelMax, s.quality,
                          s.itemClass, s.itemSubClass, s.invTypeMask, s.usableOnly, s.offset);
        }
    } else {
        const char* errors[] = {"OK", "Inventory", "Not enough money", "Item not found",
                                "Higher bid", "Increment", "Not enough items",
                                "DB error", "Restricted account"};
        const char* errName = (result.errorCode < 9) ? errors[result.errorCode] : "Unknown";
        std::string msg = std::string("Auction ") + actionName + " failed: " + errName;
        addUIError(msg);
        addSystemChatMessage(msg);
    }
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_AUCTION_COMMAND_RESULT: action=", actionName,
             " error=", result.errorCode);
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Item text (SMSG_ITEM_TEXT_QUERY_RESPONSE)
//   uint64 itemGuid + uint8 isEmpty + string text (when !isEmpty)
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void GameHandler::handleItemTextQueryResponse(network::Packet& packet) {
    size_t rem = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
    if (rem < 9) return;  // guid(8) + isEmpty(1)

    /*uint64_t guid =*/ packet.readUInt64();
    uint8_t isEmpty = packet.readUInt8();
    if (!isEmpty) {
        itemText_    = packet.readString();
        itemTextOpen_= !itemText_.empty();
    }
    LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_ITEM_TEXT_QUERY_RESPONSE: isEmpty=", (int)isEmpty,
              " len=", itemText_.size());
}

void GameHandler::queryItemText(uint64_t itemGuid) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_ITEM_TEXT_QUERY));
    pkt.writeUInt64(itemGuid);
    socket->send(pkt);
    LOG_DEBUG("CMSG_ITEM_TEXT_QUERY: guid=0x", std::hex, itemGuid, std::dec);
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// SMSG_QUEST_CONFIRM_ACCEPT (shared quest from group member)
//   uint32 questId + string questTitle + uint64 sharerGuid
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void GameHandler::handleQuestConfirmAccept(network::Packet& packet) {
    size_t rem = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
    if (rem < 4) return;

    sharedQuestId_    = packet.readUInt32();
    sharedQuestTitle_ = packet.readString();
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
        sharedQuestSharerGuid_ = packet.readUInt64();
    }

    sharedQuestSharerName_.clear();
    auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(sharedQuestSharerGuid_);
    if (auto* unit = dynamic_cast<Unit*>(entity.get())) {
        sharedQuestSharerName_ = unit->getName();
    }
    if (sharedQuestSharerName_.empty()) {
        auto nit = playerNameCache.find(sharedQuestSharerGuid_);
        if (nit != playerNameCache.end())
            sharedQuestSharerName_ = nit->second;
    }
    if (sharedQuestSharerName_.empty()) {
        char tmp[32];
        std::snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "0x%llX",
                      static_cast<unsigned long long>(sharedQuestSharerGuid_));
        sharedQuestSharerName_ = tmp;
    }

    pendingSharedQuest_ = true;
    addSystemChatMessage(sharedQuestSharerName_ + " has shared the quest \"" +
                         sharedQuestTitle_ + "\" with you.");
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_QUEST_CONFIRM_ACCEPT: questId=", sharedQuestId_,
             " title=", sharedQuestTitle_, " sharer=", sharedQuestSharerName_);
}

void GameHandler::acceptSharedQuest() {
    if (!pendingSharedQuest_ || !socket) return;
    pendingSharedQuest_ = false;
    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_QUEST_CONFIRM_ACCEPT));
    pkt.writeUInt32(sharedQuestId_);
    socket->send(pkt);
    addSystemChatMessage("Accepted: " + sharedQuestTitle_);
}

void GameHandler::declineSharedQuest() {
    pendingSharedQuest_ = false;
    // No response packet needed — just dismiss the UI
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// SMSG_SUMMON_REQUEST
//   uint64 summonerGuid + uint32 zoneId + uint32 timeoutMs
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void GameHandler::handleSummonRequest(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 16) return;

    summonerGuid_        = packet.readUInt64();
    uint32_t zoneId      = packet.readUInt32();
    uint32_t timeoutMs   = packet.readUInt32();
    summonTimeoutSec_    = timeoutMs / 1000.0f;
    pendingSummonRequest_= true;

    summonerName_.clear();
    auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(summonerGuid_);
    if (auto* unit = dynamic_cast<Unit*>(entity.get())) {
        summonerName_ = unit->getName();
    }
    if (summonerName_.empty()) {
        auto nit = playerNameCache.find(summonerGuid_);
        if (nit != playerNameCache.end())
            summonerName_ = nit->second;
    }
    if (summonerName_.empty()) {
        char tmp[32];
        std::snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "0x%llX",
                      static_cast<unsigned long long>(summonerGuid_));
        summonerName_ = tmp;
    }

    std::string msg = summonerName_ + " is summoning you";
    std::string zoneName = getAreaName(zoneId);
    if (!zoneName.empty())
        msg += " to " + zoneName;
    msg += '.';
    addSystemChatMessage(msg);
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_SUMMON_REQUEST: summoner=", summonerName_,
             " zoneId=", zoneId, " timeout=", summonTimeoutSec_, "s");
}

void GameHandler::acceptSummon() {
    if (!pendingSummonRequest_ || !socket) return;
    pendingSummonRequest_ = false;
    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_SUMMON_RESPONSE));
    pkt.writeUInt8(1);  // 1 = accept
    socket->send(pkt);
    addSystemChatMessage("Accepting summon...");
    LOG_INFO("Accepted summon from ", summonerName_);
}

void GameHandler::declineSummon() {
    if (!socket) return;
    pendingSummonRequest_ = false;
    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_SUMMON_RESPONSE));
    pkt.writeUInt8(0);  // 0 = decline
    socket->send(pkt);
    addSystemChatMessage("Summon declined.");
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Trade (SMSG_TRADE_STATUS / SMSG_TRADE_STATUS_EXTENDED)
// WotLK 3.3.5a status values:
//   0=busy, 1=begin_trade(+guid), 2=open_window, 3=cancelled, 4=accepted,
//   5=busy2, 6=no_target, 7=back_to_trade, 8=complete, 9=rejected,
//   10=too_far, 11=wrong_faction, 12=close_window, 13=ignore,
//   14-19=stun/dead/logout, 20=trial, 21=conjured_only
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void GameHandler::handleTradeStatus(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) return;
    uint32_t status = packet.readUInt32();

    switch (status) {
        case 1: { // BEGIN_TRADE — incoming request; read initiator GUID
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
                tradePeerGuid_ = packet.readUInt64();
            }
            // Resolve name from entity list
            tradePeerName_.clear();
            auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(tradePeerGuid_);
            if (auto* unit = dynamic_cast<Unit*>(entity.get())) {
                tradePeerName_ = unit->getName();
            }
            if (tradePeerName_.empty()) {
                auto nit = playerNameCache.find(tradePeerGuid_);
                if (nit != playerNameCache.end())
                    tradePeerName_ = nit->second;
            }
            if (tradePeerName_.empty()) {
                char tmp[32];
                std::snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "0x%llX",
                              static_cast<unsigned long long>(tradePeerGuid_));
                tradePeerName_ = tmp;
            }
            tradeStatus_ = TradeStatus::PendingIncoming;
            addSystemChatMessage(tradePeerName_ + " wants to trade with you.");
            break;
        }
        case 2: // OPEN_WINDOW
            myTradeSlots_.fill(TradeSlot{});
            peerTradeSlots_.fill(TradeSlot{});
            myTradeGold_   = 0;
            peerTradeGold_ = 0;
            tradeStatus_ = TradeStatus::Open;
            addSystemChatMessage("Trade window opened.");
            break;
        case 3:  // CANCELLED
        case 12: // CLOSE_WINDOW
            resetTradeState();
            addSystemChatMessage("Trade cancelled.");
            break;
        case 9: // REJECTED — other player clicked Decline
            resetTradeState();
            addSystemChatMessage("Trade declined.");
            break;
        case 4: // ACCEPTED (partner accepted)
            tradeStatus_ = TradeStatus::Accepted;
            addSystemChatMessage("Trade accepted. Awaiting other player...");
            break;
        case 8: // COMPLETE
            addSystemChatMessage("Trade complete!");
            resetTradeState();
            break;
        case 7: // BACK_TO_TRADE (unaccepted after a change)
            tradeStatus_ = TradeStatus::Open;
            addSystemChatMessage("Trade offer changed.");
            break;
        case 10: addSystemChatMessage("Trade target is too far away."); break;
        case 11: addSystemChatMessage("Trade failed: wrong faction."); break;
        case 13: addSystemChatMessage("Trade failed: player ignores you."); break;
        case 14: addSystemChatMessage("Trade failed: you are stunned."); break;
        case 15: addSystemChatMessage("Trade failed: target is stunned."); break;
        case 16: addSystemChatMessage("Trade failed: you are dead."); break;
        case 17: addSystemChatMessage("Trade failed: target is dead."); break;
        case 20: addSystemChatMessage("Trial accounts cannot trade."); break;
        default: break;
    }
    LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_TRADE_STATUS: status=", status);
}

void GameHandler::acceptTradeRequest() {
    if (tradeStatus_ != TradeStatus::PendingIncoming || !socket) return;
    tradeStatus_ = TradeStatus::Open;
    socket->send(BeginTradePacket::build());
}

void GameHandler::declineTradeRequest() {
    if (!socket) return;
    tradeStatus_ = TradeStatus::None;
    socket->send(CancelTradePacket::build());
}

void GameHandler::acceptTrade() {
    if (!isTradeOpen() || !socket) return;
    tradeStatus_ = TradeStatus::Accepted;
    socket->send(AcceptTradePacket::build());
}

void GameHandler::cancelTrade() {
    if (!socket) return;
    resetTradeState();
    socket->send(CancelTradePacket::build());
}

void GameHandler::setTradeItem(uint8_t tradeSlot, uint8_t bag, uint8_t bagSlot) {
    if (!isTradeOpen() || !socket || tradeSlot >= TRADE_SLOT_COUNT) return;
    socket->send(SetTradeItemPacket::build(tradeSlot, bag, bagSlot));
}

void GameHandler::clearTradeItem(uint8_t tradeSlot) {
    if (!isTradeOpen() || !socket || tradeSlot >= TRADE_SLOT_COUNT) return;
    myTradeSlots_[tradeSlot] = TradeSlot{};
    socket->send(ClearTradeItemPacket::build(tradeSlot));
}

void GameHandler::setTradeGold(uint64_t copper) {
    if (!isTradeOpen() || !socket) return;
    myTradeGold_ = copper;
    socket->send(SetTradeGoldPacket::build(copper));
}

void GameHandler::resetTradeState() {
    tradeStatus_   = TradeStatus::None;
    myTradeGold_   = 0;
    peerTradeGold_ = 0;
    myTradeSlots_.fill(TradeSlot{});
    peerTradeSlots_.fill(TradeSlot{});
}

void GameHandler::handleTradeStatusExtended(network::Packet& packet) {
    // SMSG_TRADE_STATUS_EXTENDED format differs by expansion:
    //
    // Classic/TBC:
    //   uint8  isSelf + uint32 slotCount + [slots] + uint64 coins
    //   Per slot tail (after isWrapped): giftCreatorGuid(8) + enchants(24) +
    //     randomPropertyId(4) + suffixFactor(4) + durability(4) + maxDurability(4) = 48 bytes
    //
    // WotLK 3.3.5a adds:
    //   uint32 tradeId  (after isSelf, before slotCount)
    //   Per slot: + createPlayedTime(4) at end of trail  → trail = 52 bytes
    //
    // Minimum: isSelf(1) + [tradeId(4)] + slotCount(4) = 5 or 9 bytes
    const bool isWotLK = isActiveExpansion("wotlk");
    size_t minHdr = isWotLK ? 9u : 5u;
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < minHdr) return;

    uint8_t isSelf = packet.readUInt8();
    if (isWotLK) {
        /*uint32_t tradeId =*/ packet.readUInt32();  // WotLK-only field
    }
    uint32_t slotCount = packet.readUInt32();

    // Per-slot tail bytes after isWrapped:
    //   Classic/TBC: giftCreatorGuid(8) + enchants(24) + stats(16) = 48
    //   WotLK: same + createPlayedTime(4) = 52
    const size_t SLOT_TRAIL = isWotLK ? 52u : 48u;

    auto& slots = isSelf ? myTradeSlots_ : peerTradeSlots_;

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < slotCount && (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos()) >= 14; ++i) {
        uint8_t  slotIdx    = packet.readUInt8();
        uint32_t itemId     = packet.readUInt32();
        uint32_t displayId  = packet.readUInt32();
        uint32_t stackCount = packet.readUInt32();

        bool isWrapped = false;
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 1) {
            isWrapped = (packet.readUInt8() != 0);
        }
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= SLOT_TRAIL) {
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getReadPos() + SLOT_TRAIL);
        } else {
            packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
            return;
        }
        (void)isWrapped;

        if (slotIdx < TRADE_SLOT_COUNT) {
            TradeSlot& s = slots[slotIdx];
            s.itemId     = itemId;
            s.displayId  = displayId;
            s.stackCount = stackCount;
            s.occupied   = (itemId != 0);
        }
    }

    // Gold offered (uint64 copper)
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 8) {
        uint64_t coins = packet.readUInt64();
        if (isSelf) myTradeGold_   = coins;
        else        peerTradeGold_ = coins;
    }

    // Prefetch item info for all occupied trade slots so names show immediately
    for (const auto& s : slots) {
        if (s.occupied && s.itemId != 0) queryItemInfo(s.itemId, 0);
    }

    LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_TRADE_STATUS_EXTENDED: isSelf=", (int)isSelf,
              " myGold=", myTradeGold_, " peerGold=", peerTradeGold_);
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Group loot roll (SMSG_LOOT_ROLL / SMSG_LOOT_ROLL_WON / CMSG_LOOT_ROLL)
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void GameHandler::handleLootRoll(network::Packet& packet) {
    // WotLK 3.3.5a: uint64 objectGuid, uint32 slot, uint64 playerGuid,
    //              uint32 itemId, uint32 randomSuffix, uint32 randomPropId, uint8 rollNumber, uint8 rollType (34 bytes)
    // Classic/TBC:  uint64 objectGuid, uint32 slot, uint64 playerGuid,
    //              uint32 itemId, uint8 rollNumber, uint8 rollType (26 bytes)
    const bool isWotLK = isActiveExpansion("wotlk");
    const size_t minSize = isWotLK ? 34u : 26u;
    size_t rem = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
    if (rem < minSize) return;

    uint64_t objectGuid = packet.readUInt64();
    uint32_t slot       = packet.readUInt32();
    uint64_t rollerGuid = packet.readUInt64();
    uint32_t itemId     = packet.readUInt32();
    if (isWotLK) {
        /*uint32_t randSuffix =*/ packet.readUInt32();
        /*uint32_t randProp   =*/ packet.readUInt32();
    }
    uint8_t  rollNum    = packet.readUInt8();
    uint8_t  rollType   = packet.readUInt8();

    // rollType 128 = "waiting for this player to roll"
    if (rollType == 128 && rollerGuid == playerGuid) {
        // Server is asking us to roll; present the roll UI.
        pendingLootRollActive_             = true;
        pendingLootRoll_.objectGuid        = objectGuid;
        pendingLootRoll_.slot              = slot;
        pendingLootRoll_.itemId            = itemId;
        pendingLootRoll_.playerRolls.clear();
        // Ensure item info is in cache; query if not
        queryItemInfo(itemId, 0);
        // Look up item name from cache
        auto* info = getItemInfo(itemId);
        pendingLootRoll_.itemName  = info ? info->name : std::to_string(itemId);
        pendingLootRoll_.itemQuality = info ? static_cast<uint8_t>(info->quality) : 0;
        pendingLootRoll_.rollCountdownMs = 60000;
        pendingLootRoll_.rollStartedAt   = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
        LOG_INFO("SMSG_LOOT_ROLL: need/greed prompt for item=", itemId,
                 " (", pendingLootRoll_.itemName, ") slot=", slot);
        return;
    }

    // Otherwise it's reporting another player's roll result
    const char* rollNames[] = {"Need", "Greed", "Disenchant", "Pass"};
    const char* rollName = (rollType < 4) ? rollNames[rollType] : "Pass";

    std::string rollerName;
    auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(rollerGuid);
    if (auto* unit = dynamic_cast<Unit*>(entity.get())) {
        rollerName = unit->getName();
    }
    if (rollerName.empty()) rollerName = "Someone";

    // Track in the live roll list while our popup is open for the same item
    if (pendingLootRollActive_ &&
        pendingLootRoll_.objectGuid == objectGuid &&
        pendingLootRoll_.slot == slot) {
        bool found = false;
        for (auto& r : pendingLootRoll_.playerRolls) {
            if (r.playerName == rollerName) {
                r.rollNum  = rollNum;
                r.rollType = rollType;
                found = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (!found) {
            LootRollEntry::PlayerRollResult prr;
            prr.playerName = rollerName;
            prr.rollNum    = rollNum;
            prr.rollType   = rollType;
            pendingLootRoll_.playerRolls.push_back(std::move(prr));
        }
    }

    auto* info = getItemInfo(itemId);
    std::string iName = info && !info->name.empty() ? info->name : std::to_string(itemId);
    uint32_t rollItemQuality = info ? info->quality : 1u;
    std::string rollItemLink = buildItemLink(itemId, rollItemQuality, iName);

    addSystemChatMessage(rollerName + " rolls " + rollName + " (" + std::to_string(rollNum) + ") on " + rollItemLink);

    LOG_DEBUG("SMSG_LOOT_ROLL: ", rollerName, " rolled ", rollName,
              " (", rollNum, ") on item ", itemId);
    (void)objectGuid; (void)slot;
}

void GameHandler::handleLootRollWon(network::Packet& packet) {
    // WotLK 3.3.5a: uint64 objectGuid, uint32 slot, uint64 winnerGuid,
    //              uint32 itemId, uint32 randomSuffix, uint32 randomPropId, uint8 rollNumber, uint8 rollType (34 bytes)
    // Classic/TBC:  uint64 objectGuid, uint32 slot, uint64 winnerGuid,
    //              uint32 itemId, uint8 rollNumber, uint8 rollType (26 bytes)
    const bool isWotLK = isActiveExpansion("wotlk");
    const size_t minSize = isWotLK ? 34u : 26u;
    size_t rem = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
    if (rem < minSize) return;

    /*uint64_t objectGuid =*/ packet.readUInt64();
    /*uint32_t slot       =*/ packet.readUInt32();
    uint64_t winnerGuid = packet.readUInt64();
    uint32_t itemId     = packet.readUInt32();
    if (isWotLK) {
        /*uint32_t randSuffix =*/ packet.readUInt32();
        /*uint32_t randProp   =*/ packet.readUInt32();
    }
    uint8_t  rollNum    = packet.readUInt8();
    uint8_t  rollType   = packet.readUInt8();

    const char* rollNames[] = {"Need", "Greed", "Disenchant"};
    const char* rollName = (rollType < 3) ? rollNames[rollType] : "Roll";

    std::string winnerName;
    auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(winnerGuid);
    if (auto* unit = dynamic_cast<Unit*>(entity.get())) {
        winnerName = unit->getName();
    }
    if (winnerName.empty()) {
        winnerName = (winnerGuid == playerGuid) ? "You" : "Someone";
    }

    auto* info = getItemInfo(itemId);
    std::string iName = info && !info->name.empty() ? info->name : std::to_string(itemId);
    uint32_t wonItemQuality = info ? info->quality : 1u;
    std::string wonItemLink = buildItemLink(itemId, wonItemQuality, iName);

    addSystemChatMessage(winnerName + " wins " + wonItemLink + " (" + rollName + " " + std::to_string(rollNum) + ")!");

    // Dismiss roll popup — roll contest is over regardless of who won
    pendingLootRollActive_ = false;
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_LOOT_ROLL_WON: winner=", winnerName, " item=", itemId,
             " roll=", rollName, "(", rollNum, ")");
}

void GameHandler::sendLootRoll(uint64_t objectGuid, uint32_t slot, uint8_t rollType) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    pendingLootRollActive_ = false;

    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_LOOT_ROLL));
    pkt.writeUInt64(objectGuid);
    pkt.writeUInt32(slot);
    pkt.writeUInt8(rollType);
    socket->send(pkt);

    const char* rollNames[] = {"Need", "Greed", "Disenchant", "Pass"};
    const char* rName = (rollType < 3) ? rollNames[rollType] : "Pass";
    LOG_INFO("CMSG_LOOT_ROLL: type=", rName, " item=", pendingLootRoll_.itemName);
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// SMSG_ACHIEVEMENT_EARNED (WotLK 3.3.5a wire 0x4AB)
//   uint64 guid          — player who earned it (may be another player)
//   uint32 achievementId — Achievement.dbc ID
//   PackedTime date      — uint32 bitfield (seconds since epoch)
//   uint32 realmFirst    — how many on realm also got it (0 = realm first)
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void GameHandler::loadTitleNameCache() {
    if (titleNameCacheLoaded_) return;
    titleNameCacheLoaded_ = true;

    auto* am = core::Application::getInstance().getAssetManager();
    if (!am || !am->isInitialized()) return;

    auto dbc = am->loadDBC("CharTitles.dbc");
    if (!dbc || !dbc->isLoaded() || dbc->getFieldCount() < 5) return;

    const auto* layout = pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout()
        ? pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout()->getLayout("CharTitles") : nullptr;

    uint32_t titleField = layout ? layout->field("Title")    : 2;
    uint32_t bitField   = layout ? layout->field("TitleBit") : 36;
    if (titleField == 0xFFFFFFFF) titleField = 2;
    if (bitField   == 0xFFFFFFFF) bitField   = static_cast<uint32_t>(dbc->getFieldCount() - 1);

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < dbc->getRecordCount(); ++i) {
        uint32_t bit = dbc->getUInt32(i, bitField);
        if (bit == 0) continue;
        std::string name = dbc->getString(i, titleField);
        if (!name.empty()) titleNameCache_[bit] = std::move(name);
    }
    LOG_INFO("CharTitles: loaded ", titleNameCache_.size(), " title names from DBC");
}

std::string GameHandler::getFormattedTitle(uint32_t bit) const {
    const_cast<GameHandler*>(this)->loadTitleNameCache();
    auto it = titleNameCache_.find(bit);
    if (it == titleNameCache_.end() || it->second.empty()) return {};

    static const std::string kUnknown = "unknown";
    auto nameIt = playerNameCache.find(playerGuid);
    const std::string& pName = (nameIt != playerNameCache.end()) ? nameIt->second : kUnknown;

    const std::string& fmt = it->second;
    size_t pos = fmt.find("%s");
    if (pos != std::string::npos) {
        return fmt.substr(0, pos) + pName + fmt.substr(pos + 2);
    }
    return fmt;
}

void GameHandler::sendSetTitle(int32_t bit) {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    auto packet = SetTitlePacket::build(bit);
    socket->send(packet);
    chosenTitleBit_ = bit;
    LOG_INFO("sendSetTitle: bit=", bit);
}

void GameHandler::loadAchievementNameCache() {
    if (achievementNameCacheLoaded_) return;
    achievementNameCacheLoaded_ = true;

    auto* am = core::Application::getInstance().getAssetManager();
    if (!am || !am->isInitialized()) return;

    auto dbc = am->loadDBC("Achievement.dbc");
    if (!dbc || !dbc->isLoaded() || dbc->getFieldCount() < 22) return;

    const auto* achL = pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout()
        ? pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout()->getLayout("Achievement") : nullptr;
    uint32_t titleField = achL ? achL->field("Title") : 4;
    if (titleField == 0xFFFFFFFF) titleField = 4;
    uint32_t descField = achL ? achL->field("Description") : 0xFFFFFFFF;
    uint32_t ptsField  = achL ? achL->field("Points")      : 0xFFFFFFFF;

    uint32_t fieldCount = dbc->getFieldCount();
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < dbc->getRecordCount(); ++i) {
        uint32_t id = dbc->getUInt32(i, 0);
        if (id == 0) continue;
        std::string title = dbc->getString(i, titleField);
        if (!title.empty()) achievementNameCache_[id] = std::move(title);
        if (descField != 0xFFFFFFFF && descField < fieldCount) {
            std::string desc = dbc->getString(i, descField);
            if (!desc.empty()) achievementDescCache_[id] = std::move(desc);
        }
        if (ptsField != 0xFFFFFFFF && ptsField < fieldCount) {
            uint32_t pts = dbc->getUInt32(i, ptsField);
            if (pts > 0) achievementPointsCache_[id] = pts;
        }
    }
    LOG_INFO("Achievement: loaded ", achievementNameCache_.size(), " names from Achievement.dbc");
}

void GameHandler::handleAchievementEarned(network::Packet& packet) {
    size_t remaining = packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos();
    if (remaining < 16) return;  // guid(8) + id(4) + date(4)

    uint64_t guid          = packet.readUInt64();
    uint32_t achievementId = packet.readUInt32();
    uint32_t earnDate      = packet.readUInt32();  // WoW PackedTime bitfield

    loadAchievementNameCache();
    auto nameIt = achievementNameCache_.find(achievementId);
    const std::string& achName = (nameIt != achievementNameCache_.end())
        ? nameIt->second : std::string();

    // Show chat notification
    bool isSelf = (guid == playerGuid);
    if (isSelf) {
        char buf[256];
        if (!achName.empty()) {
            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Achievement earned: %s", achName.c_str());
        } else {
            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Achievement earned! (ID %u)", achievementId);
        }
        addSystemChatMessage(buf);

        earnedAchievements_.insert(achievementId);
        achievementDates_[achievementId] = earnDate;
        if (auto* renderer = core::Application::getInstance().getRenderer()) {
            if (auto* sfx = renderer->getUiSoundManager())
                sfx->playAchievementAlert();
        }
        if (achievementEarnedCallback_) {
            achievementEarnedCallback_(achievementId, achName);
        }
    } else {
        // Another player in the zone earned an achievement
        std::string senderName;
        auto entity = entityManager.getEntity(guid);
        if (auto* unit = dynamic_cast<Unit*>(entity.get())) {
            senderName = unit->getName();
        }
        if (senderName.empty()) {
            auto nit = playerNameCache.find(guid);
            if (nit != playerNameCache.end())
                senderName = nit->second;
        }
        if (senderName.empty()) {
            char tmp[32];
            std::snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "0x%llX",
                          static_cast<unsigned long long>(guid));
            senderName = tmp;
        }
        char buf[256];
        if (!achName.empty()) {
            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s has earned the achievement: %s",
                          senderName.c_str(), achName.c_str());
        } else {
            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s has earned an achievement! (ID %u)",
                          senderName.c_str(), achievementId);
        }
        addSystemChatMessage(buf);
    }

    LOG_INFO("SMSG_ACHIEVEMENT_EARNED: guid=0x", std::hex, guid, std::dec,
             " achievementId=", achievementId, " self=", isSelf,
             achName.empty() ? "" : " name=", achName);
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// SMSG_ALL_ACHIEVEMENT_DATA (WotLK 3.3.5a)
//   Achievement records: repeated { uint32 id, uint32 packedDate } until 0xFFFFFFFF sentinel
//   Criteria records:    repeated { uint32 id, uint64 counter, uint32 packedDate, ... } until 0xFFFFFFFF
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void GameHandler::handleAllAchievementData(network::Packet& packet) {
    loadAchievementNameCache();
    earnedAchievements_.clear();
    achievementDates_.clear();

    // Parse achievement entries (id + packedDate pairs, sentinel 0xFFFFFFFF)
    while (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
        uint32_t id = packet.readUInt32();
        if (id == 0xFFFFFFFF) break;
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
        uint32_t date = packet.readUInt32();
        earnedAchievements_.insert(id);
        achievementDates_[id] = date;
    }

    // Parse criteria block: id + uint64 counter + uint32 date + uint32 flags, sentinel 0xFFFFFFFF
    criteriaProgress_.clear();
    while (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
        uint32_t id = packet.readUInt32();
        if (id == 0xFFFFFFFF) break;
        // counter(8) + date(4) + unknown(4) = 16 bytes
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 16) break;
        uint64_t counter = packet.readUInt64();
        packet.readUInt32();  // date
        packet.readUInt32();  // unknown / flags
        criteriaProgress_[id] = counter;
    }

    LOG_INFO("SMSG_ALL_ACHIEVEMENT_DATA: loaded ", earnedAchievements_.size(),
             " achievements, ", criteriaProgress_.size(), " criteria");
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// SMSG_RESPOND_INSPECT_ACHIEVEMENTS (WotLK 3.3.5a)
//   Wire format: packed_guid (inspected player) + same achievement/criteria
//   blocks as SMSG_ALL_ACHIEVEMENT_DATA:
//     Achievement records: repeated { uint32 id, uint32 packedDate } until 0xFFFFFFFF sentinel
//     Criteria records:    repeated { uint32 id, uint64 counter, uint32 date, uint32 unk }
//                          until 0xFFFFFFFF sentinel
//   We store only the earned achievement IDs (not criteria) per inspected player.
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void GameHandler::handleRespondInspectAchievements(network::Packet& packet) {
    loadAchievementNameCache();

    // Read the inspected player's packed guid
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 1) return;
    uint64_t inspectedGuid = UpdateObjectParser::readPackedGuid(packet);
    if (inspectedGuid == 0) {
        packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
        return;
    }

    std::unordered_set<uint32_t> achievements;

    // Achievement records: { uint32 id, uint32 packedDate } until sentinel 0xFFFFFFFF
    while (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
        uint32_t id = packet.readUInt32();
        if (id == 0xFFFFFFFF) break;
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) break;
        /*uint32_t date =*/ packet.readUInt32();
        achievements.insert(id);
    }

    // Criteria records: { uint32 id, uint64 counter, uint32 date, uint32 unk }
    // until sentinel 0xFFFFFFFF — consume but don't store for inspect use
    while (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() >= 4) {
        uint32_t id = packet.readUInt32();
        if (id == 0xFFFFFFFF) break;
        // counter(8) + date(4) + unk(4) = 16 bytes
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 16) break;
        packet.readUInt64();  // counter
        packet.readUInt32();  // date
        packet.readUInt32();  // unk
    }

    inspectedPlayerAchievements_[inspectedGuid] = std::move(achievements);

    LOG_INFO("SMSG_RESPOND_INSPECT_ACHIEVEMENTS: guid=0x", std::hex, inspectedGuid, std::dec,
             " achievements=", inspectedPlayerAchievements_[inspectedGuid].size());
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Faction name cache (lazily loaded from Faction.dbc)
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void GameHandler::loadFactionNameCache() {
    if (factionNameCacheLoaded_) return;
    factionNameCacheLoaded_ = true;

    auto* am = core::Application::getInstance().getAssetManager();
    if (!am || !am->isInitialized()) return;

    auto dbc = am->loadDBC("Faction.dbc");
    if (!dbc || !dbc->isLoaded()) return;

    // Faction.dbc WotLK 3.3.5a field layout:
    //   0: ID
    //   1: ReputationListID  (-1 / 0xFFFFFFFF = no reputation tracking)
    //   2-5:  ReputationRaceMask[4]
    //   6-9:  ReputationClassMask[4]
    //  10-13: ReputationBase[4]
    //  14-17: ReputationFlags[4]
    //  18:    ParentFactionID
    //  19-20: SpilloverRateIn, SpilloverRateOut (floats)
    //  21-22: SpilloverMaxRankIn, SpilloverMaxRankOut
    //  23:    Name (English locale, string ref)
    constexpr uint32_t ID_FIELD      = 0;
    constexpr uint32_t REPLIST_FIELD = 1;
    constexpr uint32_t NAME_FIELD    = 23;  // enUS name string

    // Classic/TBC have fewer fields; fall back gracefully
    const bool hasRepListField = dbc->getFieldCount() > REPLIST_FIELD;
    if (dbc->getFieldCount() <= NAME_FIELD) {
        LOG_WARNING("Faction.dbc: unexpected field count ", dbc->getFieldCount());
        // Don't abort — still try to load names from a shorter layout
    }
    const uint32_t nameField = (dbc->getFieldCount() > NAME_FIELD) ? NAME_FIELD : 22u;

    uint32_t count = dbc->getRecordCount();
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        uint32_t factionId = dbc->getUInt32(i, ID_FIELD);
        if (factionId == 0) continue;
        if (dbc->getFieldCount() > nameField) {
            std::string name = dbc->getString(i, nameField);
            if (!name.empty()) {
                factionNameCache_[factionId] = std::move(name);
            }
        }
        // Build repListId ↔ factionId mapping (WotLK field 1)
        if (hasRepListField) {
            uint32_t repListId = dbc->getUInt32(i, REPLIST_FIELD);
            if (repListId != 0xFFFFFFFFu) {
                factionRepListToId_[repListId] = factionId;
                factionIdToRepList_[factionId] = repListId;
            }
        }
    }
    LOG_INFO("Faction.dbc: loaded ", factionNameCache_.size(), " faction names, ",
             factionRepListToId_.size(), " with reputation tracking");
}

uint32_t GameHandler::getFactionIdByRepListId(uint32_t repListId) const {
    const_cast<GameHandler*>(this)->loadFactionNameCache();
    auto it = factionRepListToId_.find(repListId);
    return (it != factionRepListToId_.end()) ? it->second : 0u;
}

uint32_t GameHandler::getRepListIdByFactionId(uint32_t factionId) const {
    const_cast<GameHandler*>(this)->loadFactionNameCache();
    auto it = factionIdToRepList_.find(factionId);
    return (it != factionIdToRepList_.end()) ? it->second : 0xFFFFFFFFu;
}

std::string GameHandler::getFactionName(uint32_t factionId) const {
    auto it = factionNameCache_.find(factionId);
    if (it != factionNameCache_.end()) return it->second;
    return "faction #" + std::to_string(factionId);
}

const std::string& GameHandler::getFactionNamePublic(uint32_t factionId) const {
    const_cast<GameHandler*>(this)->loadFactionNameCache();
    auto it = factionNameCache_.find(factionId);
    if (it != factionNameCache_.end()) return it->second;
    static const std::string empty;
    return empty;
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Area name cache (lazy-loaded from WorldMapArea.dbc)
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void GameHandler::loadAreaNameCache() {
    if (areaNameCacheLoaded_) return;
    areaNameCacheLoaded_ = true;

    auto* am = core::Application::getInstance().getAssetManager();
    if (!am || !am->isInitialized()) return;

    auto dbc = am->loadDBC("WorldMapArea.dbc");
    if (!dbc || !dbc->isLoaded()) return;

    const auto* layout = pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout()
        ? pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout()->getLayout("WorldMapArea") : nullptr;
    const uint32_t areaIdField   = layout ? (*layout)["AreaID"]   : 2;
    const uint32_t areaNameField = layout ? (*layout)["AreaName"] : 3;

    if (dbc->getFieldCount() <= areaNameField) return;

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < dbc->getRecordCount(); ++i) {
        uint32_t areaId = dbc->getUInt32(i, areaIdField);
        if (areaId == 0) continue;
        std::string name = dbc->getString(i, areaNameField);
        if (!name.empty() && !areaNameCache_.count(areaId)) {
            areaNameCache_[areaId] = std::move(name);
        }
    }
    LOG_INFO("WorldMapArea.dbc: loaded ", areaNameCache_.size(), " area names");
}

std::string GameHandler::getAreaName(uint32_t areaId) const {
    if (areaId == 0) return {};
    const_cast<GameHandler*>(this)->loadAreaNameCache();
    auto it = areaNameCache_.find(areaId);
    return (it != areaNameCache_.end()) ? it->second : std::string{};
}

void GameHandler::loadMapNameCache() {
    if (mapNameCacheLoaded_) return;
    mapNameCacheLoaded_ = true;

    auto* am = core::Application::getInstance().getAssetManager();
    if (!am || !am->isInitialized()) return;

    auto dbc = am->loadDBC("Map.dbc");
    if (!dbc || !dbc->isLoaded()) return;

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < dbc->getRecordCount(); ++i) {
        uint32_t id = dbc->getUInt32(i, 0);
        // Field 2 = MapName_enUS (first localized); field 1 = InternalName fallback
        std::string name = dbc->getString(i, 2);
        if (name.empty()) name = dbc->getString(i, 1);
        if (!name.empty() && !mapNameCache_.count(id)) {
            mapNameCache_[id] = std::move(name);
        }
    }
    LOG_INFO("Map.dbc: loaded ", mapNameCache_.size(), " map names");
}

std::string GameHandler::getMapName(uint32_t mapId) const {
    if (mapId == 0) return {};
    const_cast<GameHandler*>(this)->loadMapNameCache();
    auto it = mapNameCache_.find(mapId);
    return (it != mapNameCache_.end()) ? it->second : std::string{};
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// LFG dungeon name cache (WotLK: LFGDungeons.dbc)
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void GameHandler::loadLfgDungeonDbc() {
    if (lfgDungeonNameCacheLoaded_) return;
    lfgDungeonNameCacheLoaded_ = true;

    auto* am = core::Application::getInstance().getAssetManager();
    if (!am || !am->isInitialized()) return;

    auto dbc = am->loadDBC("LFGDungeons.dbc");
    if (!dbc || !dbc->isLoaded()) return;

    const auto* layout = pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout()
        ? pipeline::getActiveDBCLayout()->getLayout("LFGDungeons") : nullptr;
    const uint32_t idField   = layout ? (*layout)["ID"]   : 0;
    const uint32_t nameField = layout ? (*layout)["Name"] : 1;

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < dbc->getRecordCount(); ++i) {
        uint32_t id = dbc->getUInt32(i, idField);
        if (id == 0) continue;
        std::string name = dbc->getString(i, nameField);
        if (!name.empty())
            lfgDungeonNameCache_[id] = std::move(name);
    }
    LOG_INFO("LFGDungeons.dbc: loaded ", lfgDungeonNameCache_.size(), " dungeon names");
}

std::string GameHandler::getLfgDungeonName(uint32_t dungeonId) const {
    if (dungeonId == 0) return {};
    const_cast<GameHandler*>(this)->loadLfgDungeonDbc();
    auto it = lfgDungeonNameCache_.find(dungeonId);
    return (it != lfgDungeonNameCache_.end()) ? it->second : std::string{};
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Aura duration update
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void GameHandler::handleUpdateAuraDuration(uint8_t slot, uint32_t durationMs) {
    if (slot >= playerAuras.size()) return;
    if (playerAuras[slot].isEmpty()) return;
    playerAuras[slot].durationMs = static_cast<int32_t>(durationMs);
    playerAuras[slot].receivedAtMs = static_cast<uint64_t>(
        std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
            std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Equipment set list
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void GameHandler::handleEquipmentSetList(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) return;
    uint32_t count = packet.readUInt32();
    if (count > 10) {
        LOG_WARNING("SMSG_EQUIPMENT_SET_LIST: unexpected count ", count, ", ignoring");
        packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
        return;
    }
    equipmentSets_.clear();
    equipmentSets_.reserve(count);
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 16) break;
        EquipmentSet es;
        es.setGuid        = packet.readUInt64();
        es.setId          = packet.readUInt32();
        es.name           = packet.readString();
        es.iconName       = packet.readString();
        es.ignoreSlotMask = packet.readUInt32();
        for (int slot = 0; slot < 19; ++slot) {
            if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) break;
            es.itemGuids[slot] = packet.readUInt64();
        }
        equipmentSets_.push_back(std::move(es));
    }
    // Populate public-facing info
    equipmentSetInfo_.clear();
    equipmentSetInfo_.reserve(equipmentSets_.size());
    for (const auto& es : equipmentSets_) {
        EquipmentSetInfo info;
        info.setGuid  = es.setGuid;
        info.setId    = es.setId;
        info.name     = es.name;
        info.iconName = es.iconName;
        equipmentSetInfo_.push_back(std::move(info));
    }
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_EQUIPMENT_SET_LIST: ", equipmentSets_.size(), " equipment sets received");
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Forced faction reactions
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void GameHandler::handleSetForcedReactions(network::Packet& packet) {
    if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 4) return;
    uint32_t count = packet.readUInt32();
    if (count > 64) {
        LOG_WARNING("SMSG_SET_FORCED_REACTIONS: suspicious count ", count, ", ignoring");
        packet.setReadPos(packet.getSize());
        return;
    }
    forcedReactions_.clear();
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        if (packet.getSize() - packet.getReadPos() < 8) break;
        uint32_t factionId = packet.readUInt32();
        uint32_t reaction  = packet.readUInt32();
        forcedReactions_[factionId] = static_cast<uint8_t>(reaction);
    }
    LOG_INFO("SMSG_SET_FORCED_REACTIONS: ", forcedReactions_.size(), " faction overrides");
}

// ---- Battlefield Manager (WotLK Wintergrasp / outdoor battlefields) ----

void GameHandler::acceptBfMgrInvite() {
    if (!bfMgrInvitePending_ || state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    // CMSG_BATTLEFIELD_MGR_ENTRY_INVITE_RESPONSE: uint8 accepted = 1
    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_BATTLEFIELD_MGR_ENTRY_INVITE_RESPONSE));
    pkt.writeUInt8(1);  // accepted
    socket->send(pkt);
    bfMgrInvitePending_ = false;
    LOG_INFO("acceptBfMgrInvite: sent CMSG_BATTLEFIELD_MGR_ENTRY_INVITE_RESPONSE accepted=1");
}

void GameHandler::declineBfMgrInvite() {
    if (!bfMgrInvitePending_ || state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    // CMSG_BATTLEFIELD_MGR_ENTRY_INVITE_RESPONSE: uint8 accepted = 0
    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_BATTLEFIELD_MGR_ENTRY_INVITE_RESPONSE));
    pkt.writeUInt8(0);  // declined
    socket->send(pkt);
    bfMgrInvitePending_ = false;
    LOG_INFO("declineBfMgrInvite: sent CMSG_BATTLEFIELD_MGR_ENTRY_INVITE_RESPONSE accepted=0");
}

// ---- WotLK Calendar ----

void GameHandler::requestCalendar() {
    if (state != WorldState::IN_WORLD || !socket) return;
    // CMSG_CALENDAR_GET_CALENDAR has no payload
    network::Packet pkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_CALENDAR_GET_CALENDAR));
    socket->send(pkt);
    LOG_INFO("requestCalendar: sent CMSG_CALENDAR_GET_CALENDAR");
    // Also request pending invite count
    network::Packet numPkt(wireOpcode(Opcode::CMSG_CALENDAR_GET_NUM_PENDING));
    socket->send(numPkt);
}

} // namespace game
} // namespace wowee